Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 3 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 17

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

نَحْوُ «قَدْ»

Like 'qad'.

اللَّهُ هَذَا إِنْ كَانَ الْفِعْلُ مُتَعَدِّياً، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَازِماً يُطْلَقُ عَلَيْهِ الِاسْمُ وَالْمَصْدَرُ سَمْعٌ دُونَ الْفِعْلِ كَالْحَيِّ.

This is if the verb is transitive; if it is intransitive, the noun and the verbal noun (masdar) are applied to Him, but not the verb, such as 'the Living' (al-Hayy).

التَّاسِعُ: أَنَّ أَفْعَالَ الرَّبِّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى صَادِرَةٌ عَنْ أَسْمَائِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ، وَأَسْمَاءَ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ صَادِرَةٌ عَنْ أَفْعَالِهِمْ فَالرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِعَالُهُ كَمَالُهُ وَالْمَخْلُوقُ كَمَالُهُ عَنْ فِعَالِهِ.

Ninth: The actions of the Lord, Blessed and Exalted is He, proceed from His Names and Attributes, whereas the names of created beings proceed from their actions; thus, for the Lord, Blessed and Exalted is He, His actions are His perfection, while for the created being, his perfection comes from his actions.

فَالرَّبُّ لَمْ يَزَلْ كَامِلاً فَحَصَلَتْ أَفْعَالُهُ عَنْ كَمَالِهِ لِأَنَّهُ كَامِلٌ بِذَاتِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ فَأَفْعَالُهُ صَادِرَةٌ عَنْ كَمَالِهِ كَمُلَ فَفَعَلَ، وَالْمَخْلُوقُ فَعَلَ فَكَمُلَ الْكَمَالُ اللَّائِقُ بِهِ.

The Lord has always been perfect, so His actions resulted from His perfection because He is perfect in His Essence and Attributes; thus, His actions proceed from His perfection—He was perfect, so He acted. As for the created being, he acted, and then the perfection befitting him was attained.

الْعَاشِرُ: إِحْصَاءُ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْحُسْنَى وَالْعِلْمُ بِهَا أَصْلٌ لِلْعِلْمِ بِكُلِّ مَعْلُومٍ.

Tenth: Enumerating the Most Beautiful Names and having knowledge of them is the foundation for knowledge of everything that is known.

الْحَادِي عَشَرَ: أَسْمَاؤُهُ كُلُّهَا حُسْنَى، وَأَفْعَالُهُ صَادِرَةٌ عَنْهَا، فَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْهِ فِعْلاً وَلَا وَصْفاً، وَإِنَّمَا يَدْخُلُ فِي مَفْعُولَاتِهِ الْبَائِنَةِ عَنْهُ دُونَ فِعْلِهِ الَّذِي هُوَ وَصْفُهُ.

Eleventh: All of His Names are beautiful, and His actions proceed from them; therefore, evil is not attributed to Him, neither as an action nor as an attribute. Rather, it enters into His created things that are distinct from Him, not in His action which is His attribute.

الثَّانِي عَشَرَ: إِحْصَاءُ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لَهُ مَرَاتِبُ.

Twelfth: Enumerating the Names of Allah, the Exalted, has levels.

وَقَدْ سَبَقَ أَنْ بَيَّنَهَا الشَّارِحُ حَفِظَهُ اللَّهُ.

It has already been explained by the commentator, may Allah protect him.

الثَّالِثُ عَشَرَ: أَسْمَاءُ اللَّهِ الْحُسْنَى لَا تَدْخُلُ تَحْتَ حَصْرٍ وَلَا عَدٍّ.

Thirteenth: The Most Beautiful Names of Allah do not fall under limitation or counting.

وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهَا الشَّارِحُ حَفِظَهُ اللَّهُ.

The commentator, may Allah protect him, has discussed them.

الرَّابِعُ عَشَرَ: مِنْ أَسْمَائِهِ مَا يُطْلَقُ عَلَيْهِ مُفْرَداً وَمُقْتَرِناً بِغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ غَالِبُهَا كَالسَّمِيعِ وَالْبَصِيرِ وَنَحْوِهِمَا، فَيَسُوغُ أَنْ يُدْعَى بِهِ وَيُثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَيُخْبَرَ عَنْهُ بِهِ مُفْرَداً وَمُقْتَرِناً بِغَيْرِهِ فَتَقُولُ: يَا عَزِيزُ يَا حَلِيمُ.

Fourteenth: Among His Names are those that are applied to Him both singly and in conjunction with others, and these are the majority, such as 'the All-Hearing' (al-Sami') and 'the All-Seeing' (al-Basir) and the like. It is permissible to invoke Him by them, praise Him by them, and inform about Him by them, both singly and in conjunction with others, so you say: 'O Mighty, O Forbearing'.

وَمِنْهَا: مَا لَا يُطْلَقُ إِلَّا مَقْرُوناً بِغَيْرِهِ لِكَوْنِ الْكَمَالِ لَا يَحْصُلُ إِلَّا بِهِ كَالضَّارِّ وَالْمُنْتَقِمِ وَالْمَانِعِ، فَلَا تُطْلَقُ إِلَّا مَقْرُونَةً بِمُقَابِلِهَا كَالضَّارِّ النَّافِعِ وَالْمُنْتَقِمِ الْعَفُوِّ، وَالْمَانِعِ الْمُعْطِي إِذْ كَمَالُ التَّصَرُّفِ لَا يَحْصُلُ إِلَّا بِهِ.

Among them are those that are not applied except in conjunction with others, because perfection is only attained through that, such as 'the Harmer' (al-Darr), 'the Avenger' (al-Muntaqim), and 'the Withholder' (al-Mani'). They are not applied except in conjunction with their opposites, such as 'the Harmer, the Benefactor' (al-Darr al-Nafi'), 'the Avenger, the Pardoner' (al-Muntaqim al-'Afuw), and 'the Withholder, the Giver' (al-Mani' al-Mu'ti), since the perfection of disposal is only attained through that.

قَالَ شَيْخُنَا فِي كِتَابِهِ الْمُنْتَقَى ص (١٥): قُلْتُ: لَكِنْ لَوْ أُطْلِقَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ اسْمُ مَدْحٍ لَمْ يَمْتَنِعْ، فَيَسُوغُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: الْعَفُوُّ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُنْتَقِمِ كَمَا وَرَدَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَمِثْلُهُ النَّافِعُ وَالْمُعْطِي، فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَسْمَاءَ تَسْتَلْزِمُ الثَّنَاءَ وَالْمَدْحَ الْمُطْلَقَ عَلَى أَنَّ شَيْخَ الْإِسْلَامِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يُنْكِرُ تَسْمِيَةَ اللَّهِ الْمُنْتَقِمَ وَيَقُولُ إِنَّ هَذَا لَمْ يَرِدْ إِلَّا مُقَيَّداً كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: «إِنَّا مِنَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ مُنْتَقِمُونَ».

Our Sheikh said in his book 'al-Muntaqa' (p. 15): 'I say: However, if a name of praise from that is applied to Him, it is not forbidden. Thus, it is permissible to say: 'the Pardoner' (al-'Afuw) without 'the Avenger' (al-Muntaqim), as it appears in the Noble Quran, and likewise 'the Benefactor' (al-Nafi') and 'the Giver' (al-Mu'ti), for these names necessitate absolute praise and commendation. Although Sheikh al-Islam, may Allah have mercy on him, denies naming Allah 'the Avenger' (al-Muntaqim) and says that this has only appeared in a qualified form, as in His saying, the Exalted: 'Indeed, We will take retribution from the criminals' (Inna mina al-mujrimina muntaqimun).'

الْخَامِسُ عَشَرَ: اخْتَلَفَ النُّظَّارُ فِي الْأَسْمَاءِ الَّتِي تُطْلَقُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَعَلَى الْعِبَادِ كَالْحَيِّ وَالسَّمِيعِ وَنَحْوِهِمَا، فَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ: هِيَ حَقِيقَةٌ فِي الْعَبْدِ مَجَازٌ فِي الرَّبِّ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ غُلَاةِ الْجَهْمِيَّةِ وَهُوَ أَخْبَثُ الْأَقْوَالِ.

Fifteenth: The scholars of theology differed regarding the names that are applied to Allah and to servants, such as 'the Living' (al-Hayy), 'the All-Hearing' (al-Sami'), and the like. A group said: They are literal for the servant and metaphorical for the Lord; this is the view of the extremist Jahmiyyah, and it is the most vile of views.

Vocabulary · المفردات (23 verbs · 69 nouns)

• أَطْلَقَ — to apply/use
• تَبَارَكَ — to be blessed
• تَعَالَى — to be exalted
• زَالَ — to cease
• حَصَلَ — to occur
• كَمُلَ — to be perfect
• فَعَلَ — to do
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• حَفِظَ — to protect
• تَكَلَّمَ — to speak
• سَاغَ — to be permissible
• دَعَا — to call
• أَثْنَى — to praise
• أَخْبَرَ — to inform
• قَالَ — to say
• امْتَنَعَ — to be impossible
• وَرَدَ — to be mentioned/reported
• اسْتَلْزَمَ — to necessitate
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• أَنْكَرَ — to deny
• اخْتَلَفَ — to differ
• نَحْو — such as, e.g. (نَحْوَ); direction, manner; grammar (النَّحْو)
• فِعْل — verb
• مُتَعَدِّي — transitive
• لَازِم — intransitive
• اسْم — noun
• مَصْدَر — verbal noun
• سَمْع — hearing
• حَيّ — living
• رَبّ — Lord
• صَادِر — emanating
• صِفَة — attribute
• مَخْلُوق — created being
• كَمَال — perfection
• فِعَال — actions
• كَامِل — perfect
• ذَات — essence
• لَائِق — fitting
• إِحْصَاء — enumeration
• أَسْمَاء — name
• حُسْنَى — most beautiful
• عِلْم — knowledge
• أَصْل — foundation
• مَعْلُوم — known
• شَرّ — evil
• وَصْف — description
• مَفْعُول — object
• بَائِن — separate
• مَرْتَبَة — rank
• شَارِح — commentator
• حَصْر — limitation
• عَدّ — counting
• مُفْرَد — singular
• مُقْتَرِن — coupled
• غَالِب — predominant
• سَمِيع — all-hearing
• بَصِير — all-seeing
• عَزِيز — The Precious / The Most Mighty
• حَلِيم — forbearing
• مَقْرُون — paired
• ضَارّ — harmer
• مُنْتَقِم — avenger
• مَانِع — preventer
• مُقَابِل — counterpart
• نَافِع — benefiter
• عَفُوّ — pardoner
• مُعْطِي — giver
• تَصَرُّف — disposal
• شَيْخ — sheikh
• كِتَاب — book
• مُنْتَقَى — selected
• مَدْح — praise
• قُرْآن — Quran
• كَرِيم — noble
• مِثْل — likeness
• ثَنَاء — commendation
• مُطْلَق — absolute
• إِسْلَام — Islam
• تَسْمِيَة — naming
• مُقَيَّد — restricted
• مُجْرِم — criminal
• نَاظِر — theorist
• عَبْد — servant
• طَائِفَة — group
• حَقِيقَة — literal truth
• مَجَاز — metaphor
• غَالِي — extremist
• جَهْمِيَّة — Jahmiyyah sect
• أَخْبَث — most vile
• قَوْل — statement