Saudi Arabic Curriculum (الكفايات اللغوية) — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 41

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَمَّا الْحُرُوفُ (لَمْ وَلَمَّا وَلَا النَّاهِيَةُ وَلَامُ الْأَمْرِ)، وَكَذَلِكَ أَدَوَاتُ الشَّرْطِ (إِنْ وَمَنْ وَمَا وَمَهْمَا وَأَيْنَ وَمَتَى) فَإِنَّهَا تَجْزِمُ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ.

The particles (lam, lamma, the prohibitive la, and the lam of command), as well as the conditional tools (in, man, ma, mahma, ayna, and mata), render the present tense verb jussive.

وَتَكُونُ عَلَامَةُ جَزْمِهِ السُّكُونَ إِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحَ الْآخِرِ، وَحَذْفَ حَرْفِ الْعِلَّةِ إِنْ كَانَ مُعْتَلَّ الْآخِرِ، وَحَذْفَ النُّونِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ الْخَمْسَةِ.

The sign of its jussive state is the sukoon if the verb ends in a sound consonant, the omission of the weak letter if it ends in a vowel, and the omission of the noon if it is one of the five verbs.

لَاحِظِ الْأَفْعَالَ: لَمْ يَكْتُبْ، وَلَمْ يَرْمِ، وَلَمْ يَكْتُبُوا، تَجِدِ الْفِعْلَ الْأَوَّلَ صَحِيحَ الْآخِرِ؛ فَعَلَامَةُ جَزْمِهِ السُّكُونُ.

Observe the verbs: lam yaktub, lam yarmi, and lam yaktubu; you will find the first verb ends in a sound consonant, so its jussive sign is the sukoon.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (9 verbs · 23 nouns)

• جَزَمَ — to be jussive
• كَانَ — to be
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• نَاهِيَةٌ — prohibitive
• أَمْرٌ — command