Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 4 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ رِيَاضِ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.

(from previous page) ⟵ And Allah Almighty said: "Go forth, whether light or heavy, and strive with your wealth and your lives in the cause of Allah."

سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ.

The way of Allah.

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَاسْتَبْشِرُوا بِبَيْعِكُمُ الَّذِي بَايَعْتُمْ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ﴾.

The Almighty says: "Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their wealth in exchange for Paradise. They fight in the way of Allah, killing and being killed. This is a true promise binding upon Him in the Torah, the Gospel, and the Quran. Who is truer to his covenant than Allah? Rejoice in the transaction you have made, for that is the supreme triumph."

الشَّرْحُ: سَاقَ الْمُؤَلِّفُ الْحَافِظُ النَّوَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ آيَاتٍ مِنَ الْجِهَادِ مِنْهَا مَا سَبَقَ، وَمِنْهَا مَا يَلْحَقُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ﴾.

Commentary: The author, Imam al-Nawawi, may Allah have mercy on him, presents verses regarding jihad, some of which have already been mentioned and others which will follow, Allah willing. Among them is the Almighty's saying: "Fighting has been enjoined upon you."

وَقَدْ سَبَقَ أَنَّهُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ، وَأَعْدَاءَهُمْ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَالشُّيُوعِيِّينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، كُلُّ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِمُسْلِمٍ فَالْوَاجِبُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوهُ حَتَّى تَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا، وَذَلِكَ إِمَّا بِإِسْلَامِ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَإِمَّا بِأَنْ يَبْذُلُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ، نَحْنُ لَا نُكْرِهُهُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، لَا نَقُولُ: لَا بُدَّ أَنْ تُسْلِمُوا، وَلَكِنْ نَقُولُ: لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِسْلَامُ هُوَ الظَّاهِرُ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُسْلِمُوا وَحَيَّاكُمُ اللَّهُ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَبْقَوْا عَلَى دِينِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ أَعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَأَنْتُمْ صَاغِرُونَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا لَا الْإِسْلَامَ، وَلَا الْجِزْيَةَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْنَا قِتَالُهُمْ، وَلَكِنْ يَجِبُ قَبْلَ قِتَالِهِمْ أَنْ نُعِدَّ مَا اسْتَطَعْنَا مِنْ قُوَّةٍ: لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ﴾.

It has been established that Muslims are obligated to fight the enemies of Allah and their own enemies—whether Jews, Christians, polytheists, communists, or others. Every non-Muslim must be fought until the word of Allah is supreme. This is achieved either through their conversion to Islam or by their payment of the jizya while in a state of submission. We do not force them to convert; we do not demand they become Muslim, but we do insist that Islam remain the dominant authority. If they convert, they are welcomed. If they choose to remain in their faith, they must pay the jizya in submission. Should they refuse both Islam and the jizya, we are obligated to fight them. However, before doing so, we must prepare whatever strength we can, as the Almighty commands: "Prepare against them whatever power you are able."

وَالْقُوَّةُ نَوْعَانِ: قُوَّةٌ مَعْنَوِيَّةٌ، وَقُوَّةٌ مَادِّيَّةٌ حِسِّيَّةٌ.

Power is of two types: spiritual power and material, tangible power.

الْقُوَّةُ الْمَعْنَوِيَّةُ هِيَ الْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَبْدَأَ بِجِهَادِ غَيْرِنَا، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى تِجَارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَتُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾.

Spiritual power consists of faith in Allah and righteous deeds, which must precede any jihad against others. The Almighty says: "O you who believe, shall I guide you to a trade that will save you from a painful punishment? Believe in Allah and His Messenger, and strive in the way of Allah with your wealth and your lives. That is better for you, if you only knew."

فَالْإِيمَانُ قَبْلَ الْجِهَادِ.

Faith, therefore, comes before jihad.

Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 57 nouns)

• صَلَّى — to pray
• قَالَ — to say
• اشْتَرَى — to buy
• قَاتَلَ — to fight
• قَتَلَ — to kill
• أَوْفَى — to fulfill
• اسْتَبْشَرَ — to rejoice
• بَايَعَ — to pledge allegiance
• سَاقَ — to drive
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• لَحِقَ — to follow
• شَاءَ — to will
• كَتَبَ — to write
• بَذَلَ — to offer
• أَكْرَهَ — to force
• أَسْلَمَ — to submit
• حَيَّا — to greet
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• أَعْطَى — to give
• أَبَى — to refuse
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• أَعَدَّ — to prepare
• اسْتَطَاعَ — to be able
• بَدَأَ — to begin
• أَدَلَّ — to guide
• نَجَّى — to save
• آمَنَ — to believe
• جَاهَدَ — to struggle
• عَلِمَ — to know
• شَرْح — explanation
• رَوْضَة — garden
• صَالِح — righteous person
• كَلَام — speech
• سَيِّد — master
• مُرْسَل — messenger
• سَبِيل — path
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• نَفْس — soul
• مَال — wealth
• جَنَّة — paradise
• وَعْد — promise
• حَقّ — truth
• تَوْرَاة — Torah
• إِنْجِيل — Gospel
• قُرْآن — Quran
• عَهْد — covenant
• بَيْع — sale
• فَوْز — success
• عَظِيم — great
• مُؤَلِّف — author
• حَافِظ — memorizer
• آيَة — verse
• جِهَاد — struggle
• قَوْل — saying
• قِتَال — fighting
• بَقَرَة — cow
• وَاجِب — duty
• مُسْلِم — Muslim
• عَدُوّ — enemy
• يَهُودِيّ — Jew
• نَصْرَانِيّ — Christian
• مُشْرِك — polytheist
• شُيُوعِيّ — communist
• غَيْر — other
• كَلِمَة — word
• عُلْيَا — highest
• إِسْلَام — Islam
• جِزْيَة — tribute
• يَد — hand
• صَاغِر — submissive
• بُدّ — alternative
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• دِين — religion
• قُوَّة — power
• نَفَل — spoils
• نَوْع — type
• مَعْنَوِيّ — spiritual
• مَادِّيّ — material
• حِسِّيّ — sensory
• إِيمَان — faith
• عَمَل — deed
• تِجَارَة — trade
• عَذَاب — punishment
• أَلِيم — painful
• رَسُول — messenger
• خَيْر — good