Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 561

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بَابُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ، وَالْخَبَرِ.

Chapter on the Subject and the Predicate.

الْمُبْتَدَأُ، هُوَ: الاِسْمُ الْمَرْفُوعُ الْعَارِي عَنِ الْعَوَامِلِ اللَّفْظِيَّةِ، وَالْخَبَرُ، هُوَ: الاِسْمُ الْمُسْنَدُ إِلَيْهِ، نَحْوَ قَوْلِكَ: زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ، وَالزَّيْدَانِ قَائِمَانِ، وَالزَّيْدُونَ قَائِمُونَ.

The subject is a noun in the nominative case that is free from verbal governing agents. The predicate is the noun attributed to it, as in: Zayd is standing, the two Zayds are standing, and the Zayds are standing.

وَالْمُبْتَدَأُ قِسْمَانِ: ظَاهِرٌ، وَمُضْمَرٌ، فَالظَّاهِرُ، مَا تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ؛ وَالْمُضْمَرُ: اثْنَا عَشَرَ؛ وَهِيَ: أَنَا وَنَحْنُ، وَأَنْتَ، وَأَنْتِ، وَأَنْتُمَا، وَأَنْتُمْ، وَأَنْتُنَّ، وَهُوَ، وَهِيَ، وَهُمَا، وَهُمْ، وَهُنَّ، نَحْوَ قَوْلِكَ: أَنَا قَائِمٌ، وَنَحْنُ قَائِمُونَ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ.

The subject is either explicit or implicit. The explicit type has already been mentioned. There are twelve implicit pronouns: I, we, you (masculine singular), you (feminine singular), you (dual), you (masculine plural), you (feminine plural), he, she, they (dual), they (masculine plural), and they (feminine plural), as in: I am standing, we are standing, and similar examples.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (8 verbs · 23 nouns)

• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• أَشْبَهَ — to resemble
• قَامَ — to stand
• بَابٌ — chapter
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject
• خَبَرٌ — predicate