عرقب

عُرْقُوبٌ ذ [The tendo Achillis, or heel-tendon; ] a certain tense, (T, A, Mgh, Msb,) or thick, (K,) or thick and tense, (S, O,) tendon, (T, S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) behind the two ankle-bones, (T, A, Mgh, Msb,) above the heel; (S, O, K;) the thing that conjoins the shank and the foot; (As, TA;) in a human being: (S, O, K:) pl. عَرَاقِيبُ. (TA, &c.) The saying of the Prophet, وَيْلٌ لِلْعَرَاقِيبِ مِنَ النَّارِ [ Woe to the heel-tendons from the fire of Hell] means, to him who neglects the washing of them (Mgh, Msb) in the [ablution termed] وُضُوْء. (Msb.) ― -b2- [In a beast, it is in some instances applied to The hock, or hough; i. e.] the عُرْقُوب of a beast is that which, in its hind leg, corresponds to the رَكْبَة [or knee ] in its fore leg: (S, O, K:) [in other instances, it is applied to the tendon of the hock, or hough; i. e., to the hamstring; for, as] As says, in every quadruped, the عُرْقُوبَانِ are in the hind legs, and the رُكْبَتَانِ in the fore legs; (S, O, TA;) and the عُرْقُوب of the horse is the tendon that conjoins the part wherein meet the وَظِيف [here meaning the metatarsus ] and the سَاق [here meaning the tibia ]: (TA: [he says “ of the horse, ” instead of using a more comprehensive term, app. because he is describing that animal:]) it is, in a quadruped, the tendon that [ corresponds to that which in a human being ] is behind the two ankle-bones, between the joint of the foot and the shank: in a human being it is a little above the heel. (TA, from an explanation of a trad. [This last explanation evidently employs terms according to their applications in the comparative anatomy of quadrupeds and human beings, and therefore requires the words which I have supplied. That عُرْقُوبٌ, in relation to a beast, signifies the hocktendon is well known: and that it also signifies the hock itself is shown by a usage of the verb عَرْقَبَ (for it is by raising the hocks that a man assists a camel to stand up), and by an explanation voce رُكْبَةٌ.]) شَرٌّ مَا أَجَاآءَكَ اـِلَى مُخَّةِ عُرْقُوبٍ [ It is an evil thing that has compelled thee to have recourse to the marrow of a hock ] (K, TA) is a prov. (TA) applied to him who seeks to obtain a thing from a mean, or sordid, person; (K, TA;) for the عرقوب has no marrow. (TA.) And one says, فُلَانٌ يَضْرِبُ العَرَاقِيبَ ويَقْرَعُ الظَّنَابِيبَ [ Such a one smites the hock-tendons of camels to slaughter them, and strikes the shins of camels to make them lie down that he may mount them in haste]; meaning that he entertains guests and gives aid, or succour. (A.) ― -b3- عُرْقُوبُ الأَسَدِ is a name of The Thirteenth Mansion of the Moon. (Kzw: see العَوَّاآءُ, in art. عو.) ― -b4- طَيْرُ عُرْقُوبٍ is an appellation given to Any bird from which one augurs evil to camels, because it wounds them in the hocks or hock-tendons (يُعَرْقِبُهَا). (Meyd, TA.) The Arabs say that when the bird called أَخْيَل [q. v.] lights upon a camel, its hocks, or hock-tendons, will assuredly be laid bare: and accord. to the [O and] K, طَيْرُ العَرَاقِيبِ is an appellation of The [ bird called ] شِقِرَّاق [which is said in the S &c. to be the same as the أَخْيَل]; and [Sgh and SM add that] they regard it as of evil omen. (TA.) ― -b5- عُرْقُوبُ القَطَا means The سَاق [or shank ] of the قطا [or sand-grouse ]. (S, O, K.) To this a thing is hyperbolically likened to denote its shortness: one says يَوْمٌ أَقْصَرُ مِنْ عُرْقُوبِ القَطَا [ A day shorter than the shank of the katà ]: (L, TA:) and a poet says, (S, &c.,) namely, El-Find Ez-Zimmánee, (O, L, TA,) or, accord. to Seer, Imra-el- Keys Ibn-'Ábis, (IB, L, TA,) وَنَبْلِى وَفُقَاهَا كَعَرَاقِيبِ قَطًا طُحْلِ [ And my arrows, with their notches, like the shanks of ash-coloured sand-grouse ]. (S, O, L, TA.) ― -b6- عُرْقُوبٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A turning, or bending, part of a valley: (K:) or a part of a valley in which is a great turning or bending. (S, O.) And A road in a mountain: (K:) or a narrow road in a mountain: or a road in a deep valley, in which only one can walk. (TA.) And [the pl.] عَرَاقِيبُ, (tropical:) The prominences, or projecting parts, of mountains: (O, K, TA:) and the most distant, or far-extending, roads, or ways, thereof: (Aboo-Kheyreh, O, TA:) for [in travelling mountains,] you follow the most easy way, wherever it be: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) or the narrow roads or ways, in the hard and elevated parts, of moun- tains. (S, O, K.) And [hence, app.,] عَرَاقِيبُ الأُمُورِ (assumed tropical:) Great and difficult affairs: (S, O, K:) as also عَرَاقِيلُهَا. (S, O.) ― -b7- And A mountain always crowned with clouds, not rained upon. (TA.) ― -b8- Also (assumed tropical:) Artifice, craft, or cunning; or a stratagem, or trick. (O, K. [See Q. 1, last signification.]) ― -b9- And (assumed tropical:) Knowledge (عِرْفَان) of an argument, a plea, an allegation, or a proof. (O, K.) -A2- Also the name of a certain man of the Amalekites, (S, O, K, TA,) or, (so says Ibn-El-Kelbee, O,) of the Benoo-Abd-Shems-Ibn-Saad, (Jm, O, TA,) but this is said to be of no authority, (O,) or of El-Ows, (Jm, TA,) the greatest liar of his time, (K,) proverbial for breach of promises: (S, O:) El-Ashja'ee (whose name was Jubeyhà, O, K) says, وَعَدْتَ وَكَانَ الخُلْفُ مِنْكَ سَجِيَّةً مَوَاعِيدَ عُرْقُوبٍ أَخَاهُ بِيَتْرَبِ (S, O, K, TA) i. e. (tropical:) Thou promisedst, but breach of promise was an inherent quality of thee, like the promises of 'Orkoob to his brother in Yetreb; which is in El-Yemámeh; or, as some relate it, بِيَثْرِب, i. e. El-Medeeneh, or, as some say, the land of the Benoo-Saad; but the former is the more correct. (TA. [See also Har p. 160.]) And one says, هُوَ أَكْذَبُ مِنْ عُرْقُوبِ يَتْرَبَ (tropical:) [ He is more mendacious than 'Orkoob of Yetreb ]. (A, TA.)