ضرب

1 ضَرَبَهُ ذ , aor. ضَرِبَ , (S, O, K, &c.,) inf. n. ضَرْبٌ, (S, O, &c.,) [ He beat, struck, smote, or hit, him, or it; ] and ↓ ضرّبهُ [signifies the same in an intensive sense, i. e. he beat, &c., him, or it, much, or violently; or in a frequentative sense, i. e. several, or many, times: or rather ضرّب is used in relation to several, or many, objects, as will be shown in what follows]: (K:) accord. to Er-Rághib, الضَّرْبُ signifies the making a thing to fall upon another thing; and, as some say, the making it to fall with violence, or vehemence. (TA.) You say, ضَرَبَهُ بِهِ [ He struck him, or it, with it ], i. e. with a sword, (A, Mgh, Msb), &c. (A, Msb.) And تَضْرِبُ فِى حَدِيدٍ بَارِدٍ [ Thou beatest upon cold iron ]: a prov. [expl. in art. حد]. (Har p. 633.) And ضَرَبْتُ زَيْدًا سَوْطًا, meaning بِسَوْطٍ [i. e. I struck Zeyd with a whip ], or ضَرْبَةَ سَوْطٍ [ a stroke of a whip ]: (M in art. سوط, q. v.:) and ضَرَبَهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ [ He struck him a hundred strokes of the whip ]. (S and K in art. سحل, &c.) And ضَرَبْتُ عُنُقَهُ [ I smote his neck, meaning I beheaded him ]; and الأَعْنَاقَ ↓ ضَرَّبْتُ [ I smote the necks, meaning I struck off the heads ]; the teshdeed denoting muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects]: AZ says that, when the object is one, the Arabs use only the former verb, without teshdeed; but when there is a plurality of objects, either of the verbs; (Msb;) [so that] one says, ضَرَبُوا أَعْنَاقَهُمْ [ They smote their necks, or beheaded them ], and أَمَرَ الرِّقَابِ ↓ بِتَضْرِيبِ [ He gave the order to smite the necks, or to strike off the heads ]: (A:) فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ in the Kur xlvii. 4 is originally فَا@ضْرِبُوا الرِّقَابَ ضَرْبًا [meaning Then do ye smite the necks, i. e. strike off the heads ]; (Bd;) the inf. n. being here put for its verb. (Jel.) [Respecting the phrase هُوَ ا@لْيَضْرِبُكَ, see 1 in art. جدع.] ― -b2- [Hence a variety of meanings and phrases here following.] ― -b3- ضَرَبَ كَلْبَهُ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ (assumed tropical:) [ He beat, or disciplined, or trained, his dog for the purpose of the chase ]: whence the phrases ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ جِرْوَتَهُ and ضَرَبَ جِرْوَةَ نَفْسِهِ and ضَرَبْتُ جِرْوَتِى عَنْهُ [expl. voce جِرْوَةٌ]. (Z, and TA in art. جرو.) ― -b4- لَا تُضْرَبُ أَكْبَادُ الاـِبِلِ اـِلَّا ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدَ (assumed tropical:) Camels shall not be ridden, save to three mosques: [namely, that of Mekkeh, that of El-Medeeneh, and that of El-Aksà at Jerusalem:] a trad. (TA. [See also 4 in art. عمل.]) ― -b5- [ضَرَبَ بِهِ الأَرْضَ, lit. He smote with him, or it, the ground; meaning (assumed tropical:) he cast, threw, or flung, him, or it, upon the ground. And ضَرَبَ بِسَلْحِهِ الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) He cast forth his excrement, or ordure, upon the ground. ] And [hence] ضَرَبَ الأَرْضَ and الغَائِطَ (tropical:) He voided excrement, or ordure; (A, TA;) and so الخَلَاآءَ. (TA.) [ضَرَبَ بِنَفْسِهِ الأَرْضَ see expl. in the latter half of this paragraph.] ― -b6- ضَرَبْتُ القَوْسَ بِالمِضْرَبِ I struck the string of the bow with the wooden implement [or mallet ] used in separating cotton. (Msb.) ― -b7- ضَرَبَ العُودَ [ He struck the chords of the lute; meaning he played upon the lute; and so ضَرَبَ بِالعُودِ]. (S.) ― -b8- ضَرَبَ الوَتِدَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He beat [or knocked or struck ] the tent-peg, or stake, so that it became firm in the ground. (Lh, TA.) And [hence] ضَرَبَ الخَيْمَةَ (tropical:) He pitched the tent, by knocking in its pegs with a mallet: (Kull p. 231:) or he set up the tent. (Msb.) ― -b9- ضَرَبَ الدِّرْهَمَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He struck, coined, or minted, the dirhem, or piece of money. (TA.) And ضَرَبَ عَلَى ا@سمِهِ (assumed tropical:) [ He struck, coined, or minted, money in his name ]. (ISd, TA in art. جوز.) ― -b10- ضَرَبَ عَلَى المَكْتُوبِ (tropical:) He sealed, or stamped, the writing. (A, * TA.) [And ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He erased it; namely, anything written.] ― -b11- ضَرَبَ الطِّينَ عَلَى الجِدَارِ (assumed tropical:) [ He stuck, or applied, the mud upon the wall, as a plaster]. (TA.) ― -b12- Hence, accord. to some, the phrase ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ا@لذِّلَّةُ, in the Kur ii. 58, considered as meaning (assumed tropical:) Vileness was made to cleave to them: or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) encompassed them, like as the tent encompasses him over whom it is pitched. (Ksh, Bd.) And [in like manner] one says, ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ضَرِيبَةٌ (tropical:) An impost, of the tax called جِزْيَة, &c., was imposed upon them. (A, * Mgh, Msb. *) And ضَرَبَ عَلَى العَبْدِ الأِتَاوَةَ (tropical:) He imposed upon the slave the tax according to a fixed time. (TA. [See ضِريبَةٌ.]) And ضُربَ عَلَيْهِمُ البَعْثُ (assumed tropical:) The being sent to the war was appointed them and imposed upon them as an obligation. (Mgh in art. بعث.) ― -b13- ضَرَبَ الشَّبَكَةَ عَلَى الطَّائِرِ (assumed tropical:) He cast the net over the bird: (Mgh:) and ضُرِبَ الفَخُّ عَلَى الطَّائِرِ (tropical:) [ The snare was cast over the bird ]. (A, TA.) ― -b14- ضَرَبَ اللَّيْلُ بِأَرُوَاقِهِ (assumed tropical:) [ The night cast its folds of darkness; ] meaning the night came. (TA.) [And (assumed tropical:) The night became dark, or was dark; as appears from the following verse.] Homeyd says, سَرَى مِثْلَ نَبْضِ العِرْقِ وَاللَّيْلُ ضَارِبٌ بِأرْوَاقِهِ وَالصُّبْحُ قَدْ كَادَ يَسْطَعُ (assumed tropical:) [ He went on in his night-journey, like the pulsing of the vein, while the night was casting its folds of darkness over the earth, and the dawn had almost risen ]. (TA. [See also ضَارِبٌ.]) You say also, ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ حِجَابًا (assumed tropical:) [ He put, or let down, a veil, or curtain, or covering, over him, or it ]. (TA.) And ضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمَا سَدٌّ (assumed tropical:) [ A barrier was set between them two ]. (A in art. سد.) ضَرَبْنَا عَلَى اآذَانِهِمْ [in the Kur xviii. 10] means (tropical:) We prevented their sleeping; (K, TA;) as though by putting a covering over their ears; a metonymical [...]