ان

اـِنٌ أن اـن ان ونى آن is used in various ways: first, as a conditional particle, (S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K,) denoting the happening of the second of two events in consequence of the happening of the first, (S, Msb, *) whether the second be immediate or deferred, and whether the condition be affirmative or negative; (Msb;) [and as such it is followed by a mejzoom aor., or by a pret. having the signification of an aor.;] as in the saying, [اـِنْ تَفْعَلٌ أفْعَلٌ If thou do such a thing, I will do it; and] اـِنْ تَأْتِنِى اآتِكَ [ If thou come to me, I will come to thee ]; and اـِنٌ جِئْتَنِى أَكْرَمْتُكَ [ If thou come to me, I will treat thee with honour ]; (S;) and اـِنْ فَعَلْتَ فَعَلْتُ [ If thou do, I will do ] for which the tribe of Teiyi say, as IJ relates on the authority of Ktr, هِنْ فَعَلْتَ فَعَلْتُ; (M;) and اـِنْ دَخَلْت الدَّارَ أَوٌ [ If thou stand, I will stand ]; and اـِنْ دَخَلْتِ الدَّارَ أَوْ لَمْ تَدْخُلِى الدَّارض فَأَنْتِ طَالقٌ [ If thou enter the house, or if thou enter not the house, thou shalt be divorced ]; (Msb;) and [in the Kur viii. 39,] اـِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرٌ لَهُمْ مَا قَد سَلَفَ [ If they desist, what hath already past shall be forgiven them ]; and [in verse 19 of the same ch.,] وَاـِنْ تَعُودُوا نَعُدْ [ But if ye return to attacking the Apostle, we will return to assisting him]. (Mughnee, K.) [On the difference between it and اـِذا, see the latter.] When either it or اـِذَا is immediately followed by a noun in the nom. case, the said noun is governed in that case by a verb necessarily suppressed, of which it is the agent; as in the saying, in the Kur [ix. 6], وَاـِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ ا@لْمُشْرِكِينَ ا@ستَجَارَكَ; the complete phrase being وَاـِنِ اسْتَجَارَكَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ ا@لْمُشْرِكِينَ ا@سْتَجَارَكَ [ And if any one of the believers in a plurality of gods demand protection of thee, (if) he demand protection of thee ]: so accord. to the generality of the grammarians. (I 'Ak p. 123.) Sometimes it is conjoined with the negative لَا, and the ignorant may imagine it to be the exceptive اـِلَّا; as in [the saying in the Kur ix. 40,] اـِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَد نَصَرَهُ ا@للّٰهُ [ If ye will not aid him, certainly God did aid him ]; and [in the next preceding verse,] اـِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ [ If ye will not go forth to war, He will punish you ]. (Mughnee, K. *) It is sometimes used to denote one's feigning himself ignorant; as when you say to one who asks, “ Is thy child in the house? ” and thou hast knowledge thereof, اـِنْ كَانَ فِى الدَّارِ أَعْلَمْتُكَ بِهِ [ If he be in the house, I will inform thee thereof ]. (Msb.) And to denote one's putting the knowing in the predicament of the ignorant, in order to incite to the doing or continuing an action; as when you say, اـِنٌ كُنْتَ ا@بُنِى فَأَطِعْنِى [ If thou be my son, obey me ]; as though you said, “ Thou knowest that thou art my son, and it is incumbent on the son to obey the father, and thou art not obedient; therefore do what thou art commanded to do. ” (Msb.) And sometimes it is divested of the conditional meaning, and becomes syn. with لَو; as in the saying, صَلِّ وَاـِنٌ عَجَزْتَ عَنِ القِيَام [ Pray thou though thou be unable to stand; ] i. e. pray thou whether thou be able to stand or unable to do so; and in the saying, أَكْرِمٌ زِيْدًا وَاـِنْ قَعَدَ i. e. [ Treat thou Zeyd with honour ] though he be sitting; or, whether he sit or not. (Msb.) [اـِمَّا as a compound of the conditional اـِنٌ and the redundant مَا, see in an art. of which اما is the heading.] ― -b2- [Secondly,] it is a negative, (S, Mughnee, K,) syn. with مَا; (S;) and is put before a nominal proposition; (Mughnee, K;) as in the saying [in the Kur lxvii. 20], اـِنِ ا@لْكَافِرُونَ اـِلَّا فِى غُرُورٍ [ The unbelievers are not in aught save in a deception ]; (S, Mughnee, K;) and before a verbal proposition; as in [the Kur ix. 108,] اـِنْ أَرَدْنَا اـِلَّا ا@لْحُسْنَى [ We desired not, or meant not, aught save that which is best ]. (Mughnee, K.) The assertion of some, that the negative اـِنٌ does not occur except where it is followed by اـِلَّا, as in the instances cited above, or by لَمَّا, with tesh-deed, which is syn. therewith, as, accord. to a reading of some of the Seven [Readers], in the saying [in the Kur lxxxvi. 4], اـِنْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ لَمَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌ, i. e., مَا كُلُّ نَفْسٍ اـِلَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌ [ There is not any soul but over it is a guardian ], is refuted by the sayings in the Kur [x. 69 and lxxii. 26], اـِنْ عِندَكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ بِهٰذَا [meaning, accord. to the Jel., Ye have no proof of this that ye say], and اـِنْ أَدْرِيأَقَرِيبٌ مَا تُوعَدُونَ [ I know not whether that with which ye are threatened be nigh ]. (Mughnee, K. *) The conditional and the negative both occur in the saying in the Kur [xxxv. 39], وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا اـِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ [ And I swear that, if they should quit their place, not any one should withhold them after Him ]: the former is conditional; and the latter is negative, and is [part of] the complement of the oath which is denoted by the ل prefixed to the former; the complement of the condition being necessarily suppressed. (Mughnee.) When it is put before a nominal proposition, it has no government, accord. to Sb and Fr; but Ks and Mbr allow its governing in the manner of لَيْسَ; and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr reads, [in the Kur vii. 193,] اـِنِ ا@لَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ ا@للّٰهِ عِبَادًا أَمْثَالَكُمٌ [ Those whom ye invoke beside God, or others than God, are not men like you ]: also, the people of El-'Áliyeh have been heard to say, اـِنٌ أَحَدٌ خَيْرًامِنْ أَحدٍ اـِلَّا بِالعَافِيَةِ [ Any one is not better than any other one, except by means of health, or soundness ]; and اـِنْ ذٰلِكَ نَافِعَكَ وَلَا ضَارَّكَ [ That is not profitable to thee nor injurious to thee ]: as an ex. of its occurrence without government, which is mostly the case, the saying of some, قَائمٌ ↓ اـِنَّ may be explained as originally اـِنٌ أَنَا قَائِمٌ [ I am not standing ]; the أ [...]