بءس

بُؤْسٌ ذ (also written بُوسٌ, with the suppressed, Msb) Distress; straitness of the means of subsistence, or of the conveniences of life; poverty: (M, Msb,* TA:*) or a state of pressing want: (S, K:) or misfortune; calamity: (A:) and ↓ بُؤُوسٌ and ↓ بُؤْسَى (K, TA) and ↓ بَأْسَاآءُ (M, A) and ↓ بَأْسٌ (TA) and ↓ بَئِيسٌ (S, K) and ↓ بَئِيسَى (TA) and ↓ مَبْأَسَةٌ (M, TA) [all of which, except ↓ بَأْسَاآءُ and ↓ مَبْأَسَةٌ, are said to be inf. ns. (see بَئِسَ)] signify the same as بُؤْسٌ: (S, M, A, K, TA:) ↓ بُؤْسَى and ↓ بَأْسَاآءُ are both from بُؤْسٌ [with which they are syn. accord. to authorities indicated above]; (Zj, IDrd, TA;) the former is contr. of نُعْمَى, (S, TA,) and in like manner the latter is contr. of نَعْمَاآءُ: (TA:) the latter is of the measure فَعْلَاآءُ without any أَفْعَلُ, because it is a subst.; like as أَفْعَلُ occurs among substs. without any فَعَلَاآءُ, as in the instance of أَحْمَدُ: (Akh, S:) or ↓ بُؤْسَى signifies a state of trial or affliction, and is a subst.; and ↓ بَئِيسٌ and ↓ بَاآسَةٌ signify the same, but are inf. ns.: (M:) and ↓ بَأْسَاآءُ is syn. with شِدَّةٌ [like بُؤْسٌ in the first of the senses explained above]; (S, TA;) and مَشَقَّةٌ [meaning distress, or difficulty ]: (TA:) or it signifies misfortune, or calamity, (A, K,) like بُؤْسٌ; (A;) and so أَبْؤُسٌ: (S, K:) or rather this last signifies misfortunes, or calamities; for it is pl. of ↓ بَأْسٌ, i. e., a pl. of pauc.; not of بُؤْسٌ, as J asserts it to be; for the pl. of pauc. of بُؤْسٌ is أَبْاآسٌ: (IB, TA:) but أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as pl. of ↓ بَأْسَاآءُ. (Fr, in S, voce ضَرَّاآءُ, q. v.) [See exs. of these two pls. in what follows.] You say يَوْمُ بُؤْسٍ وَيَوْمُ نُعْمٍ [ A day of distress, or poverty, &c., and a day of ease and plenty ]. (S, TA.) And بُؤْسًا لَهُ [ May distress, or poverty, &c., befall him ]: a form of imprecation. (Sb, M, TA.) And بُؤْسَ ا@بْنِ سُمَيَّةَ, app. an expression of pity [meaning Alas for the distress, &c., of Ibn-Sumeiyeh! ]. (TA, from a trad.) And عَسَىَ الغُوَيْرُ أَبْؤُسًا Perhaps the little cave [ may be attended with ] calamities; not calamity, as in the S [and K]: (IB:) a prov.; (S;) originating from a cave's having collapsed upon some men in it; or from an enemy's having come to some men in a cave, and slain them; wherefore it is applied to anything whence evil is feared: (As, S, K, in art. غور:) or it is applied to him who is suspected of a thing: (IAar, TA:) or الغُوَيْرُ was the name of a certain water, which belonged to the tribe of Kelb, and the words of this prov. were said by Ez-Zebbà, when Kaseer turned aside from the plain road, and took the way to الغُوَيْرُ: (Ibn-El-Kelbee, S, K, in art. غور:)ابؤسا is in the accus. case by reason of يَكُونُ understood. (Mughnee.) [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 94.] ElKumeyt also says, قَالُوا أَسَاآءَ بَنُو كُرْزٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ عَسَى الغُوَيْرُ بِأَبْاآسٍ وَأغْوَارِ [ They said, Benoo-Kurz have done evil: and I said to them, Perhaps the little cave may be attended with calamities and connected with other caves ]: أَبْاآس is here pl. of بُؤْس. (IB, TA.) [In the S, the last words are written بِاـِبْاآسٍ وَاـِعْوَارٍ, in one copy: in another, واـِغْوَارِ: both of which are app. wrong.] ― -b2- See also بَائِسٌ.