لتي

Root entry · 23 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with feminine relative pronouns and their various grammatical forms and usages in Classical Arabic. It also touches upon related demonstrative pronouns and terms for calamities or difficult situations.

Derived headwords

الَّتِيpronoun

1.
which (fem. sing.)both
An indefinite feminine singular relative pronoun, considered definite and requiring a relative clause (صلة) to be complete.

اللَّاتِيpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl.)both
A plural form of the feminine relative pronoun, used for groups of females.

وَالَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ — And those women who commit lewdness

اللَّتَانِpronoun

1.
which (fem. dual)both
The dual form of the feminine relative pronoun, referring to two females.

اللَّتَاpronoun

1.
which (fem. dual, variant)classical
An alternative dual form of the feminine relative pronoun, often used in poetry.

اللَّتُّpronoun

1.
which (fem. sing., variant)classical
A variant form of the feminine singular relative pronoun, with a stressed 't'.

اللَّتْpronoun

1.
which (fem. sing., variant)classical
Another variant form of the feminine singular relative pronoun, with a sakin 't'.

اللَّوَاتِيpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., variant)classical
A variant plural form of the feminine relative pronoun.

مِنَ اللَّوَاتِي وَالَّتِي — Of those women and that one

اللَّوَاتُpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., variant)classical
A variant plural form of the feminine relative pronoun, without the final 'yā'.

إِلَّا انْتِيَابَتَهُ الْبِيضُ! اللَّوَاتِ مَا إِنْ لَهُنَّ طَوَالَ الدَّهْرِ أَبْدَالُ — Except for the visits of the fair ones, those who have no substitutes throughout time

اللَّائِيpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., variant)both
A variant plural form of the feminine relative pronoun, using a hamza.

وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ — And those [women] who despair of menstruation

اللَّاءpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., variant)classical
A variant plural form of the feminine relative pronoun, similar to 'al-bāb'.

وَكَانَتْ مِنْ اللَّأْ لَا يُعِيرُهَا ابْنُهَا إِذَا مَا الْغُلَامُ الْأَحْمَقُ الْأُمَّ عَيْرَا — And she was among those whom her son would not lend to when the foolish boy would lend the mother something

اللَّوَىpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., variant)classical
A variant plural form of the feminine relative pronoun, with the 't' and 'yā' omitted.

جَمَعْتُهَا مِنْ أُنُؤُقٍ خِيَارٍ مِنَ اللَّوَى شَرَّفْنَ بِالصِّرَارِ — I gathered them from choice noble women, those who were honored by the binding

اللَّاآتpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., variant)classical
A variant plural form of the feminine relative pronoun, with a doubled hamza.

وَأَخْدَانُكَ اللَّاآتُ تُزَيِّنُ بِالْكِتْمِ — And your companions, those who adorn with kohl

اللُّتْيَاnoun

1.
calamityclassical
A term used to refer to a great calamity or difficult situation.

بَعْدَ اللُّتْيَا وَاللُّتْيَا وَالَّتِي إِذَا عَلَتْهَا نَفْسٌ تَرَدَّتْ — After this calamity and that calamity, and the one which, when a soul overcame it, it perished

اللُّتْيَاpronoun

1.
which (fem. sing., diminutive)both
The diminutive form of the feminine singular relative pronoun 'allati'.

اللُّتْيَاnoun

1.
calamity (variant)classical
An alternative form referring to a calamity or difficult situation.

وَقَعَ فُلَانٌ فِي اللُّتْيَا وَالَّتِي — So-and-so fell into calamity and the like

اللُّتْيَاpronoun

1.
which (fem. sing., diminutive, variant)classical
A variant diminutive form of the feminine singular relative pronoun.

اللَّتِيpronoun

1.
which (fem. sing., variant)classical
A variant pronunciation of the feminine singular relative pronoun with a damma on the 'lām'.

اللُّؤْيَاnoun

1.
diminutive of 'al-la' or 'al-la'i'classical
The diminutive form of the relative pronouns 'al-la' or 'al-la'i'.

اللُّوَيَاnoun

1.
diminutive of 'al-la' or 'al-la'i'classical
Another diminutive form of the relative pronouns 'al-la' or 'al-la'i'.

اللَّتِيَّاتpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., diminutive)classical
The plural of the diminutive feminine relative pronoun.

اللُّوَيَّاتpronoun

1.
which (fem. pl., diminutive)classical
Another plural of the diminutive feminine relative pronoun.

اللَّيْتnoun

1.
calamity (diminutive)classical
A diminutive form referring to a calamity, derived from 'al-lutt'.

لِتَالَتَىverb

1.
to be deficientclassical
To be lacking or deficient.

Parallel reading

وَهُوَ اسْمٌ مُبْهَمٌ لِلْمُؤَنَّثِ وَهُوَ مَعْرِفَةٌ لَا يَجُوزُ نَزْعُ اللَّامِ وَالْأَلِفِ مِنْهُ لِلتَّنْكِيرِ، وَلَا يَتِمُّ إِلَّا بِصِلَةٍ

It is an indefinite noun for the feminine, and it is definite; it is not permissible to remove the 'lām' and 'alif' from it for indefiniteness, and it is not complete except with a relative clause.

وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: اللَّاتِي، كَمَا فِي سَائِرِ النُّسَخِ فَلَا يُعْرَفُ وَلَا أَصْلَ لَهُ؛ وَلَا ذَكَرَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ فِي الْمُفْرَدِ، فَفِيهِ تَخْلِيطٌ لَا يَخْفَى نَبَّهَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْخُنَا

As for his saying: 'al-lātī', as in the other copies, it is unknown and has no basis; and none of the imams mentioned it in singular form, so it contains confusion that is not hidden, which our sheikh pointed out.

وَهِيَ اللَّتُّ فَعَلَتْ، وَهِيَ اللَّتُّ فَعَلَتْ؛ وَأَنْشَدَ لِأَقِيشِ بْنِ ذُهْلٍ الْعُكْلِيِّ: وَأَمْنَحُهُ اللَّتَّ لَا يَغِيبُ مِثْلُهَا إِذَا كَانَ نِيرَانُ الشِّتَاءِ نَوَائِمَا

And it is 'al-latt' she did, and it is 'al-latt' she did; and he recited for Aqish bin Dhuhl al-'Uklī: And I grant her the 'latt' whose like does not disappear when the fires of winter are sleeping.

وَإِيَّاهُ قَلَّدَ الْمُصَنِّفُ فَصَارَتِ اللُّغَاتُ أَرْبَعَةً، هَاتَانِ اللَّتَانِ ذُكِرَتَا، وَاللَّتُّ، بِكَسْرِ التَّاءِ؛ وَاللَّتُّ، بِإِسْكَانِهَا، حَكَاهُمَا اللِّحْيَانِيُّ

And the author followed him, so the languages became four: these two that were mentioned, and 'al-latt', with a kasra on the 't'; and 'al-latt', with a sukun on it, narrated by Al-Lihyani.

وَالْأَلِفُ وَاللَّامُ فِيهِمَا زَائِدَةٌ لَازِمَةٌ دَاخِلَةٌ لِغَيْرِ التَّعْرِيفِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُنَّ مُتَعَرِّفَاتٌ بِصِلَاتِهِنَّ كَالَّذِي، وَسَيُذْكَرُ

And the 'alif' and 'lam' in them are redundant and inseparable, entering for a reason other than definition. They are only defined by their relative clauses, like 'alladhi', and it will be mentioned later.

وَالَّلاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ

And those women who commit lewdness

وَاللاتُ، بِحَذْفِ الْيَاءِ وَإِبْقَاءِ الْكَسْرِ؛ وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُ الشَّاعِرِ: اللَّاتُ كَالْبِيضِ لَمَّا تُعَدَّ أَنْ دَرَسَتْ صُفْرَ الْأَنَامِلِ مِنْ قَرْعِ الْقَوَاقِيزِ

And 'al-lāt', with the 'yā' removed and the kasra remaining; and from it is the saying of the poet: 'Al-lāt' are like eggs when they have become worn, with yellow fingers from striking the pebbles.

وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ

And from it is His saying, the Almighty: And those [women] who despair of menstruation

وَرَأَيْتُ كَثِيرًا اسْتَعْمَلَ اللَّائِي لِجَمَاعَةِ الرِّجَالِ، فَقَالَ: أَبَى لَكُمْ أَنْ تُقَاسِرُوا وَنَفُوتَكُمْ بِسَيْلٍ مِنْ لَائِي تُعَادُونَ شَامِلُ

And I saw many use 'al-lā'ī' for a group of men, and he said: 'They refused you to contend, and we escaped you with a flood from those whom you oppose, encompassing.'

وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ الشَّاعِرِ: مِنَ النَّفَرِ اللَّاءِ الَّذِينَ إِذَا هُمْ يُهَابُ اللِّئَامُ حَلْقَةَ الْبَابِ قَعْقَعُوا

As for the saying of the poet: 'From the group of those who, when the base ones fear them, they rattle the door ring.'

فَإِنَّمَا جَازَ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُمَا لِاخْتِلَافِ اللَّفْظَيْنِ، أَوْ لِإِلْغَاءِ أَحَدِهِمَا

The combination of the two is permissible only because of the difference in the two words, or because one of them is disregarded.

وَإِنْ شِئْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنِّسَاءِ اللَّائِي، بِالْكَسْرِ بِلَا يَاءٍ، وَلَا مَدٍّ وَلَا هَمْزٍ. وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَهْمِزُ

And if you wish, you say for women 'al-lā'ī', with a kasra without a 'yā', without a long vowel, and without a hamza. And some of them use a hamza.

وَهُوَ الْكُمَيْتُ: وَكَانَتْ مِنْ اللَّأْ لَا يُعِيرُهَا ابْنُهَا إِذَا مَا الْغُلَامُ الْأَحْمَقُ الْأُمَّ عَيْرَا

And it is Al-Kumayt: And she was among those whom her son would not lend to when the foolish boy would lend the mother something.

وَهُوَ ثَمَانِيَةُ لُغَاتٍ فِي الْجَمْعِ، اقْتَصَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ مِنْهَا عَلَى خَمْسَةٍ وَهِيَ: اللَّاتِي وَاللَّتُّ وَاللَّوَاتِي وَاللَّوَاتُ وَاللَّوَى، وَمَا عَدَاهُنَّ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيدَهْ، قَالَ: وَكُلُّهُ جَمْعُ الَّتِي عَلَى غَيْرِ قِيَاسٍ

And it is eight languages for the plural, of which Al-Jawhari limited himself to five: 'al-lātī', 'al-latt', 'al-lawātī', 'al-lawāt', and 'al-lawā'. And the rest are from Ibn Sidah, who said: And all of them are pluralizations of 'allatī' not according to analogy.

وَفِي تَثْنِيَتِهَا ثَلَاثُ لُغَاتٍ: اللَّتَانِ، بِكَسْرِ النُّونِ وَتَخْفِيفِهِمَا، وَاللَّتَّانِ، بِتَشْدِيدِ النُّونِ، وَاللَّتَا، بِحَذْفِ النُّونِ؛ نَقَلَهُ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ

And in its dual form there are three languages: 'al-lattān', with a kasra on the 'nūn' and it being light, and 'al-lattān', with a shadda on the 'nūn', and 'al-lattā', with the 'nūn removed; narrated by Al-Jawhari.

يُقَالُ هُمَا اللَّتَانِ فَعَلَتَا وَاللَّتَا فَعَلَتَا

It is said: 'They are the two who did' and 'Al-lattā' they did.

وَبَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ أَدْخَلَ عَلَى الَّتِي حَرْفَ النِّدَاءِ، وَحُرُوفُ النِّدَاءِ لَا تَدْخُلُ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ الْأَلِفُ وَاللَّامُ إِلَّا فِي قَوْلِنَا: يَا أَللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، فَكَأَنَّهُ شَبَّهَهَا بِهِ مِنْ حَيْثُ كَانَتِ الْأَلِفُ وَاللَّامُ غَيْرَ مُفَارِقَتَيْنِ لَهَا

And some poets have introduced the vocative particle to 'allatī', and vocative particles do not enter what has 'alif' and 'lam' except in our saying: 'O Allah alone', so it is as if he likened it to it because the 'alif' and 'lam' are inseparable from it.

وَمِنْ أَجْلِكِ يَا الَّتِي تَيَّمَتْ قَلْبِي وَأَنْتِ بَخِيلَةٌ بِالْوُدِّ عَنِّي

And for your sake, O you who have captivated my heart, though you are stingy with affection towards me.

وَهُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَعَلَيْهِ اقْتَصَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ وَهُوَ مُخْتَارُ الْفَرَّاءِ

And it is the known form, and Al-Jawhari limited himself to it, and it is the preferred choice of Al-Farra'.

وَقَدْ بَيَّنْتُ فِي شَرْحِ الدُّرَّةِ أَنَّهُ لُغَةٌ جَائِزَةٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهَا قَلِيلَةٌ

And I have explained in the commentary on 'Al-Durrah' that it is a permissible language, although it is rare.

بَعْدَ اللُّتْيَا وَاللُّتْيَا وَالَّتِي إِذَا عَلَتْهَا نَفْسٌ تَرَدَّتْ

After this calamity and that calamity, and the one which, when a soul overcame it, it perished.

وَقَعَ فُلَانٌ فِي اللُّتْيَا وَالَّتِي

So-and-so fell into calamity and the like.

وَاللَّتِي، بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ الْمُشَدَّدَةِ وَكَسْرِهَا، لُغَةٌ مِثْلُ الَّذِي فِي الَّذِي نَقَلَهُ شَيْخُنَا

And 'al-luttī', with a damma on the shaddad 'yā' and a kasra on it, is a language like 'alladhī' in 'alladhī', as narrated by our sheikh.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ: اللَّتِي، كَغَنِي: الْمُلَازِمُ لِلْمَوْضِعِ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: هُوَ الْمَرْمَى

And Ibn Al-A'rabi said: 'Al-luttī', like 'ghanī': the one who stays in a place. And others said: it is the target.

وَتَصْغِيرُ اللَّائِي وَاللَّائِي: اللُّؤْيَا وَاللُّوَيَا

And the diminutive of 'al-lā'ī' and 'al-lā'ī' are 'al-lu'yā' and 'al-luwayā'.

وَتَصْغِيرُ اللَّاتِي: اللَّتِيَّاتُ وَاللُّوَيَّاتُ؛ كَمَا فِي الْمُحْكَمِ

And the diminutive of 'al-lātī' are 'al-latiyyāt' and 'al-luwayyāt'; as in 'Al-Muḥkam'.

وَإِذَا ثَنَّيْتَ الْمُصَغَّرَ أَوْ جَمَعْتَهُ حَذَفْتَ الْأَلِفَ وَقُلْتَ: اللَّتِيَّانِ وَاللَّتِيَّاتِ

And if you dualize the diminutive or pluralize it, you remove the 'alif' and say: 'al-latiyyān' and 'al-latiyyāt'.

وَحَكَى ابْنُ السِّكِّيتِ فِي تَصْغِيرِ اللَّتِّ، بِسُكُونِ التَّاءِ، وَاللَّيْتِ؛ وَمُخْتَارُ الْفَرَّاءِ اللَّيْتُ

And Ibn Al-Sikkit narrated in the diminutive of 'al-latt', with a sukun on the 't', is 'al-layt'; and the preferred choice of Al-Farra' is 'al-layt'.

وَلِتَالَتَى: إِذَا نَقَصَ؛ عَنِ ابْنِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ

And 'litalatā': if it is deficient; from Ibn Al-A'rabi.

كَأَنَّهُ مَقْلُوبٌ مِنْ لَاتَ أَوْ أَلَتَ

It is as if it is an inversion of 'lāta' or 'alta'.