ادب

أَدَبٌ ذ , so termed because it invites men to the acquisition of praiseworthy qualities and dispositions, and forbids them from acquiring such as are evil, (T, Mgh,) signifies Discipline of the mind; and good qualities and attributes of the mind or soul: (Msb:) or every praiseworthy discipline by which a man is trained in any excellence: (AZ, Mgh, Msb:) [ good discipline of the mind and manners; good education; good breeding; good manners; politeness; polite accomplishments: ] i. q. ظَرْفٌ [as meaning excellence, or elegance, of mind, manners, address, and speech ]: and a good manner of taking or receiving [what is given or offered or imparted, or what is to be acquired]: (M, A, K:) or good qualities and attributes of the mind or soul, and the doing of generous or honourable actions: (El-Jawáleekee:) or the practice of what is praiseworthy both in words and actions: or the holding, or keeping, to those things which are approved, or deemed good: or the honouring of those who are above one, and being gentle, courteous, or civil, to those who are below one: (Towsheeh:) or a faculty which preserves him in whom it exists from what would disgrace him: (MF:) it is of two kinds, أَدَبُ النَّفْسِ [which embraces all the significations explained above], and أَدَبُ الدَّرْسِ [which signifies the discipline to be observed in the prosecution of study, by the disciple with respect to the preceptor, and by the preceptor with respect to the disciple: see ‘Haji Khalfæ Lexicon,’ Vol. I. p. 212]: (S, Btl, Mgh:) [also deportment, or a mode of conduct or behaviour, absolutely; for one speaks of good أَدَب and bad أَدَب:] the pl. is اآدَابٌ [which is often employed, and so is the sing. also, as signifying the rules of discipline to be observed in the exercise of a function, such as that of a judge, and of a governor; and in the exercise of an art, such as that of the disputer, and the orator, and the poet, and the scribe; &c.]. (Msb.) ― -b2- عِلْمُ الأَدَبِ signifies [ The science of philology; or] the science by which one guards against error in the language of the Arabs, with respect to words and with respect to writing; (‘Haji Khalfæ Lexicon,’ Vol. I. p. 215;) [and so, simply, الأَدَبُ: which is also used to signify polite literature: but in this sense, and like wise] as applied to the sciences relating to the Arabic language, [or the philological sciences, which are also termed ↓ العُلُومُ الأَدَبِيَّاتُ,] الأَدَبُ is a post-classical term, innovated in the time of El-Islám. (El-Jawá- leekee.) -A2- أَدَبُ البَحْرِ, (A, K,) or البَحْرِ ↓ أَدْبُ, (T, L,) (tropical:) The abundance of the water of the sea. (T, A, L, K.)