كلو

Root entry · 8 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with the concept of duality and affirmation of two entities, specifically through the dual demonstrative pronouns 'kila' (masculine) and 'kilta' (feminine). It also touches upon the idea of being late or delayed.

Derived headwords

كَلَاparticle

1.
both (masculine dual)both
A word used to affirm or emphasize two masculine entities, functioning similarly to 'all' for a group but specifically for two.

رأيت كلا الرجلين — I saw both of the two men

جاءني كلا الرجلين — Both of the two men came to me

مررت بكلا الرجلين — I passed by both of the two men

كلا يومي أمامة يوم صد — Both of my days at Umama are days of turning away

كِلْتَاparticle

1.
both (feminine dual)both
A word used to affirm or emphasize two feminine entities, functioning similarly to 'all' for a group but specifically for two.

كلتا المرأتين كانت جميلة — Both of the two women was beautiful

كلتا الجنتين آتت أكلها — Both of the two gardens brought forth their fruit

كِلَيْهِمَاparticle

1.
both of them (masculine, accusative/genitive)both
The form of 'kila' when attached to a pronoun, used in the accusative and genitive cases.

أخواك مررت بكليهما — Your two brothers, I passed by both of them

كِلَاهُمَاparticle

1.
both of them (masculine, nominative)both
The form of 'kila' when attached to a pronoun, used in the nominative case.

أخواي جاءني كلاهما — My two brothers, both of them came to me

كُلْوَةname

1.
Kuluwah (place name)classical
A place name in the land of the Zanj.

كَلَاءverb

1.
to be lateclassical
To be delayed or to come late.

كُلَّاname

1.
Kalla (village name)classical
A village in Egypt, located in the Gharbia province, known as Kalla al-Bab.

كُلَّاname

1.
Kalla (village name)classical
Another village name, located in the Dungawiyah province.

Parallel reading

كلا، بالكسر: موضوعة للدلالة على اثنين

Kila, with kasra: is placed to indicate two.

فإذا ولي اسما ظاهرا كان في الرفع والنصب والخفض على حالة واحدة بالألف

When it is followed by an explicit noun, it remains in the nominative, accusative, and genitive states uniformly with an alif.

فإذا اتصل بمضمر قلبت الألف ياء في موضع الجر والنصب

When it is attached to a pronoun, the alif is inverted to a ya' in the genitive and accusative positions.

فقلت: رأيت كليهما، ومررت بكليهما

So you say: I saw both of them, and I passed by both of them.

وهو اسم مفرد غير مثنى؛ فإذا ولي اسما ظاهرا كان في الرفع والنصب والخفض على حالة واحدة بالألف

It is a singular noun, not dual; when followed by an explicit noun, it remains in the nominative, accusative, and genitive states uniformly with an alif.

ولا يكونان إلا مضافين

And they are only used in an إضافة (construct state).

لا ينفصلان عن الإضافة

They are inseparable from the إضافة (construct state).

ولو تكلم به لقيل كل وكلت

And if one were to speak of it (as singular), it would be said 'kull' and 'kult'.

فثبت أنه اسم مفرد كمعى إلا أنه وضع ليدل على التثنية

So it is established that it is a singular noun like 'ma'a', except that it is used to indicate duality.

فصار بالياء مع المضمر في النصب والجر لأن على لا تقع إلا منصوبة أو مجرورة ولا تستعمل مرفوعة

So it became with a ya' with the pronoun in the accusative and genitive because 'ala' is only used in the accusative or genitive and is not used in the nominative.

وأما كلتا التي للتأنيث فإن سيبويه يقول ألفها للتأنيث والتاء بدل من لام الفعل، وهي واو، والأصل كلوا

As for 'kilta' which is for the feminine, Sibawayh says its alif is for feminization and the ta' is a substitute for the verb's lam, which is a waw, and the original is 'kiluwa'.

كلا أخويك كان قائما، لا كانا

Both of your two brothers was standing, not 'kana' (they both were).

وكلتا المرأتين كانت جميلة، لا كانتا جميلتين

And both of the two women was beautiful, not 'kanata jamilatayn' (they both were beautiful).

مررت بكلا الرجلين، وجاءني كلا الرجلين، يستوي فيها إذا أضفتها إلى ظاهر الرفع والنصب والخفض

I passed by both of the two men, and both of the two men came to me; it is the same when you add it to an explicit noun in the nominative, accusative, and genitive.

فقالوا: أخواك مررت بكليهما، يجعلون نصبها وخفضها بالياء

So they said: Your two brothers, I passed by both of them, making its accusative and genitive with a ya'.

وأخواي جاءني كلاهما جعلوا رفع الاثنين بالألف

And my two brothers, both of them came to me, they made the nominative of the dual with an alif.

كلا أبويكم كان فردا دعامة

Both of your two fathers was a single support.

وغدت كلا الفرجين تحسب أنهمولى المخافة خلفها وأمامها

And she went to both of the two openings, thinking they were the one to be feared, behind her and in front of her.

كلا الرجلين قائم وكلتا المرأتين قائمة

Both of the two men is standing, and both of the two women is standing.

كلا الرجلين أفاك أثيم

Both of the two men are deceitful, sinful.