عسف

1 عَسَفَ فِى الأَمْرِ ذ , (Msb,) [aor. عَسِفَ ,] inf. n. عَسْفٌ, (TA,) He did the affair [or he acted in it ] without consideration; (Msb, TA; *) and ↓ تعسّف and ↓ اعتسف have the like meaning: (Msb, * TA:) whence what next follows. (Msb.) ― -b2- عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ He travelled the road not following a right direction: (Msb:) [or you say,] عَسَفَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (O, K,) aor. عَسِفَ , (K,) inf. n. عَسْفٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اعتسف, and ↓ تعسّف; (O, K;) he declined from the road, (O, K, TA,) and journeyed without direction and without pursuing a right course: (TA:) or عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ (K, * TA) he travelled the road, (K, TA,) seeking an object of want, (TA,) without direction: (K, TA:) and ↓ اعتسفهُ, and ↓ تعسّفه, he travelled it without aiming at and hitting upon a right course: (TA:) and عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, (Mgh,) or المَفَازَةَ, inf. n. as above, (TA,) he traversed, or crossed, the desert, or waterless desert, without direction, (Mgh, TA,) and without any travelled road; as also ↓ اعتسفها: (Mgh:) or عَسْفٌ signifies the taking a course not along the road, (S, IAth, O, TA,) and without knowledge: (IAth, TA:) this is said by IAth to be the primary meaning: (TA:) or, accord. to IDrd, the primary meaning is the travelling the road without direction: (O:) and ↓ الاِعْتِسَافُ signifies the taking a course at random, without direction and without knowledge. (Ham p. 613.) And one says, بَاتَ يَعْسِفُ اللَّيْلَ, inf. n. as above, He passed the night journeying therein without direction, seeking a thing. (Msb.) And عَسْفٌ [alone] signifies The going round about by night seeking an object of quest, or desire. (O, K.) [See also 2, and 4.] ― -b3- Hence, i. e. from the frequent usage of the verb in its primary sense, عَسَفَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا, meaning Such a one treated, or used, such a one wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (O;) as also ↓ تعسّفهُ: (O, * K:) and عَسَفَ السُّلْطَانُ (O, K) i. e. [ The Sultán, or ruling power, ] acted wrongfully, unjustly, &c.: (K:) inf. n. as above. (IAth, Mgh, TA.) ― -b4- And [hence,] عَسَفَ فُلَانَةَ He violated such a woman. (TA.) ― -b5- And الدَّمْعُ يَعْسِفُ الجُفُونَ (assumed tropical:) The tears are copious so that they flow in other than their [ proper ] channels. (A, TA.) ― -b6- And عَسَفَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He took him, or it, with strength, or force. (Msb.) ― -b7- And عَسَفَهُ He took him as a servant, (O, K, TA,) or an عَسِيف; (TA;) as also ↓ اعتسفهُ. (O, K, TA.) ― -b8- عَسَفَ عَلَيْهِ and لَهُ He worked, or wrought, for him [ as a hired servant ]. (K.) One says, كَمْ أَعْسِفُ عَلَيْكَ (O) or لَكَ (TA) i. e. [ How long shall I ] work for thee, (O, TA,) and earn, or gain, for thee, going repeatedly to and fro for thee like him who goes round about in the night seeking an object of quest, or desire? (TA.) ― -b9- And عَسَفَ ضَيْعَتَهُمْ, (K,) aor. as above, (O,) He kept, minded, or managed, their estate, and ordered its affairs in their stead, (O, K, TA,) and went to and fro occupied in that which should put it [or keep it ] in a good, or right, state. (TA.) -A2- عَسْفٌ signifies also The breathing of death, (O, K.) And عَسَفَ, (O, K,) aor. عَسِفَ , inf. n. عَسْفٌ (O, TA) and عُسُوفٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, (O, K,) He was at the point of death, and had [ the affection, or disease, termed ] عُسَاف: or, as some say, he had the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [q.v.]: (O:) or he was at the point of death by reason of the [ affection, or disease, termed ] غُدَّة, and began to breathe [or pant ] so that his حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe ] became convulsed. (K.) [See also عَزَفَ.]