Saudi Arabic Curriculum (لغتي) — Grade 8, Semester 1 — Page 86

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

عِنْدَمَا يَكُونُ الْهَدَفُ تَحْلِيلَ الْأَسْبَابِ، وَالنَّتَائِجَ الْمُتَعَلِّقَةَ بِأَحَدِ الْمَوَاقِفِ أَوْ إِحْدَى الْمُشْكِلَاتِ الْوَارِدَةِ فِي النَّصِّ، نَلْجَأُ إِلَى نَمَطِ (السَّبَبِ وَالنَّتِيجَةِ)، وَذَلِكَ بِالْإِجَابَةِ عَنْ سُؤَالَيْنِ: لِمَاذَا حَدَثَ مَا حَدَثَ؟ (سَبَبٌ)، وَمَا تَأْثِيرُ مَا حَدَثَ فِيهِ؟ (نَتِيجَةٌ).

When the goal is to analyze the causes and consequences of a situation or problem presented in a text, we use the cause-and-effect pattern by answering two questions: Why did this happen? (cause), and what was its impact? (effect).

وَيَتْبَعُ الْكَاتِبُ أَحَدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَسَالِيبَ فِي هَذَا النَّمَطِ: الْأَوَّلُ عَرْضُ النَّتِيجَةِ فِي الْمُقَدِّمَةِ، ثُمَّ الْأَسْبَابُ، الثَّانِي: عَرْضُ الْأَسْبَابِ فِي الْمُقَدِّمَةِ، ثُمَّ النَّتَائِجُ، الثَّالِثُ: يَتِمُّ سَرْدُ الْأَسْبَابِ وَالنَّتَائِجِ حَسَبَ التَّسَلْسُلِ الزَّمَنِيِّ أَوْ حَسَبَ الْأَهَمِّيَّةِ.

Writers follow one of three approaches in this pattern: first, presenting the result in the introduction followed by the causes; second, presenting the causes in the introduction followed by the results; or third, narrating the causes and results in chronological order or by order of importance.

مِنَ الْأَلْفَاظِ الدَّالَّةِ فِي هَذَا النَّمَطِ: السَّبَبُ الرَّئِيسُ الْأَسَاسِيُّ، وَسَبَبٌ آخَرُ، وَفَوْقَ ذَلِكَ، وَبِالْإِضَافَةِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَفَضْلًا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، أَيْضًا، وَكَذَلِكَ، وَأَخِيرًا، وَنَتِيجَةً لِذَلِكَ، حِينَئِذٍ، تَأْثِيرٌ، آثَارٌ... إِلَخْ.

Key terms used in this pattern include: the primary cause, another cause, furthermore, in addition, moreover, also, likewise, finally, as a result, consequently, impact, and effects.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 38 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• حَلَّلَ — to analyze
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• مُلَاحَظَة — note
• تِقْنِيَة — technique
• إِسْتِرَاتِيجِيَّة — strategy