Kuwaiti Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9, Term 1 (لغتي العربية) — Page 93

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الشَّرْحُ وَالْبَيَانُ: إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ - عَزِيزِي الْمُتَعَلِّمُ - الْأَمْثِلَةَ فِي الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (أ) سَتَجِدُهَا جَمِيعًا جُمَلًا فِعْلِيَّةً مُكَوَّنَةً مِنْ رُكْنَيْنِ أَسَاسِيَّيْنِ هُمَا (الْفِعْلُ وَالْفَاعِلُ) ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْأَفْعَالَ فِيهَا مَبْنِيَّةٌ لِلْمَعْلُومِ، أَيْ أَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ مَعْلُومٌ عِنْدَ الْمُتَحَدِّثِ، وَالسَّامِعِ، كَمَا هُوَ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (أ) (حَفِظَ الطَّالِبُ، اجْتَهَدَ خَالِدٌ، صَامَ الشَّابُّ، دَافَعَ الْمُحَامِي، قَضَى الْقَاضِي)،

Explanation and Clarification: If you contemplate, my dear learner, the examples in group (A), you will find them all to be verbal sentences composed of two fundamental pillars: the verb and the subject; this is because the verbs in them are in the active voice, meaning the subject is known to the speaker and the listener, as it is in the examples of group (A) (the student memorized, Khalid worked hard, the young man fasted, the lawyer defended, the judge ruled).

كَمَا سَتُلَاحِظُ - عَزِيزِي الْمُتَعَلِّمُ - أَيْضًا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْجُمَلَ الْفِعْلِيَّةَ قَدْ تَبِعَهَا مُكَمِّلَاتٌ لَهَا، فَفِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ (الْقُرْآنُ، وَهُوَ الْمَفْعُولُ بِهِ) وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي الْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ (لِلِاخْتِبَارِ)، وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ ظَرْفُ الزَّمَانِ (يَوْمَ) وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الرَّابِعِ الْمَفْعُولُ الْمُطْلَقُ (اجْتِهَادًا)، بِهَذِهِ الْمُكَمِّلَاتِ تَتِمُّ مَعْنَى الْجُمْلَةِ الْفِعْلِيَّةِ بَعْدَ رُكْنَيْهَا،

You will also notice, my dear learner, that these verbal sentences are followed by complements; in the first example, it is (the Quran, which is the direct object), in the second example, it is the preposition and the noun following it (for the test), in the third example, it is the adverb of time (a day), and in the fourth example, it is the absolute object (diligently); with these complements, the meaning of the verbal sentence is completed after its two pillars.

كَمَا سَتُلَاحِظُ - عَزِيزِي الْمُتَعَلِّمُ - أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُكَمِّلَاتِ أَخَذَتْ مَكَانَ الْفَاعِلِ بَعْدَ أَنْ بُنِيَ الْفِعْلُ لِلْمَجْهُولِ كَمَا هُوَ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ب)، فَكَلِمَةُ (الْقُرْآنُ) الَّتِي كَانَتْ مَفْعُولًا بِهِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ مِنَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (أ) صَارَتْ نَائِبًا عَنِ الْفَاعِلِ عِنْدَ بِنَاءِ الْفِعْلِ لِلْمَجْهُولِ، وَهَكَذَا بِالنِّسْبَةِ لِبَقِيَّةِ الْأَمْثِلَةِ.

You will also notice, my dear learner, that these complements took the place of the subject after the verb was put into the passive voice, as it is in the examples of group (B); thus, the word (the Quran), which was a direct object in the first example of group (A), became a deputy subject when the verb was put into the passive voice, and so on for the rest of the examples.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 52 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• حَفِظَ — to memorize
• شَرْح — explanation
• بَيَان — clarification
• مُتَعَلِّم — learner