عهد

عَهْدٌ ذ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.: used as a simple subst.,] An injunction, a charge, a bidding, an order, or a command. (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA.) [Pl. in this and other senses عُهُودٌ.] عَهْدِى أَنْ لَا اآخُذَ مِنْ رَاضِعٍ شَيْئًا, occurring in a trad., is a phrase tropically abridged, meaning (tropical:) It is in the injunction, or charge, prescribed as obligatory on me [ that I should not take anything from a suckling ]. (Mgh.) ― -b2- A compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, an engagement, a bond, an obligation, or a promise: (S, A, Mgh, O, L, Msb, K, TA:) pl. عُهُودٌ: or, accord. to AHeyth, ↓ عَهْدَةٌ has this this meaning, and عَهْدٌ is its pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]. (TA.) Hence وَلِىُّ عَهْدٍ The suc- cessor by virtue of a covenant of a Khaleefeh [or King]. (TA.) [And وِلَايَةُ عَهْدٍ The succession by virtue of a covenant. ] ― -b3- Protection, or safeguard; a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; responsibility, or suretiship; syn. أَمَانٌ; and ذِمَّةٌ; (Sh, S, A, O, Msb, K;) and ضَمَانٌ; (O, K;) as also ↓ عُهَّيْدَى [in the O ↓ عُهَيْدَى] and ↓ عِهْدَانٌ [which last is said in the S and O to be syn. with عَهْدٌ, but in what sense is not there specified]. (K.) Hence, ذُو عَهْدٍ, an appel-lation given to a Christian, and a Jew, [and a Sabian, who is a subject of a Muslim government,] meaning One between whom and the Muslims a compact, or covenant, subsists, whereby the latter are responsible for his security [ and freedom and toleration ] as long as he acts agreeably to the compact [ by living peaceably with them and paying a poll-tax ]; (Mgh, * Msb, * TA;) [i. e. a free non-Muslim subject of a Muslim government; ] as also ↓ مُعَاهِدٌ and ↓ مُعَاهَدٌ, the act. and pass. forms being both applied to such a person because the compact is mutual; (Msb;) both syn. with ذِمِّىٌّ: (S:) persons of this description are called collectively أَهْلُ العَهْدِ. (TA.) ― -b4- An oath: (S, A, O, K:) pl. عُهُودٌ: or, accord. to AHeyth, ↓ عَهْدَةٌ signifies an oath whereby one secures himself against him with whom he makes a compact, contract, covenant, or the like, and عَهْدٌ is its pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]. (TA.) [But it is generally used as a sing.: hence,] one says, عَلَىَّ عَهْدُ ا@للّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا [ The oath by attestation of God is binding on me that I will assuredly do such a thing ]. (S, O.) ― -b5- A writ, or diploma, of appointment to the office of a prefect or governor or the like: (S, O, K:) pl. عُهُودٌ. (TA.) ― -b6- Defence of those persons, or things, that should be sacred, or inviolable, or that are entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence; (S, A, O, K;) and mindfulness, regard, or observance, (S, K,) of such things, (K,) or of love, or affection; occurring in this sense in a trad., in which it is said that generosity therein is a point of religion. (S.) ― -b7- Fulfilment of a promise or the like. (O, K.) So in the Kur vii. 100. (O.) ― -b8- The assertion of the unity of God: whence, اـِلَّا مَنِ ا@تَّخَذَ عِنْدَ ا@لرَّحْمٰنِ عَهْدًا [ Except such as hath made a covenant with the Compassionate to assert his unity ], (O, K,) in the Kur [xix. 90]: (O:) and the words of a trad. relating to prayer, أَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا ا@سْتَطَعْتُ I am persevering in the observance of my covenant and promise to Thee to believe in Thee and to assert thy unity incessantly [ as far as I am able ]. (TA.) -A2- Also A time; (S, * A, K;) and so ↓ عِهْدَانٌ. (A, TA.) One says, كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ فُلَانٍ and ↓ عِهْدَانِهِ It was in the time of such a one. (A.) And كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى عَهْدِ شَبَابِى That was in the time of my youth, or young manhood. (TK.) And أَتَى عَلَيْهَا عَهْدٌ طَوِيلٌ [ Over which a long time has passed ]. (S, in explanation of قَرْيَةٌ عَهِيدَةٌ meaning قَدِيمَةٌ.) ― -b2- One says also, عَهْدِى بِهِ قَرِيبٌ i. e. My meeting [ with him, or it, was a short time ago ]. (S, * Msb.) And هُوَ قَرِيبُ العَهْدِ بَكَذَا He knew, or was acquainted with, such a thing, and was in such a state, or condition, recently, or a short time ago. (Msb. [And in like manner one says حَدِيثُ العَهْدِ and حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ.]) And عَهْدِى بِهِ بِمَوْضِعِ كَذَا, (K, TA,) and فِى حَالِ كَذَا, (TA,) I met, or met with, or I knew, [or I saw, ] him, or it, in such a place, (K, TA,) and in such a state, or condition. (TA.) And مَا لِى عَهْدٌ بِهِ [ I have not any knowledge of, or acquaintance with, him, or it ]. (A.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِفُلَانٍ When didst thou meet, or meet with, such a one? (Mgh:) or see such a one? (TA.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِالخُفِّ When didst thou wear the boots? (Mgh.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِأَسْفَلِ فِيكَ [ When didst thou see the lower part of thy mouth? ]: a prov.; said in asking a person respecting an old affair of which he has no knowledge. (L.) The saying of the poet, (Aboo-Khirásh El-Hudhalee, TA, and so in a copy of the S,) فَلَيْسَ كَعَهْدِ الدَّارِ يَا أُمَّ مَالِكٍ وَلٰكِنْ أَحَاطَتْ بِالرِّقَابِ السَّلَاسِلُ [ And it is not like the formerly-known state of the abode, O Umm-Málik; but chains have surrounded the necks; ] is expl. as meaning, the case is not as thou knewest it; but El-Islám has come, and has subverted that case. (S, TA.) [Hence, لِلْعَهْدِ and ↓ لِلْمَعْهُودِ, said of the article اَلْ; meaning Used to distinguish a noun as known to the hearer, or reader, in a particular sense. ] -A3- Also A first rain; the rain immediately following which is called وَلْىٌ: (TA:) or the first of the rain called الوَسْمِىُّ; (IAar, M, K;) and so ↓ عَهْدَةٌ and ↓ عِهْدَةٌ and ↓ عِهَادَةٌ, (M, K, TA,) or, as in some copies of the K [and in the CK], ↓ عِهَادٌ, which is pl. of عَهْدٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- And Rain that falls after other rain, (AHn, S, K,) while the moisture of the former yet remains; (AHn, K;) as also ↓ عَهْدَةٌ and ↓ عِهْدَةٌ: (TA:) pl. عِهَادٌ and عُهُودٌ: (S:) or عِهَادٌ, accord. to some, signifies recent rains; app. from the saying, أَصَابَتْنَا دِيمَةٌ بِعْدَ دِيمَةٍ عَلَى عِهَادٍ غَيْرِ [...]