Kuwaiti Arabic Curriculum — Grade 6, Term 1 (لغتي العربية) — Page 77

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الشَّرْحُ وَالْبَيَانُ: لَوْ تَأَمَّلْنَا الْأَسْمَاءَ الْمُعْرَبَةَ الْمَخْطُوطَ تَحْتَهَا فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ لَوَجَدْنَاهَا قَدِ انْتَهَتْ بِحَرَكَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ وَهَذِهِ الْحَرَكَاتُ قَدْ ظَهَرَتْ عَلَيْهَا خَطًّا وَلَفْظًا، وَهَذَا يَعْنِي أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْأَسْمَاءَ (مُحَمَّدٌ - خَالِدٌ - الْمُعَلِّمُ) هِيَ أَسْمَاءٌ مُعْرَبَةٌ تُعْرَبُ إِعْرَابًا ظَاهِرِيًّا، أَيْ أَنَّ عَلَامَةَ الْإِعْرَابِ عَلَيْهَا تَظْهَرُ نُطْقًا، وَتُرْسَمُ كِتَابَةً، فَالضَّمَّةُ ظَهَرَتْ عَلَى (مُحَمَّدٍ)، وَالْفَتْحَةُ ظَهَرَتْ عَلَى (خَالِدٍ)، وَالْكَسْرَةُ ظَهَرَتْ عَلَى (الْمُعَلِّمِ)، مِمَّا يَعْنِي أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَسْمَاءَ مَخْتُومَةٌ بِحُرُوفٍ تَظْهَرُ عَلَيْهَا عَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِ الثَّلَاثِ: (الضَّمَّةُ لِلرَّفْعِ - الْفَتْحَةُ لِلنَّصْبِ - الْكَسْرَةُ لِلْجَرِّ)، وَهَذَا مَا نُسَمِّيهِ بِالْإِعْرَابِ الظَّاهِرِيِّ.

Explanation and Clarification: If we examine the inflected nouns underlined in the previous examples, we would find that they end in different vowels, and these vowels have appeared on them both in writing and in pronunciation. This means that those nouns (Muhammad, Khalid, the teacher) are inflected nouns that undergo explicit inflection, meaning that the inflection mark appears on them in speech and is drawn in writing. The damma appeared on (Muhammad), the fatha appeared on (Khalid), and the kasra appeared on (the teacher), which means that these nouns end in letters upon which the three inflection marks appear: (the damma for the nominative case, the fatha for the accusative case, and the kasra for the genitive case), and this is what we call explicit inflection.

الِاسْتِنْتَاجُ: الْإِعْرَابُ نَوْعَانِ: إِعْرَابٌ ظَاهِرِيٌّ وَإِعْرَابٌ تَقْدِيرِيٌّ.

Conclusion: Inflection is of two types: explicit inflection and implied inflection.

الْإِعْرَابُ الظَّاهِرِيُّ: هُوَ مَا تَظْهَرُ فِيهِ الْعَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِيَّةُ عَلَى أَوَاخِرِ الْكَلِمَاتِ، وَيَكُونُ فِي الْأَسْمَاءِ الْمُعْرَبَةِ الْمَخْتُومَةِ بِغَيْرِ حُرُوفِ الْعِلَّةِ (الْوَاوُ - الْيَاءُ - الْأَلِفُ).

Explicit inflection: It is that in which the inflectional marks appear at the ends of words, and it occurs in inflected nouns that do not end in weak letters (the waw, the ya, the alif).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 33 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• انْتَهَى — to end
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• بَيَانٌ — clarification
• اسْمٌ — noun