Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 229

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

النَّوَاسِخُ : كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا

Abrogators: Kana and its sisters.

الصِّلَةُ عَلَى الْمَوْصُولِ ؛ لِأَنَّ ( مَا ) هَذِهِ مَوْصُولٌ حَرْفِيٌّ يُقَدَّرُ بِالْمَصْدَرِ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ ، وَإِنْ قَدَّمْتَهُ عَلَى ( دَامَ ) دُونَ ( مَا ) لَزِمَ الْفَصْلُ بَيْنَ الْمَوْصُولِ الْحَرْفِيِّ وَصِلَتِهِ ، وَذَلِكَ لَا يَجُوزُ ؛ لَا تَقُولُ : « عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا زَيْدًا تَصْحَبُ » ، وَإِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَوْصُولِ الِاسْمِيِّ ، غَيْرِ الْأَلِفِ وَاللَّامِ ؛ تَقُولُ : ( جَاءَنِي الَّذِي زَيْدًا ضَرَبَ ) ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ فِي نَحْوِ : ( جَاءَ الضَّارِبُ زَيْدًا ) أَنْ تُقَدِّمَ زَيْدًا عَلَى ضَارِبٍ

The connection must follow the relative particle because this 'ma' is a particle that functions as an infinitive, as we explained earlier. Placing it before 'dama' without 'ma' would force a separation between the particle and its connection, which is impermissible. You cannot say, 'I was amazed at what Zayd you accompany.' This is only allowed with nominal relatives, excluding the definite article. You may say, 'The one who Zayd hit came to me,' but you cannot say 'The hitter of Zayd came' by placing Zayd before 'hitter'.

وَأَمَّا امْتِنَاعُ ذَلِكَ فِي خَبَرِ « لَيْسَ » فَهُوَ اخْتِيَارُ الْكُوفِيِّينَ ، وَالْمُبَرِّدِ ، وَابْنِ السَّرَّاجِ ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْمَعْ مِثْلُ « ذَاهِبًا لَسْتُ » وَلِأَنَّهَا فِعْلٌ جَامِدٌ ، فَأَشْبَهَتْ عَسَى ، وَخَبَرُهَا لَا يَتَقَدَّمُ بِاتِّفَاقٍ ، وَذَهَبَ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَابْنُ جِنِّي إِلَى الْجَوَازِ ، مُسْتَدِلَّيْنِ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿أَلَا يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمْ لَيْسَ مَصْرُوفًا عَنْهُمْ﴾ وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ ( يَوْمَ ) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَصْرُوفًا ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى لَيْسَ ، وَتَقَدُّمُ الْمَعْمُولِ يُؤْذِنُ بِجَوَازِ تَقَدُّمِ الْعَامِلِ وَالْجَوَابُ : أَنَّهُمْ تَوَسَّعُوا فِي الظُّرُوفِ مَا لَمْ يَتَوَسَّعُوا فِي غَيْرِهَا ، وَنُقِلَ عَنْ سِيبَوَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ بِالْجَوَازِ ، وَالْقَوْلُ بِالْمَنْعِ

Prohibiting this in the predicate of 'laysa' is the preferred view of the Kufans, al-Mubarrad, and Ibn al-Sarraj, and it is the correct position. No such phrasing as 'going I am not' has been recorded. Since 'laysa' is a frozen verb, it resembles 'asa', whose predicate cannot precede it by consensus. Al-Farisi and Ibn Jinni argued for its permissibility, citing the Quranic verse, 'On the day it comes to them, it will not be turned away from them.' They reasoned that 'yawma' relates to 'masrufan' and precedes 'laysa', and the precedence of a governed element implies the governing element may also precede it. The response is that scholars were more lenient with adverbial expressions than with others. Both permission and prohibition have been attributed to Sibawayh.

…6 more translated lines, 24 more verbs and 27 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 30 nouns)

• قَدَّرَ — to interpret
• قَدَّمَ — to present
• لَزِمَ — to be necessary
• نَاسِخ — abrogator
• أُخْت — sister
• صِلَة — connection