Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 3 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 477

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بَابُ فَضْلِ مَن مَاتَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ.

(from previous page) ⟵ Al-Bukhari extracted it in the Book of Knowledge, Chapter: Is a separate day to be made for women in knowledge?, number (101), and Muslim: Book of Piety, Maintaining Kinship, and Manners, Chapter: The virtue of one whose child dies and he seeks reward for it, Chapter: The virtue of one whose young children die.

الشَّرْحُ: قَالَ الْمُؤَلِّفُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ (رِيَاضِ الصَّالِحِينَ): «بَابُ فَضْلِ مَن مَاتَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ»، يَعْنِي: بَابَ الْفَضْلِ الَّذِي يُعْطَى إِيَّاهُ مَن مَاتَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ، يَعْنِي: فَاحْتَسَبَ الْأَجْرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَصَبَرَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ حَدِيثَ أَنَسٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ، وَكُلُّهَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى فَضْلِ ذَلِكَ، أَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا مَاتَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحِنْثَ - يَعْنِي: لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا - فَإِنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَوْلَادَ الصِّغَارَ هُم مَحَلُّ الرَّحْمَةِ، فَالْأَوْلَادُ إِذَا كَبِرُوا اسْتَقَلُّوا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُن عِندَ وَالِدِهِم مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ لَهُمْ كَالرَّحْمَةِ الَّتِي عِنْدَهُ لِلْأَوْلَادِ الصِّغَارِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ صِغَارٌ وَمَاتُوا وَاحْتَسَبَ الْأَجْرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَهُم ثَلَاثَةٌ، فَإِنَّهُم يَكُونُونَ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ، فَلَا تَمَسُّهُ النَّارُ إِلَّا تَحِلَّةَ الْقَسَمِ، يُرِيدُ بِـ (تَحِلَّةِ الْقَسَمِ) قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِن مِّنكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَّقْضِيًّا ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوا وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا﴾.

Explanation: The author—may Allah have mercy on him—writes in his book, Riyad as-Salihin, "Chapter: The Virtue of Those Who Lose Young Children." This refers to the reward granted to parents whose young children pass away, provided they remain patient and seek their reward from Allah, the Almighty. He cites the hadiths of Anas, Abu Hurairah, and Abu Sa'id, may Allah be pleased with them, all of which highlight this virtue. When a person loses children who have not yet reached the age of accountability—meaning they have not reached puberty—those children serve as a shield against the Fire, owing to the mercy shown to them. Young children are the focus of such tenderness; once they grow up, they become independent, and a parent's feelings toward them change. If a parent loses three young children and remains patient, seeking reward from Allah, they become a shield against the Fire. It will not touch him except for the fulfillment of the oath. By "fulfillment of the oath," he refers to Allah's words: "There is not one of you but will pass over it; this is a decree which your Lord has determined. Then We will save those who feared Allah and leave the wrongdoers within it, on their knees."

وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي اجْتِمَاعِ النِّسَاءِ حَتَّى أَتَى إِلَيْهِنَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَعَلَّمَهُنَّ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَخْبَرَهُنَّ أَنَّهُ: «مَا مِنْكُنَّ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ تُقَدِّمُ ثَلَاثَةً مِنَ الْوَلَدِ إِلَّا كَانُوا لَهَا حِجَابًا مِنَ النَّارِ» فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ: وَاثْنَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَاثْنَيْنِ»، وَعَلَى هَذَا فَيَكُونُ هَذَا مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ - أَيْضًا - أَنَّهُ إِذَا مَاتَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ اثْنَانِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ ذُكُورًا أَوْ إِنَاثًا - ثُمَّ صَبَرَ وَاحْتَسَبَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ حِجَابًا مِنَ النَّارِ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُوَفِّقُ.

In the hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) met with a group of women to teach them what Allah had taught him. He told them, "Any woman among you who loses three of her children will have them as a veil from the Fire." A woman asked, "What about two?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied, "And two." This shows the bounty of Allah: if a person loses two children, whether male or female, and remains patient while seeking reward, they too will serve as a veil from the Fire. Allah is the Grantor of success.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (25 verbs · 24 nouns)

• مَاتَ — to die
• قَالَ — to say
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• بَابٌ — chapter
• فَضْلٌ — virtue
• وَلَدٌ — child