اثم

اـِثْمٌ أثم اـثم اثم آثم [accord. to some, an inf. n.; see أَثِمَ: accord. to others, only a simple subst., signifying] A sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience, syn. ذَنْبٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) for which one deserves punishment; differing from ذَنْبٌ inasmuch as this signifies both what is intentional and what is unintentional: (Kull:) or [so accord. to the M, but in the K “ and, ”] an unlawful deed: (M, K:) or a deed which retards from recompense: or, accord. to Fr, what is exclusive of the [ punishment termed ] حَدّ: accord. to Er-Rághib, it is a term of more general import than عُدَوانٌ: (TA:) ↓ مَأْثَمٌ [which is originally an inf. n. of أَثِمَ] is syn. with اـِثْمٌ; (T, * Mgh;) and so, too, is ↓ أَثَامٌ, (Msb,) or ↓ اـِثَامٌ, signifying a deed retarding recompense: (TA:) the pl. of اـِثْمٌ is اآثَامٌ: (M:) and the pl. of ↓ مَأْثَمٌ is مَاآثِمُ. (T.) ― -b2- [Sometimes it is prefixed to a noun or pronoun denoting its object: ― -b3- and sometimes it means (assumed tropical:) The punishment of a sin &c.: see explanations of a passage in the Kur v. 32, voce بَاآءَ.] ― -b4- Wine: (Aboo-Bekr El-Iyádee, T, S, M, K:) sometimes used in this sense; (S;) but tropically; not properly: (IAmb:) I think, [says ISd,] because the drinking thereof is what is thus termed. (M.) ― -b5- [And for a like reason,] (assumed tropical:) Contention for stakes, or wagers, in a game of hazard; syn. قِمَارٌ; (M, K;) which is a man's destruction of his property. (M.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 216, respecting wine and the game called المَيْسِر], قُلْ فِهِيمَا اـِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ [ Say thou, In them both are great sin and means of profit to men ]: and Th says, when they contended in a game of this kind, and won, they gave food and alms, and these were means of profit. (M.)