طَرَا عليهم طَرًّا و طَرُوا، كعلو؛ وضبطه في المحكم بالفتح؛ أتى من غير أن يعلموا
They arrived upon them unexpectedly and they arrived, like 'alu; and its vocalization in Al-Muhkam is with fatha; meaning they came without them knowing.
وقال الليث: خرج عليهم من مكان بعيد؛ لغة في الهمز.
And Al-Layth said: They came out upon them from a distant place; a variant pronunciation of the hamzated word.
فَالطَّرَا: كل ما كان من غير جبلة الأرض؛
So Al-Tira: is everything that is not part of the earth's natural composition;
وَقِيلَ: الطَّرَا مَا لا يُحْصَى عَدَدُهُ مِنْ صُنُوفِ الخَلْقِ.
And it was said: Al-Tira is what cannot be counted of the kinds of creation.
وقال الليث: الطَّرَا يَكْثُرُ بِهِ عَدَدُ الشَّيْءِ.
And Al-Layth said: Al-Tira increases the number of a thing.
يُقَالُ: هُمْ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الطَّرَا وَالثَّرَى؛
It is said: They are more numerous than Al-Tira and Al-Thara (dust and pebbles);
فِي أَحَدِ القَوْلَيْنِ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ عَلَى وَجْهِ الأَرْضِ مِمَّا لَيْسَ مِنْ جِبْلَةِ الأَرْضِ مِنَ الحَصْبَاءِ وَالتُّرَابِ وَنَحْوِهِ فَهُوَ الطَّرَا.
In one of the opinions, everything on the face of the earth that is not part of the earth's composition, such as gravel, dust, and the like, is Al-Tira.
وَالطَّرِيُّ، كَغَنِيٍّ: الغَضُّ الجَدِيدُ؛
And Al-Tari, like ghani: is the fresh, new;
وَبِهِ فَسَّرَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: {تَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا}.
And with this, he interpreted the Almighty's saying: {You eat fresh meat}.
وَقَدْ طَرِيَ اللَّحْمُ، كَكَرُمَ، وَطَرِيَ، كَعَلِمَ، طَرَاوَةً وَطَرَاءَةً
And the meat became fresh, like karuma, and it became fresh, like 'alima, with freshness and newness
وَطَرَاهُ تَطْرِيَةً: جَعَلَهُ طَرِيًّا؛
And he made it fresh with a making fresh: meaning he made it fresh;
قَالَ الرَّاجِزُ: قُلْتُ لِطَاهِينَا المُطَرِّي لِلْعَمَلِ عَجِّلْ لَنَا هَذَا فَأَلْحِقْنَا بِذلِ بِالشَّحْمِ إِنَّا قَدْ أَجْمَنَاهُ بِجِلْ
The poet said: I said to our cook, the one who prepares the food: Hasten this for us, and join us with this fat, for we have preserved it with skin.
وَطَرَّى (الطِّيبَ) تَطْرِيَةً: فَتَقَهُ بِأَخْلَاطٍ وَخَلَطَهُ؛ وَكَذَا الطَّعَامُ إِذَا خَلَطَهُ بِالأَفَاوِيَةِ.
And he perfumed (the incense) with a perfuming: meaning he mixed it with ingredients and blended it; and likewise food when it is mixed with spices.
وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: المُطْرَاةُ ضَرْبٌ مِنْ طِيبٍ.
And Al-Layth said: Al-Mutraah is a type of perfume.
يُقَالُ لِلأَلْوَةِ المُطْرَاةُ إِذَا طُرِّيَتْ بِطِيبٍ أَوْ عَنْبَرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ.
Al-Ood (incense wood) is called Al-Mutraah if it is perfumed with incense, ambergris, or other substances.
وَأَطْرَاهُ: أَحْسَنَ الثَّنَاءَ عَلَيْهِ؛
And he praised him excessively: meaning he gave him excellent praise;
وَقَالَ الرَّاوِي: الإِطْرَاءُ: مَدْحٌ يُجَدِّدُ ذِكْرَ هَمْ.
And Al-Rawi said: Al-Itra' is praise that renews the mention of their deeds.
وَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: أَطْرَاهُ زَادَ فِي الثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ.
And Abu Amr said: He praised him excessively, meaning he increased his praise.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ فَارِسٍ: مَدَحَهُ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا فِيهِ؛
And Ibn Faris said: He praised him with the best qualities he possessed;
وَقَالَ الأَزْهَرِيُّ: مَدَحَهُ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ.
And Al-Azhari said: He praised him with qualities he did not possess.
وَقَالَ الهَرَوِيُّ وَابْنُ الأَثِيرِ: الإِطْرَاءُ مُجَاوَزَةُ الحَدِّ فِي المَدْحِ وَالكَذِبِ فِيهِ؛
And Al-Harawi and Ibn Al-Athir said: Al-Itra' is exceeding the limit in praise and lying within it;
وَبِهِ فَسَّرَ الحَدِيثَ: (لا تُطْرُونِي كَمَا أَطْرَتِ النَّصَارَى عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ،
And with this, he interpreted the Hadith: {Do not praise me excessively as the Christians praised Jesus son of Mary,
لأَنَّهُمْ مَدَحُوهُ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ، فَقَالُوا: ثَالِثُ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَإِنَّهُ ابْنُ اللهِ وَشِبْهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ شِرْكِهِمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ)
because they praised him with what was not in him, saying: He is the third of three, and he is the son of God, and similar things from their polytheism and disbelief).
وَالإِطْرِيَّةُ، بِالكَسْرِ؛ وَقَالَ الجَوْهَرِيُّ: مِثَالُ الهِبْرِيَّةِ؛ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ الفَتْحُ أَيْضًا، وَتَبِعَهُ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ؛ قَالَ الأَزْهَرِيُّ: الفَتْحُ لَحْنٌ؛ طَعَامٌ كَالخُيُوطِ يَتَّخِذُ مِنْ الدَّقِيقِ.
And Al-Itriyyah, with kasra; and Al-Jawhari said: like Al-Hibriyyah; and it was narrated from Al-Layth with fatha as well, and Al-Zamakhshari followed him; Al-Azhari said: fatha is an error; a food like threads made from flour.
وَقَالَ شَمِرٌ: شَيْءٌ يُعْمَلُ مِنَ النَّشَاسْتَجِ المُتَلَبِّقَةِ.
And Shamir said: Something made from sticky starch.
وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: طَعَامٌ يَتَّخِذُهُ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ، لَا وَاحِدَ لَهُ.
And Al-Layth said: A food that the people of Sham make, it has no singular form.
وَقَالَ الجَوْهَرِيُّ: ضَرْبٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ، وَيُقَالُ: هُوَ لَاخَشَهْ بِالفَارِسِيَّةِ.
And Al-Jawhari said: A type of food, and it is said: it is 'lakhsheh' in Persian.
وَاطْرَوْرَى الرَّجُلُ اطْرِيَرَاءً: اتَّخَمَ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الأَكْلِ.
And the man became overfull with overfullness: meaning he became stuffed from excessive eating.
وَانْتَفَخَ بَطْنُهُ، وَالظَّاءُ لُغَةٌ فِيهِ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي.
And his stomach became bloated, and the letter 'zaa' is a variant pronunciation for it as will be mentioned.
وَأَطْرُوَانُ الشَّبَابِ، بِالضَّمِّ: أَوَّلُهُ وَغَلَوَاؤُهُ؛ فَهُوَ كَالعُنْفُوَانِ زِنَةً وَمَعْنًى.
And Atruwan of youth, with damma: is its beginning and its peak; so it is like 'unfuwan' in weight and meaning.
وَمِمَّا يُسْتَدْرَكُ عَلَيْهِ: هُوَ مُطْرِيٌّ فِي نَفْسِهِ: أَيْ مُتَجَبِّرٌ.
And among what is to be added: he is Mutri in himself: meaning arrogant.
وَطَرَّى البِنَاءَ تَطْرِيَةً: طَيَّنَهُ؛ لُغَةٌ مَكِّيَّةٌ؛
And he plastered the building with plastering: meaning he applied mud to it; a Meccan dialect;
وَالطَّرِيُّ، كَغَنِيٍّ: الغَرِيبُ
And Al-Tari, like ghani: the stranger
وَطَرَا: إِذَا مَضَى.
And Tara: when it passes.
وَطَرَا: إِذَا تَجَدَّدَ.
And Tara: when it renews.
وَحَكَى أَبُو عَمْرٍو: رَجُلٌ طَارِئٌ، بِالتَّشْدِيدِ: أَيْ غَرِيبٌ.
And Abu Amr narrated: A man is Tari, with shadda: meaning a stranger.
وَيُقَالُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَطْرُوَانِيَّةٌ، بِالضَّمِّ يَعْنِي الشَّبَابَ.
And everything is called Atruwaniyyah, with damma, meaning youth.
وَأَطْرَيْتُ العَسَلَ: أَعْقَدْتُهُ وَأَخْثَرْتُهُ؛ عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ.
And I thickened the honey with thickening: meaning I concentrated it and made it viscous; from Abu Zayd.
وَغَسْلَةٌ مَطْرَاةٌ: أَيْ مُرَبَّاةٌ بِالأَفَاوِيهِ يُغْسَلُ بِهَا الرَّأْسُ أَوْ اليَدُ.
And a wash is Matraah: meaning prepared with spices, with which the head or hand is washed.
وَالعُودُ المَطْرِيُّ: مِثْلُ المَطِيرِ يُبَخَّرُ بِهِ.
And Al-Ood Al-Matri: is like Al-Mateer, with which one perfumes.
وَالطُّرَيَّانُ، بِكَسْرَتَيْنِ وَتَشْدِيدِ اليَاءِ، الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ الخِوَانُ؛ عَنِ ابْنِ السِّكِّيتِ؛
And Al-Turyan, with two kasras and a shadda on the ya, that which is eaten upon, and it is the dining table; from Ibn Al-Sikkit;
وَقَالَ ابْنُ الأَعْرَابِيِّ: هُوَ الطَّبَقُ؛ وَقَدْ جَاءَ ذِكْرُهُ فِي الحَدِيثِ.
And Ibn Al-A'rabi said: it is the tray; and its mention has come in the Hadith.
وَفِي الأَسَاسِ: وَجَاءُوا بِالطُّرَيَّانِ، عَلَيْهِ الطُّرَيَّانُ: وَهُمَا السَّمَكُ وَالرُّطْبُ وَالطَّبَقُ الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ عَلَيْهِ، رُوِيَ بِشَدِّ الرَّاءِ كَصَلِّيَانٍ، وَرُوِيَ بِشَدِّ اليَاءِ كَعَفْتَانٍ.
And in Al-Asas: And they brought Al-Turyan, upon it Al-Turyan: meaning fish and dates and the tray upon which they eat, narrated with a shadda on the ra like salyaan, and narrated with a shadda on the ya like 'aftan.
وَابْنُ الطَّرَاوَةِ: مِنْ نُحَاةِ الأَنْدَلُسِ.
And Ibn Al-Tarawah: is from the grammarians of Andalusia.
وَطَرَا، بِالضَّمِّ: قُرْبَ مِصْرَ عَلَى النِّيلِ، وَبِقُرْبِهِ مَسْجِدُ مُوسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، تُقْطَعُ مِنْ جِبَالِهَا الحِجَارَةُ البِيضُ، وَبِالقُرْبِ مِنْهَا قَرْيَةٌ أُخْرَى تُعْرَفُ بِالمِعْصَرَةِ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُمَا.
And Tara, with damma: is near Egypt on the Nile, and near it is the mosque of Moses, peace be upon him, from its mountains white stones are cut, and near it is another village known as Al-Mi'sarah, and I have seen them both.
قَالَ المُنْذِرِيُّ: وَقَدْ دَخَلْتُ طَرَا مَعَ وَالِدِي.
Al-Mundhiri said: And I entered Tara with my father.
وَمِنْهَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ القَوِيِّ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الطَّرَائِيُّ، تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ 633.
And among them is Abu Muhammad Abd Al-Qawi bin Ubaid bin Muhammad bin Ali Al-Tira'i, who passed away in the year 633.