اثم

1 أَثِمَ ذ , (Lth, S, M, &c.,) aor. اَثَمَ , (Lth, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. اـِثْمٌ, (S, K,) or أَثَمٌ, the former being a simple subst., (Msb,) and مَأْثَمٌ, (S, K,) He fell into what is termed اـِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, * K *;) [ he sinned; committed a sin, or crime; ] he did what was unlawful: (M, * K:) and ↓ تَأْثِيمٌ signifies the same as اـِثْمٌ: (K:) it may be either an inf. n. of ↓ أَثَمَ, which [says ISd] I have not heard, or, as Sb holds it to be, a simple subst. like تَنْبِيتٌ: (M:) and is said to be used in the sense of اـِثْم in the Kur lii. 23 [and lvi. 24]. (TA.) [It should be added also, that ↓ تأْثَامٌ, like تَكْذَابٌ, is syn. with تأْثِيمٌ and اـِثْمٌ; and, like تأثيم, may be an inf. n. of ↓ أَثَّمَ, or a simple subst.: see an ex. voce بَرُوقٌ.] In the dial. of some of the Arabs, the first letter of the aor. is with kesr, as in تِعْلَمُ and نِعْلَمُ; and as the hemzeh in اـِثْمٌ is with kesr, the radical hemzeh [in the aor.] is changed into ى; so that they say اـِيثَمُ and تِيثَمُ [for اآثَمُ and تَأْثَمُ.] (TA.) In the saying, لَوْ قُلْتَ مَا فِى قَوْمَهَا لَمْ تِيثَمِ يَفْضُلَهَا فِى حَسَبٍ وَمِيسَمِ the meaning is, [ Shouldst thou say, thou wouldst not sin, or do wrong, in so saying,] There is not, among her people, any one who excels her [ in grounds of pretension to respect, and in impress, or character, of beauty ]. (M.) -A2- أَثَمَهُ اللّٰهُ فِى كَذَا, aor. اَثُمَ (S, K) and اَثِمَ , (S,) or اَثَمَ , (K,) but there is no other authority than the K for this last, nor is there any reason for it, as the medial radical letter is not faucial, nor is the final, and in the Iktitáf el-Azáhir the aor. is said to be اَثِمَ and اَثُمَ , (MF, TA,) [ God reckoned him to have sinned, or committed a crime or the like, in such a thing; or] God reckoned such a thing against him as an اـِثْم: (S, K:) or أَثَمَهُ, aor. اَثِمَ (Fr, T, M, Msb) and اَثُمَ , (Msb,) inf. n. أَثْمٌ (Fr, T, Msb) and أَثَامٌ (Fr, T, TA) and اـِثَامٌ, (Fr, TA,) He (God) requited him, (Fr, T,) or punished him, (M,) for what is termed اـِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (Fr, T, M:) [see also أَثَامٌ below:] or he (a man) pronounced him to be اآثم [i. e. a sinner, or the like ]: (Msb:) [or] ↓ اآثَمَهُ, aor. يَؤْثِمُهُ, has this last signification, said of God; and also signifies He found him to be so. (T.) ― -b2- You say also, أَثَمَتِ النَّاقَةُ المَشْىَ, aor. اَثِمَ , inf. n. أَثْمٌ, The she-camel was slow. (M.)