حيث

حَيْثُ حيث , (S, Msb, Mughnee, K,) indecl., (S, Msb,) with damm for its termination, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) as being likened to final words [such as قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ ending a proposition], (S, Mughnee,) because it does not [regularly] occur otherwise than prefixed to a proposition, (S,) for the being prefixed to a proposition is like the not being prefixed to anything, as the consequence of being prefixed, which is the sign of the gen. case, is not apparent: (Mughnee:) and حَيْثَ, (S, Mughnee, K,) also indecl., (S,) with fet-h, (S, Mughnee,) to render the pronunciation more easy, (Mughnee,) because damm with ى is deemed difficult to pronounce: (S:) and حَيْثِ, (Mughnee, K,) with kesr, accord. to the general rule observed to prevent the concurrence of two quiescent letters: (Mughnee:) and in like manner, حَوْثُ and حَوْثَ and حَوْثِ: (Mughnee, TA:) of which forms, حوث is asserted to be the original; (L;) though حَيْثُ is more chaste than حَوْثُ, and is the form used in the Kur-án: (Az and TA in art. حوث:) but some of the Arabs make حيث decl.: (Mughnee:) it is an adverbial noun of place, (S, Msb,) a vague adverbial noun of place, (L,) [signifying Where, ] like حِينَ with respect to time: (S, K:) or it is a denotative of place, by general consent: but accord. to Akh it sometimes occurs as denoting time, [signifying when, ] as in the following verse, (Mughnee, TA,) which is the strongest evidence of its use in this sense: (TA:) حَيْثَمَا تَسْتَقِمْ يُقَدِّرْ لَكَ ا@للّٰ هُ نَجَاحًا فِى غَابِرِ الأَزْمَانِ [ Whenever thou shalt pursue a right course, God will decree thee success in the time to come ]: (Mughnee, TA:) but in most instances it occupies the place of an accus., as an adverbial noun of place; or of a gen., governed by مِنْ, and sometimes by another prep., as in the saying (of Zuheyr, TA in art. قشعم), لَدَى حَيْثُ أَلْقَتْ رَحْلَهَاأُمُّ قَشْعَمِ [ At the place where Calamity, or Fate, has put down her saddle, i. e., made her abode ]: and sometimes it occurs as an objective complement, as it is said to do in اَللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَاتِهِ [in the Kur vi. 124], i. e. God is knowing: He knows where to bestow his apostolic commissions; يَعْلَمُ being suppressed, as implied by أَعْلَمُ; or أَعْلَمُ may be rendered by عَالِمٌ, and so may govern the accus. case. (Mughnee.) Accord. to rule, (Mughnee,) in every instance, (S, Mughnee,) it is prefixed to a proposition, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) nominal, or verbal, but in most cases the latter; (Mughnee;) as in أَقُومُ حَيْثُ يَقُومُ زَيْدٌ [ I will stand where Zeyd shall stand ]; and حَيْثُ تَكُونُ أَكُونُ [ Where thou shalt be, I will be ]; (S;) and جَلَسْتُ حَيْثُ زَيْدًا أَرَاهُ [ I sat where I saw Zeyd ], the accus. case being preferred in an instance like this; (Mughnee;) and اذْهَبْ حَيْثُ شئْتَ [ Go thou whither thou wilt. ] (Msb in art. حَين.) You should not say حَيْثُ زَيْدٌ [alone]: (S:) or it occurs prefixed to a single word in poetry; (Msb, Mughnee;) as in the saying, وَنَطْعُنُهُمْ تَحْتَ الكُلَى بَعْدَ ضَرْبِهِمْ بِبِيضِ المَوَاضِى حَيْثُ لَىِّ العَمَائِمِ [ And we pierce them beneath the kidneys, after smiting them, with the sharp swords, where the turbans are wound ]; (Mughnee;) but this is irregular; (Msb, Mughnee;) though Ks holds it to be regular. (Mughnee.) Lh relates, on the authority of Ks, that some make حيث to govern a noun in the gen. case, as in the saying, أَمَا تَرَى حَيْثُ سُهَيْلٍ طَالِعَا [ Seest thou not where Canopus is, rising? ]: but he says that this is not of respectable authority: (L:) some write حَيْثَ سُهَيْلٍ: and some, حَيْثُ سُهَيْلٌ, [which is the common reading, سهيل being an inchoative, and] the enunciative, مَوْجُودٌ, being suppressed. (Mughnee.) Abu-l-Fet-h says that he who prefixes حيث to a single word makes it declinable. (Mughnee.) [Accord. to Fei,] BenooTemeem say حَيْثَ when it occupies the place of an accus., as in the phrase, قُمْ حَيْثَ يَقُومُ زَيْدٌ [ Stand thou where Zeyd shall stand ]. (Msb.) Ks says, I have heard among Benoo-Temeem, of Benoo-Yarbooa and Tuheiyeh, those who say حَيْثَ in every case, when it occupies the place of a gen., and that of an accus., and that of a nom.; saying مِنْ حَيْثَ لَايَعْلَمُونَ [ Whence they know not ], and حَيْثَ ا@لْتَقَيْنَا [ Where we met ]: and he says also, I have heard some of Benu-l-HárithIbn-Asad-Ibn-El-Hárith-Ibn-Thaalabeh, and all Benoo-Fak'as, say حَيْثِ when it occupies the place of a gen., and حَيْثَ when it occupies the place of an accus.; saying مِنْ حَيْثِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ, and حَيْثَ ا@لْتَقَيْنَا. (L.) Sometimes the proposition after حيث commences with اـِنَّ, as in اِجْلِسْ حَيْثُ اـِنَّ زَيْدًا جَالِسٌ [ Sit thou where Zeyd is sitting ]. (K in art. أن, and IAk p. 92.) ― -b2- It sometimes comprises the meanings of two adverbial nouns of place, as when you say, حَيْثُ عَبْدُ ا@للّٰهِ قَاعِدٌ زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ [ Where' Abd-Allah is sitting, there Zeyd is standing ]. (AHeyth, L.) ― -b3- The restrictive مَا (مَا كَافَّةٌ) is sometimes affixed to it, and in this case it implies a conditional meaning, [signifying Wherever, or wheresoever, and, accord. to Akh, whenever, or whensoever, ] (Mughnee, TA,) and renders two verbs mejzoom, (Mughnee,) as in the saying, حَيْثُمَا تَجْلِسْ أَجْلِسْ [ Wherever thou shalt sit, I will sit ], (S,) and in the first of the verses cited above: (Mughnee, TA:) it is not [properly, though it is sometimes improperly,] used as a conditional without ما. (S.) ― -b4- [It is also used, in scientific and other post-classical works, in senses different from those explained above. Thus, مِنْ حَيْثُ is used to signify As to, or in respect of: so in the phrase مِنْ حَيْثُ اللَّفْظِ وَالمَعْنَى As to, or in respect of, the word and the meaning. Also As, or considered as, absolutely, or abstractedly: so in the phrase مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَ, or مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَ هُوَ, As, or considered as, such, absolutely, or abstractedly; and الاـِنْسَانُ مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَ اـِنْسَانٌ Man, as, or considered as, man, absolutely, or [...]