Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Grammar (النحو) — Page 7

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

اللُّغَةُ وَسِيلَةٌ لِلتَّعْبِيرِ عَنِ الْمَعَانِي ،

Language is a means of expressing meaning.

وَأَدَاةٌ لِلتَّفَاهُمِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ،

It is a tool for mutual understanding among people.

وَهِيَ تَتَكَوَّنُ مِنْ كَلِمَاتٍ ،

It consists of words.

وَالْكَلِمَةُ هِيَ لَفْظٌ لَهُ مَعْنًى

A word is a term that carries meaning.

وَكُلُّ مَا تَرَكَّبَ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ وَأَفَادَ مَعْنًى تَامًّا يُسَمَّى الْكَلَامُ الْمُفِيدُ

Any combination of two or more words that conveys a complete thought is called a meaningful sentence.

وَيَتَكَوَّنُ الْكَلَامُ الْمُفِيدُ مِنْ أَجْزَاءٍ هِيَ عَدَدٌ مِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ تُرَتَّبُ تَرْتِيبًا مُعَيَّنًا لِيُفِيدَ مَعْنًى . (٢) أَقْسَامُ الْكَلِمَةِ . (١)

A meaningful sentence is composed of parts—a number of words arranged in a specific order to convey sense.

الْكَلِمَةُ إِمَّا اسْمٌ أَوْ فِعْلٌ أَوْ حَرْفٌ

A word is either a noun, a verb, or a particle.

الِاسْمُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى إِنْسَانٍ أَوْ حَيَوَانٍ أَوْ نَبَاتٍ أَوْ جَمَادٍ أَوْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ آخَرَ يُدْرَكُ بِالْحَوَاسِّ أَوِ الْعَقْلِ وَلَيْسَ الزَّمَنُ جُزْءًا مِنْهُ

A noun refers to a person, animal, plant, inanimate object, or anything else perceived by the senses or the intellect, and it does not contain a temporal element.

الْفِعْلُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى حُدُوثِ شَيْءٍ فِي زَمَنٍ مُعَيَّنٍ

A verb indicates that an action or event occurs at a specific time.

الْحَرْفُ هُوَ الَّذِي لَا يُفْهَمُ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا مَعَ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ وَمُهِمَّتُهُ الرَّبْطُ بَيْنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ

The particle is that whose meaning is not understood except with other words, and its mission is to link between words. Among the signs that distinguish a noun from others is that it accepts the entry of one or more of the following. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 53 nouns)

• تَكَوَّنَ — to consist
• تَرَكَّبَ — to be composed
• أَفَادَ — to benefit
• سَمَّى — to name
• أَحَبَّ — to love
• دَافَعَ — to defend
• عَاشَ — to live
• رَتَّبَ — to arrange
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• أَدْرَكَ — to perceive
• قَرَأَ — to read
• فَهِمَ — to understand
• وَحْدَة — unit
• أَوَّل — first
• كَلَام — speech
• مُفِيد — beneficial thing
• جُزْء — part
• قِسْم — division
• كَلِمَة — a word (grammatical term)
• لُغَة — language
• وَسِيلَة — means
• تَعْبِير — expression
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• أَدَاة — tool
• تَفَاهُم — understanding
• نَاس — people
• لَفْظ — utterance
• إِيمَان — faith
• سَعَادَة — happiness
• كُلّ — all
• أَكْثَر — more
• تَامّ — complete
• وَطَن — homeland
• حَقّ — truth
• عَصْر — era
• دِيمُقْرَاطِيَّة — democracy
• عَدَد — number
• تَرْتِيب — arrangement
• مُعَيَّن — specific
• اسْم — noun
• إِنْسَان — human
• حَيَوَان — animal
• نَبَات — plant
• جَمَاد — inanimate matter
• شَيْء — thing
• آخَر — other
• حَاسَّة — sense
• عَقْل — mind
• زَمَن — time
• عُصْفُور — bird
• زَهْرَة — Zahra (a name, but here used as a common noun meaning 'flower')
• جَبَل — mountain
• صَدَاقَة — friendship
• فِعْل — Form I (verb pattern)
• حُدُوث — occurrence
• حَاضِر — present
• مُسْتَقْبَل — future
• حَرْف — particle
• مُهِمَّة — task
• رَبْط — connection
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• أَسَاسِيّ — basic
• نَحْو — grammar
• صَرْف — morphology
• أُولَى — first (feminine)