Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 4 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 19

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بَابُ وُجُوبِ الْجِهَادِ وَفَضْلِ الْغُدْوَةِ وَالرَّوْحَةِ.

Chapter: The Obligation of Jihad and the Virtue of Morning and Evening Expeditions.

قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا. دَرَجَاتٍ مِّنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا﴾ [النِّسَاءِ: ٩٥-٩٦].

Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] - other than the disabled - and the mujahideen, [who strive and fight] in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives. Allah has preferred the mujahideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain [behind], by degrees. And to both Allah has promised the best [reward]. But Allah has preferred the mujahideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward -

الشَّرْحُ: يَعْنِي: لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ، وَنَفْيُ الِاسْتِوَاءِ ظَاهِرٌ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُجَاهِدَ قَدْ بَذَلَ نَفْسَهُ وَمَالَهُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَالْقَاعِدُ خَائِفٌ إِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَثْنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ غَيْرُ الَّذِينَ يَتَضَرَّرُونَ إِذَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْجِهَادِ، وَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَصْنَافٍ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ﴾ [النُّورِ: ٦١]، وَكَذَلِكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ، أَوْ كَانُوا ضُعَفَاءَ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِن سَبِيلٍ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ﴾ [التَّوْبَةِ: ٩١].

Explanation: Those who stay behind and those who strive are not equal. This inequality is clear, as the mujahid has sacrificed his life and wealth for Allah, while the one who stays behind is held back—except for those whom Allah has exempted in His words, "other than the disabled," meaning those who would suffer harm if they went to fight. These are three categories mentioned by Allah: "There is no blame on the blind, nor on the lame, nor on the sick" [An-Nur: 61]. This also includes those who lack the means to spend or are physically weak, as Allah says: "There is no blame on the weak, the sick, or those who find nothing to spend, provided they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger. There is no path against the doers of good, and Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful." [At-Tawbah: 91].

وَالثَّالِثُ: مَنْ قَعَدُوا لِلتَّفَقُّهِ فِي الدِّينِ، لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُوا كَافَّةً فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ﴾ [التَّوْبَةِ: ١٢٢].

And it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn their people when they return to them that they might be cautious.

فَهَؤُلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَصْنَافٍ: الْأَوَّلُ: أُولُو الضَّرَرِ، وَالضُّعَفَاءُ.

These are the three categories: first, the disabled and the weak.

الثَّانِي: الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَالًا.

Second, those who lack the financial means.

الثَّالِثُ: مَنْ قَعَدُوا لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ مَعْذُورُونَ، إِمَّا لِوُجُودِ مَصْلَحَةٍ.

Third, those who stay behind to gain religious understanding. These are excused, as there is a clear benefit in their actions.

Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 43 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• اسْتَوَى — to be equal
• فَضَّلَ — to prefer
• وَعَدَ — to promise
• كَانَ — to be
• بَذَلَ — to sacrifice
• عَزَّ — to be mighty
• جَلَّ — to be majestic
• اسْتَثْنَى — to except
• تَضَرَّرَ — to be harmed
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• وَجَدَ — to find
• أَنْفَقَ — to spend
• نَصَحَ — to advise
• قَعَدَ — to sit
• تَفَقَّهَ — to gain religious understanding
• نَفَرَ — to go forth
• أَنْذَرَ — to warn
• رَجَعَ — to return
• حَذِرَ — to beware
• بَابٌ — chapter
• وُجُوبٌ — obligation
• جِهَادٌ — jihad
• فَضْلٌ — virtue
• غُدْوَةٌ — morning journey
• رَوْحَةٌ — evening journey
• قَاعِدٌ — those who stay behind
• مُؤْمِنٌ — believer
• ضَرَرٌ — harm
• مُجَاهِدٌ — fighter
• سَبِيلٌ — path
• مَالٌ — wealth
• نَفْسٌ — self
• دَرَجَةٌ — degree
• حُسْنَى — best
• أَجْرٌ — reward
• عَظِيمٌ — great
• مَغْفِرَةٌ — forgiveness
• رَحْمَةٌ — mercy
• غَفُورٌ — forgiving
• رَحِيمٌ — merciful
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• نَفْيٌ — negation
• اسْتِوَاءٌ — equality
• ظَاهِرٌ — apparent
• خَائِفٌ — fearful
• ثَلَاثَةٌ — three
• صِنْفٌ — category
• أَعْمَى — blind man
• حَرَجٌ — difficulty
• أَعْرَجٌ — lame
• مَرِيضٌ — sick man
• ضَعِيفٌ — the weak
• بَدَنٌ — body
• مُحْسِنٌ — doer of good
• دِينٌ — religion
• كَافَّةٌ — all
• فِرْقَةٌ — group
• طَائِفَةٌ — faction
• قَوْمٌ — people
• مَعْذُورٌ — excused
• وُجُودٌ — existence
• مَصْلَحَةٌ — interest