Kuwaiti Arabic Curriculum — Grade 8, Term 1 (لغتي العربية) — Page 64

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الشَّرْحُ وَالْبَيَانُ: تَأَمَّلْ مَا وُضِعَ تَحْتَهُ خَطٌّ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (أ) سَتَجِدُ أَنَّ الْفِعْلَ الْتَزَمَ صُورَةَ التَّذْكِيرِ لِأَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ مُذَكَّرٌ، كَمَا فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ (الْمُتَسَابِقُ)، وَضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ (هُوَ) يَعُودُ عَلَى مُذَكَّرٍ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي، وَمُفْرَدٌ مُؤَنَّثٌ مَفْصُولٌ عَنْ فِعْلِهِ بِـ (إِلَّا) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ (فَاطِمَةُ)، وَعَلَيْهِ فَفِي الْحَالَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ الْمَاضِيَةِ يَجِبُ تَذْكِيرُ الْفِعْلِ.

Explanation and Clarification: Examine what has been underlined in the examples of Group (A), and you will find that the verb adhered to the masculine form because the subject is masculine, as in the first example (the contestant), or a hidden pronoun estimated as (he) referring to a masculine noun in the second example, or a singular feminine noun separated from its verb by (illa) in the third example (Fatima); therefore, in the three previous cases, the verb must be masculine.

وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ أَمْثِلَةَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ب) فَإِنَّكَ سَتَجِدُ الْفِعْلَ مُلْتَزِمًا صُورَةَ التَّأْنِيثِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ جَاءَ مُؤَنَّثًا حَقِيقِيًّا غَيْرَ مَفْصُولٍ عَنْ فِعْلِهِ بِفَاصِلٍ، وَهُوَ (فَاطِمَةُ)، وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي جَاءَ الْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرًا مُسْتَتِرًا تَقْدِيرُهُ (هِيَ) يَعُودُ عَلَى مُؤَنَّثٍ حَقِيقِيٍّ (فَاطِمَةُ)، وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ جَاءَ الْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرًا مُسْتَتِرًا تَقْدِيرُهُ (هِيَ) يَعُودُ عَلَى مُؤَنَّثٍ مَجَازِيٍّ (الشَّمْسُ).

If you examine the examples of Group (B), you will find the verb adhering to the feminine form because the subject in the first example is a true feminine noun not separated from its verb by any separator, which is (Fatima), and in the second example, the subject is a hidden pronoun estimated as (she) referring to a true feminine noun (Fatima), and in the third example, the subject is a hidden pronoun estimated as (she) referring to a metaphorical feminine noun (the sun).

أَمَّا إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ أَمْثِلَةَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ج) فَإِنَّكَ سَتَجِدُ الْفِعْلَ جَازَ فِيهِ التَّذْكِيرُ وَالتَّأْنِيثُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ مُؤَنَّثٌ حَقِيقِيٌّ مَفْصُولٌ عَنْ فِعْلِهِ بِغَيْرِ (إِلَّا)، فَجَاءَ فِي الْفِعْلِ (فَازَتْ / فَازَ) بَيْنَمَا إِذَا فُصِلَ بِـ (إِلَّا) فَإِنَّهُ يَجِبُ تَذْكِيرُهُ كَمَا مَرَّ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (أ) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ (مَا فَازَ إِلَّا فَاطِمَةُ بِالْجَائِزَةِ) أَمَّا فِي هَذَا الْمِثَالِ (فَازَتْ / فَازَ بِالْجَائِزَةِ فَاطِمَةُ) فَإِنَّهُ فُصِلَ بِغَيْرِ (إِلَّا)؛ فَلِذَا جَازَ تَذْكِيرُ الْفِعْلِ وَجَازَ تَأْنِيثُهُ، وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي مِنَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ جَاءَ الْفَاعِلُ مُؤَنَّثًا مَجَازِيًّا فَجَازَ فِي الْفِعْلِ (اشْتَعَلَتْ / اشْتَعَلَ النَّارُ فِي الْحَطَبِ)؛ فَلِأَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ هُنَا مُؤَنَّثٌ تَأْنِيثًا مَجَازِيًّا جَازَ مَعَهُ تَذْكِيرُ الْفِعْلِ وَتَأْنِيثُهُ، وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ جَاءَ الْفَاعِلُ جَمْعَ تَكْسِيرٍ (الْقَبَائِلُ) فَجَازَ فِي الْفِعْلِ (عَاشَ وَعَاشَتْ كَمَا هُوَ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ مِنَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ج) (عَاشَ / عَاشَتِ الْقَبَائِلُ بِسَلَامٍ وَتَعَاوُنٍ)، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ تَأَلَّقَ الطُّلَّابُ، وَتَأَلَّقَتِ الطُّلَّابُ، وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الرَّابِعِ جَاءَ الْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرًا مُسْتَتِرًا تَقْدِيرُهُ (هِيَ) يَعُودُ عَلَى جَمْعِ تَكْسِيرٍ (الرِّجَالُ)، فَجَاءَ فِي الْفِعْلِ (حَضَرَتْ) وَذَلِكَ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي الْمِثَالِ (الرِّجَالُ حَضَرَتْ إِلَى الدَّعْوَةِ) وَ (الرِّجَالُ حَضَرُوا إِلَى الدَّعْوَةِ) فَجَازَ تَذْكِيرُ الْفِعْلِ وَتَأْنِيثُهُ.

As for Group (C), you will find that both masculine and feminine forms are permissible for the verb because the subject in the first example is a true feminine noun separated from its verb by something other than (illa), so the verb appeared as (fazat / faza), whereas if it were separated by (illa), it would have to be masculine, as we saw in Group (A) in the third example (Ma faza illa Fatima bil-ja'iza). However, in this example (Fazat / Faza bil-ja'iza Fatima), it was separated by something other than (illa), so it was permissible for the verb to be masculine or feminine. In the second example of the group, the subject was a metaphorical feminine noun, so it was permissible for the verb to be (ishta'alat / ishta'ala an-naru fil-hatab); because the subject here is metaphorically feminine, it is permissible for the verb to be masculine or feminine. In the third example, the subject was a broken plural (al-qaba'il), so it was permissible for the verb to be (a'asha / a'ashat), as in the third example of Group (C) (A'asha / A'ashat al-qaba'il bi-salamin wa-ta'awunin), and similarly: ta'allaqa at-tullabu and ta'allaqat at-tullabu. In the fourth example, the subject was a hidden pronoun estimated as (she) referring to a broken plural (ar-rijal), so the verb appeared as (hadarat), and that is as we mentioned in the example (Ar-rijalu hadarat ila ad-da'wa) and (Ar-rijalu hadaru ila ad-da'wa), so it was permissible for the verb to be masculine or feminine.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 31 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَضَعَ — to place
• وَجَدَ — to find
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• بَيَانٌ — clarification
• خَطٌّ — line