خشي

Root entry · 28 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and awe. It extends to related ideas like reverence, caution, and even understanding or knowing, particularly when fear is mixed with respect or when it implies a deep realization.

Derived headwords

خَشِيَverb

1.
to fearboth
To experience fear or apprehension towards something or someone.
2.
to revereboth
To fear with a sense of awe, respect, and reverence.

خَشْيَاnoun

1.
fearboth
The state of being afraid or apprehensive.

مَخْشَاةnoun

1.
fearclassical
A source or object of fear; the feeling of fear itself.

مَخْشِيَةnoun

1.
fearclassical
A source or object of fear; the feeling of fear itself.

خِشْيَةnoun

1.
fearboth
The feeling of fear, often mixed with awe and reverence.

خُشَاةnoun

1.
fearclassical
A source or object of fear.

خَشْيَانnoun

1.
fearclassical
A state of fear or apprehension.

تَخَشَّاهُverb

1.
to fear himboth
To fear him; derived from the verb 'to fear'.

تَخَشِّيَةnoun

1.
causing fearclassical
The act of causing someone to fear; instilling fear.

خَشِيَverb

1.
to fear himboth
To fear him, referring to the object of fear.

تَخَشَّاهُverb

1.
to fear himboth
To fear him, often implying a degree of reverence or awe.

خَاشٍadjective

1.
fearfulboth
One who fears; experiencing fear.

خَشِيٌّadjective

1.
fearfulboth
One who fears; experiencing fear.

خَشْيَانadjective

1.
fearfulclassical
One who fears; experiencing fear.

خَشْيَىadjective

1.
fearfulboth
One who fears; experiencing fear.

خَشْيَانَةadjective

1.
fearfulclassical
A fearful woman; one who fears everything.

خَشَايَاnoun

1.
fearsclassical
Plural of fear, treated metaphorically as ailments.

خَشَّاهُverb

1.
to make him fearboth
To cause someone to fear.

تَخْشِيَةnoun

1.
causing fearboth
The act of instilling fear in someone.

خَشَّانِيverb

1.
to be more fearful than himboth
To be more fearful than someone else.

أَخْشَىadjective

1.
more fearfulboth
More fearful or more frightening.

الخَشِيّadjective

1.
dry plantclassical
Dry, withered plant.

الخَشَّاءnoun

1.
barren landclassical
A barren or desolate part of the earth.

خَشِيَnoun

1.
dry plantclassical
Dry, withered plant.

خَشِيَverb

1.
to hopeclassical
To hope for something.
2.
to knowclassical
To know or realize something.
3.
to dislikeclassical
To dislike or find something repugnant.

خَاشَىverb

1.
to avoid himclassical
To avoid or shun someone.
2.
to be cautious of themclassical
To be cautious or wary of a group of people.

مُخَاشَاةnoun

1.
avoidanceclassical
The act of avoiding or shunning.

مَخْشِيّname

1.
Makshiclassical
A proper name.

Parallel reading

وقد قصر عما للمصنف إذ يبقى عليه! تخشاة إلا أن يقال إنه لم يذكرها لغرابتها إذا قيل إنها لا تعرف عن غير المصنف

And he fell short of what the author mentioned, as 'takhshāh' remains with him, unless it is said that he did not mention it due to its rarity, as it is said not to be known from anyone other than the author.

وأما تخشاة الذي ظنه مصدرا فليس هو كما ظنه بل هو معطوف على قوله خشيه وهو فعل ماض من باب التفعل.

As for 'takhshāh', which he thought was a masdar, it is not as he thought; rather, it is conjoined to his statement 'khashiyahu', and it is a past tense verb from the pattern 'tafa'ala'.

خشيه (وتخشاه) ، كلاهما بمعنى (خافه).

'Khashiyahu' (and 'takhshāhu'), both mean 'he feared him'.

هذا هو الحق في سياق المصنف وسبب هذا الغلط عدم وجود النسخ المضبوطة المصححة

This is the truth in the context of the author, and the reason for this error is the absence of controlled and corrected manuscripts.

فربما يعتمد الإنسان على كلمة غير مضبوطة أو ضبطت على خطأ فينسبها للمصنف

So, a person might rely on an uncontrolled word or one that was incorrectly controlled and attribute it to the author.

فإنه ذكر في شرحه على ورد السحر عند قوله: عالى الدرج، فضبطه بضمتين، وأنه جمع درجة محركة، وساق عبارة المصنف بنصه، وفي آخرها جمعه درج، فسبق على ظنه أنه جمع للدرجة، وإنما هو جمع للدرجة، بالضم، للخرقة

For he mentioned in his commentary on 'Ward al-Sihr' when he said: 'ʿālī al-daraj', he vocalized it with two dammah, and that it is a plural of 'darajah' (degree) with a vowel, and he cited the author's phrase verbatim, and at its end, its plural is 'daraj', so it occurred to him that it is a plural for 'darajah', but it is actually a plural for 'darajah' (with dammah), meaning a rag.

ونحن ذكرنا لك الذي في المحكم وأنه ساق فيه على هذا النمط ما عدا خشيا بالكسر، فإنه ذكره الصاغاني في التكملة

And we have mentioned to you what is in 'Al-Muhkam', and that it cited in it in this manner, except for 'khashyan' with a kasrah, for Al-Saghani mentioned it in 'Al-Takmilah'.

وبقي عليه أيضا} خشيا، بالكسر، فإنها في كلام المصنف دون ابن مالك، هو صحيح ولم يذكره في المحكم أيضا.

And 'khashyan', with a kasrah, also remained with him, for it is in the author's words, not Ibn Malik's; this is correct, and he did not mention it in 'Al-Muhkam' either.

ثم قال: ويبقى النظر في ذكرهم! خشيان، مع ما قررناه فغير مرة أن فعلان، بالفتح لا يعرف في المصادر إلا في كلمتين ليان وشنان في لغة، ولم يذكروا {الخشيان في المستثنى بل قالوا لا ثالث لهما، والله أعلم فتأمل.

Then he said: And the consideration remains regarding their mention of 'khashyan', with what we have established multiple times that 'fa'alan', with a fatha, is not known in masdars except for two words, 'layān' and 'shannān' in a dialect, and they did not mention 'al-khashyān' among the exceptions, but rather said there is no third one, and God knows best, so ponder.

وكأن ابن مالك سكنه لضرورة الشعر على أني وجدت بخط الأرموي في نسخة المحكم} خشيانا، بالكسر، فعلى هذا لا ضرورة، فتأمل.

And it is as if Ibn Malik made it quiescent out of poetic necessity, although I found in Al-Armawi's handwriting in a copy of 'Al-Muhkam' 'khashyānan', with a kasrah, so in this case, there is no necessity, so ponder.

ثم تفسيره {الخشية بالخوف صريح في ترادفهما، والذي صرح به الراغب وغيره أن الخشية خوف مشوب بعظمة ومهابة

Then his interpretation of 'al-khashyah' as 'al-khawf' is explicit in their synonymy, and what Al-Raghib and others stated is that 'al-khashyah' is a fear mixed with greatness and awe.

وقال قوم: خوف مقترن بتعظيم، وكلاهما صحيح ظاهر.

And a group said: fear coupled with veneration, and both are correct and apparent.

وهو} خاش {وخش) } وخشيان؛ الأخير اقتصر عليه الجوهري؛ (وهي {خشيى) ، على القياس؛ ويقال أيضا:} خشيانة، على خلافه، كما جزم به المرزوقي.

And he is 'khāshin' and 'khashiyun' and 'khashyān'; the latter was limited to by Al-Jawhari; and she is 'khashyā', by analogy; and it is also said: 'khashyānah', contrary to it, as Al-Marzuqi asserted.

ولعله في لغة أسد.

And perhaps it is in the dialect of Asad.

وفي التكملة: امرأة خشيانة: {تخشى كل شيء: (ج) أي جمعهما معا (} خشايا) ، أجروه مجرى الأدواء كحباطى وحباجى ونحوهما لأن الخشية كالداء.

And in 'Al-Takmilah': a fearful woman: 'takhshā kull shay' (fears everything): (plural) meaning the plural of both together is 'khashāyā', they treated it like ailments such as 'hubāṭā' and 'hubājā' and the like, because fear is like a disease.

وخشاه (بالأمر (تخشية) : أي (خوفه).

And 'khashshāhu' (with the command) 'takhshiyatan': meaning 'he made him fear'.

يقال: خش ذؤالة بالحبالة، يعني الذئب؛ نقله الجوهري.

It is said: 'khashsha dhuaalah bil-hibālah', meaning the wolf; Al-Jawhari transmitted this.

وفي المثل: لقد كنت وما أخشى بالذئب، أي ما أخوف.

And in the proverb: 'Laqad kuntu wa mā akhshā bidh-dhi'b', meaning 'I was not afraid of the wolf'.

(و) يقال: (خاشاني فلان (فخشيته) ، بالفتح،} أخشيه، بالكسر عن أبي عبيد، أي (كنت أشد منه! خشية) ؛ نقله الجوهري.

And it is said: 'Khāshānī fulān fa-khashaytuhu', with a fatha, 'ukhshīhi', with a kasrah, according to Abu Ubaid, meaning 'I was more fearful than him'; Al-Jawhari transmitted this.

(و) يقال: (هذا المكان أخشى من ذاك، (أي أخوف).

And it is said: 'This place is 'akhshā' than that', meaning 'more fearful'.

وفي الصحاح: أي أشد خوفا؛ قال العجاج: فقطعت أخشاه إذا ما أحبجا

And in 'Al-Siḥāḥ': meaning 'more fearful'; Al-ʿAjjāj said: 'Fa-qaṭaʿtu akhshāhu idhā mā aḥbajā'.

وفي المحكم: جاء فيه التعجب من المفعول، وهذا (نادر)، وقد حكى سيبويه منه أشياء.

And in 'Al-Muhkam': The exclamatory form from the passive participle came in it, and this is 'rare', and Sibawayh narrated things from it.

(و) {الخشي، (كغني يابس النبت) ؛ مثل الحشي بالحاء؛ نقله الجوهري عن الأصمعي ولكنه قال: اليابس ولم يذكر النبت.

And 'al-khashiyy', like 'ghaniyy' (dry plant); like 'al-ḥashiyy' with a haa'; Al-Jawhari transmitted this from Al-Asma'i, but he said: 'dry' and did not mention 'plant'.

وقال ابن الأعرابي: هو اليابس العفن؛ وأنشد:

And Ibn Al-A'rabi said: It is dry and rotten; and he recited:

كأن صوت شخبها إذا خمى صوت أفاع في} خشي أغشمايحسبه الجاهل ما كان عمى شيخا على كرسيه معممالو أنه أبان أو تكلما لكان إياه ولكن أحجما

As if the sound of its dripping when it subsided was the sound of snakes in dry, withered land, whom the ignorant person thought was a blind old man on his turbaned chair, if he had spoken or articulated, it would have been him, but he held back.

وقال المنذري: استفتيت فيه شيخنا أبا العباس فقال: يقال فيه خشي وحشي؛ نقله الأزهري؛ وأنشد ابن بري:

And Al-Mundhiri said: I asked our shaykh Abu Al-Abbas about it, and he said: It is said 'khashiyy' and 'ḥashiyy' for it; Al-Azhari transmitted this; and Ibn al-Bari recited:

كأن صوت خلفها والخلفوالقادمين عند قنص الكف صوت أفاع في خشي القف

As if the sound of those behind her and those coming when the palm is hunted was the sound of snakes in the dry desert.

وأنشد الجوهري للراجز، وهو صخر: إن بني الأسود أخوال أبيفإن عندي لو ركبت مسحلي سم ذراريح رطاب! وخشي قال ابن بري: أراد {وخشي فحذف إحدى الياءين ضرورة، فمن حذف الأول اعتل بالزيادة، وقال: حذف الزائد أخف من حذف الأصل، ومن حذف الأخيرة فلأن الوزن إنما ارتدع هنالك.

And Al-Jawhari recited for the rajaz, and he is Sakhr: 'Indeed, the sons of Banu Al-Aswad are the maternal uncles of my father, for I have, if I rode my saddle, the finest of moist offspring! And khashiyy.' Ibn al-Bari said: He intended 'wa khashiyy' and deleted one of the yaa's out of necessity. As for deleting the first, it is due to the addition, and he said: deleting the added letter is lighter than deleting the original. And as for deleting the last, it is because the meter only stopped there.

(} والخشاء، كسماء: الجهاد من الأرض) ؛ نقله الصاغاني.

And 'al-khashshā', like 'samā' (barren land from the earth); Al-Saghani transmitted this.

الخشية: الرجاء؛ نقله الراغب، وبه فسر حديث عمر: (قال له ابن عباس: لقد أكثرت من الدعاء بالموت حتى {خشيت أن يكون ذلك أسهل لك عند نزوله، أي رجوت؛ قال الجوهري: وقول الشاعر:

Al-khashyah: hope; Al-Raghib transmitted this, and with it he interpreted the hadith of Umar: (Ibn Abbas said to him: You have prayed for death so much that you 'khashīta' that it might be easier for you when it comes, meaning you hoped; Al-Jawhari said: And the poet's saying:

ولقد خشيت بأن من تبع الهدى سكن الجنان مع النبي محمدصلى الله عليه وسلم قالوا: معناه علمت.

And I feared that whoever followed guidance would dwell in Paradise with the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. They said: its meaning is 'I knew'.

قلت: ويحتمل أن يكون معناه رجوت.

I say: And it is possible that its meaning is 'I hoped'.

وقوله، عز وجل: {} فخشينا أن يرهقهما طغيانا وكفرا} ؛ قال الفراء: أي فعلمنا. وقال الزجاج: هو من كلام الخضر، ومعناه كرهنا.

And His saying, the Almighty: 'So We feared that he would overwhelm them with transgression and disbelief'; Al-Farra' said: meaning 'so We knew'. And Al-Zajjaj said: It is from the words of Al-Khidr, and its meaning is 'We disliked'.

{وخاشى فلانا} مخاشاة: تاركه.

And 'khāshā fulānan' 'mukhāshātan': meaning 'to leave him'.

وخاشى بهم: أي اتقى عليهم وحذر فانحاز.

And 'khāshā bihim': meaning 'he feared for them and was cautious, so he withdrew'.