الا

اـِلَّا ألا أنلا اـلا الا آل آلا , [regarded as a simple word,] not to be confounded with the compound of the conditional اـِنْ and the negative لَا, (Mughnee at the end of the article on this word,) is used in four manners. (The same in the beginning of the art.) First, (Mughnee,) it is used (as a particle, S, Msb,) to denote exception; [meaning Except, save, or saving; and sometimes but; and sometimes but not; as will be seen below;] (T, S, Msb, Mughnee, K; [in which last it is mentioned in art. ال, and again, as in the S, in the last division of the work;]) and to denote exception, it is used in five manners; after an affirmation, and a negation, and a portion of a sentence devoid of the mention of that from which the exception is made, and when the thing excepted precedes that from which the exception is made, and when these two are disunited in kind, in which last case it has the meaning of لٰكِنَّ [ but when the sentence is negative, and but not when the sentence is affirmative]. (S, TA.) You say, قَامَ القَوْمُ اـِلَّا زَيْدًا [ The people, or company of men, stood, except Zeyd ]; i. e., Zeyd was not included in the predicament of the people, or company of men: (Msb:) and it is said in the Kur [ii. 250], (T,) فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ اـِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ [ And they drank of it, except a few of them ]: (T, Mughnee, K:) here قليلا is governed in the accus. case by الّا, (Mughnee, K,) accord. to the most correct opinion: (Mughnee:) accord. to Th, it is so because there is no negation in the beginning of the sentence. (T.) And it is also said in the Kur [iv. 69], (T,) مَا فَعَلُوهُ اـِلَّا قَلِيلٌ مِنْهُمْ [ They had not done it, or they would not do it, except a few of them ]: (T, Mughnee, K:) here قليل is in the nom. case as being a partial substitute, (Mughnee, K,) accord. to the Basrees, (Mughnee,) i. e., as being a [partial] substitute for the [pronoun] و [in فعلوه], for it may here be so without perversion of the meaning, whereas it cannot be so without such perversion when the sentence is affirmative: (TA:) accord. to the Koofees, الّا is a conjunction, like the conjunctive لَا: (Mughnee:) accord. to Th, قليل is here in the nom. case because the sentence commences with a negative: (T:) or in a sentence [like this,] which is not affirmative, in which the thing excepted is united in kind to that from which the exception is made, accord. to the opinion which is generally preferred and which commonly obtains, the noun signifying the thing excepted is a substitute for the noun signifying that from which the exception is made; but it is allowable to put it in the accus. case according to the general rule respecting exception; so that one says, مَا قَامَ أَحَدٌ اـِلَّا زَيْدٌ and اـِلَّا زَيْدًا [ There stood not any one, except Zeyd ]: and the same is the case in a prohibitive sentence; as in لَا يَقُمْ أَحَدٌ اـِلَّا زَيْدٌ and اـِلَّا زَيْدًا [ Let not any one stand, except Zeyd ]; and in an interrogative sentence; as in هَلْ قَامَ أَحَدٌ اـِلَّا زَيْدٌ and اـِلَّا زَيْدًا [ Did any one stand, except Zeyd? ]; when, in such sentences, the thing excepted is united in kind to that from which the exception is made. (I 'Ak p. 162.) You say also, مَا جَاآءَنِى اـِلَّا زَيْدٌ [ There came not to me any, save Zeyd ], without mentioning that from which the exception is made; (TA;) and مَا ضَرَبْتُ اـِلَّا زَيْدًا [ I beat not any, save Zeyd ]; and مَا مَرَرْتُ اـِلَّا بِزَيْدٍ [ I passed not by any, save by Zeyd ]; (I' Ak p. 164;) the case of the noun signifying the thing excepted being the same as if الّا were not mentioned: (I' Ak ubi suprà, and TA:*) but you may not say, affirmatively, ضَرَبْتُ اـِلَّا زَيْدًا, or the like. (I 'Ak ubi suprà.) When the thing excepted precedes that from which the exception is made, if the sentence is affirmative, the noun signifying the former must be in the accus. case; as in قَامَ اـِلَّا زَيْدًا القَوْمُ [ Except Zeyd, the people, or company of men, stood ]: and so, accord. to the usage generally preferred, when the sentence is not affirmative; as in مَاقَامَ اـِلَّا زَيْدًا القَوْمُ [ Except Zeyd, the people, or company of men, stood not ]; but recorded instances allow one's saying also, مَا قَامَ اـِلَّا زَيْدٌ القَوْمُ. (I 'Ak p. 163.) When the thing excepted is disunited in kind from that from which the exception is made, if the sentence is affirmative, the noun signifying the former must likewise be in the accus. case; as in قَامَ القَوْمُ اـِلَّا حِمَارًا [ The people, or company of men, stood, but not an ass ], and ضَرَبْتُ القَوْمَ اـِلَّا حِمَارًا [ I beat the people, but not an ass ], &c.: (I' Ak p. 162:) and so, accord. to the generality of the Arabs, when the sentence is negative; as in مَا قَامَ القَوْمُ اـِلَّا حِمَارًا [ The people stood not, but an ass ]; (I' Ak p. 163;) and مَا رَأَيْتُ القَوْمَ اـِلَّا حِمَارًا [ I saw not the people, but an ass ]; الّا being here syn. with لٰكِنَّ; as also in the Kur [xlii. 22], where it is said, لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا اـِلَّا ا@لْمَوَدَةَ فِى ا@لقُرْبَى [ I ask not of you a recompense for it, but affection in respect of relationship ]; (Msb;) and in the same xx. 1 and 2, مَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ ا@لقُرْاآنَ لِتَشْقَى اـِلَّا تَذْكِرَةً [ We have not sent down unto thee the Kur-án that thou shouldest suffer fatigue, but as an admonition ]; (Bd, Jel;) or it is here syn. with بَلْ [which in this case means the same as لكنّ]: (S:) so, too, when the sentence resembles a negative, being prohibitive or interrogative; (I' Ak p. 163, explained in p. 162;) [thus, لَا تَضْرِبِ القَوْمَ اـِلَّا حِمَارًا means Beat not thou the people, but an ass; and] فَلَولَا كَانَتْ قَرْيَةٌ اآمَنَتْ فَنَفَعَهَا اـِيمَانُهَا اـِلَّا قَوْمَ يُونُسَ [in the Kur x. 98] means And wherefore did not any inhabitants of a town believe, before the punishment befell them, and their belief profit them, but the people of Jonas? for these were different from the former. (T.) When اـِلَّا is repeated for the purpose of [...]