Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 2 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 89

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَالنَّصْبُ وَالْجَرُّ فِيهَا لَمْ نَجِدْ لِلْعَلَامَاتِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ أَثَرًا، وَلَكِنَّا نَجِدُ أَنَّ كُلَّ كَلِمَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ تَنْتَهِي بِزِيَادَةٍ فِي آخِرِهَا، وَأَنَّهَا فِي حَالَةِ الرَّفْعِ تَنْتَهِي بِوَاوٍ وَنُونٍ، وَفِي حَالَتَيِ النَّصْبِ وَالْجَرِّ تَنْتَهِي بِيَاءٍ وَنُونٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ نَحْكُمُ أَنَّ الْوَاوَ عَلَامَةُ الْإِعْرَابِ فِي حَالَةِ الرَّفْعِ، وَالْيَاءَ هِيَ عَلَامَتُهُ فِي حَالَتَيِ النَّصْبِ وَالْجَرِّ.

As for the accusative and genitive cases in them, we did not find any trace of the original signs, but we find that every word of these words ends with an addition at its end, and that in the nominative case it ends with a waw and a nun, and in the accusative and genitive cases it ends with a ya and a nun, and from that we judge that the waw is the sign of inflection in the nominative case, and the ya is its sign in the accusative and genitive cases.

الْقَاعِدَةُ: (٥٧) جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمُ يُرْفَعُ بِالْوَاوِ وَيُنْصَبُ وَيُجَرُّ بِالْيَاءِ.

Rule: (57) The sound masculine plural is put in the nominative case with the waw, and in the accusative and genitive cases with the ya.

تَمْرِينَاتٌ (١) عَيِّنْ جَمْعَ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ الْمَرْفُوعَ وَالْمَنْصُوبَ وَالْمَجْرُورَ فِي الْعِبَارَاتِ الْآتِيَةِ، وَبَيِّنِ السَّبَبَ وَعَلَامَةَ الْإِعْرَابِ فِي كُلٍّ:

Exercises (1) Identify the sound masculine plural that is in the nominative, accusative, and genitive cases in the following phrases, and explain the reason and the sign of inflection for each:

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Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 34 nouns)

• وَجَدَ — to find
• انْتَهَى — to end
• حَكَمَ — to judge
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign