سنه

Root entry · 21 derived lemmas

The root سنه primarily relates to the concept of a year, encompassing its duration and associated phenomena like drought and famine. It also extends to the idea of something enduring over time, changing or remaining unchanged, and the cyclical bearing of fruit in plants.

Derived headwords

السَّنَةnoun

1.
yearboth
A period of twelve months, a year.
2.
drought, famineclassical
A period of severe drought and famine, often used to describe a harsh, barren time.

السنة أطول من العام — The year is longer than the 'aam.

أصابتهم السنة — The drought afflicted them.

سَنَةnoun

1.
yearboth
A year, a duration of twelve months.
2.
drought, famineclassical
A period of severe drought and famine.

اللهم أعني على مضر بالسنة — O Allah, help me against the tribe of Mudar with drought.

سِنونnoun

1.
yearsboth
Plural of سنة (year).
2.
droughts, faminesclassical
Plural of سنة (drought/famine).

فإن سنين هل لعبن بنا شيبا وشيبننا — For the years, have they not played with us, making us old and making us old?

سَنَهاتnoun

1.
yearsboth
Plural of سنة (year).
2.
droughts, faminesclassical
Plural of سنة (drought/famine).

سَنَواتnoun

1.
yearsboth
Plural of سنة (year).

عتقت في القلال من بيت رأس سنوات — It aged in the jars from Beit Ras for years.

سَنِيّاتnoun

1.
yearsboth
Plural of سنة (year).
2.
severe droughtsclassical
Plural of سنية (severe drought).

وقعوا في السنيات البيض — They fell into the white years (severe droughts).

سَنِيَّةnoun

1.
severe droughtclassical
A severe drought or famine, often used in the diminutive for emphasis.

فأصابتها سنية حمراء — And a red drought afflicted it.

سَنِهَverb

1.
to change, to alterclassical
To change or become altered, especially over time.

تَسَنَّهَverb

1.
to change, to alterclassical
To change or become altered, especially over time.

لم يتسنه — it has not changed.

سَانَهَverb

1.
to deal with, to treatclassical
To deal with someone or something, or to hire someone for a specific task.
2.
to bear fruit (for a palm tree)classical
For a palm tree to bear fruit in one year and not the next.

عامله بالسنة — He dealt with him for the year.

سانهت النخلة: حملت سنة — The palm tree bore fruit one year.

مُسَانَهَةnoun

1.
dealing, treatmentclassical
The act of dealing with or treating someone or something.

سِنَاهَاnoun

1.
bearing fruit (for a palm tree)classical
The act of a palm tree bearing fruit in one year and not the next.

مُسَانَاةnoun

1.
bearing fruit (for a palm tree)classical
The act of a palm tree bearing fruit in one year and not the next.

سِنْهَاءadjective

1.
bearing fruit cyclicallyclassical
Describing a palm tree that bears fruit in one year but not the next.
2.
barren, without vegetationclassical
Describing land that is barren, without plants or rain.

وهي سنهاء — And it is a palm tree that bears fruit one year and not another.

التَّسَنُّهnoun

1.
container, vesselclassical
A container or vessel that holds food, drink, or other items.

طَعَامٌ سَنِهٌadjective

1.
aged, time-wornclassical
Food or drink that has been around for a long time, over which years have passed.

مُتَسَنِّهadjective

1.
aged, time-wornclassical
Food or drink that has been around for a long time, over which years have passed.

خبز متسنه — Aged bread.

تَسَنَّهَ عِنْدَهُverb

1.
to stay for a yearclassical
To stay with someone for a year.

تسنهت عنده، كتسنيت — He stayed with him for a year, like staying for a year.

سُنَيِّهَةnoun

1.
small yearclassical
A diminutive form of سنة (year), used for emphasis or to denote a specific type of year.

سُنَيْنَةnoun

1.
small yearclassical
A diminutive form of سنة (year), used for emphasis or to denote a specific type of year.

أَسْنَتُواverb

1.
to experience drought/famineclassical
To experience a period of drought and famine.

Parallel reading

السنة أطول من العام

The year is longer than the 'aam.

وقد تقدم في (ع وم)

And it has been previously mentioned under (ʿ-w-m).

وذكر المصنف السنة هنا بناء على القول بأن لامها هاء ويعيدها في المعتل على أن لامها واو، وكلاهما صحيح

And the author mentioned the year here based on the opinion that its final letter is a haa', and he will mention it again under the defective roots with its final letter being a waw; both are correct.

فإن التصريف شاهد لكل منهما

For the conjugation is evidence for both of them.

بكسر السين

with a kasra on the seen.

وبعضهم يقول بضم السين

And some of them say with a damma on the seen.

السنة منقوصة، والذاهب منها يجوز أن يكون هاء وواوا

The year is defective, and what is missing from it may be a haa' or a waw.

بدليل قولهم في جمعها: (سنهات وسنوات)

as evidenced by their saying in its plural: (sanahaat and sanawaat).

الدليل على أن لام سنة واو قولهم سنوات

The evidence that the final letter of 'sanah' is a waw is their saying 'sanawaat'.

عتقت في القلال من بيت رأس سنوات

It aged in the jars from Beit Ras for years.

السنة مطلقة: القحط

The year (sanah) absolutely means: drought.

وكذلك المجدبة من الأراضي

And likewise, barren lands.

أوقعوا ذلك عليها وعليها إكبارا لها وتشنيعا واستطالة

They applied that to it and to it out of reverence for it, and to emphasize and prolong it.

يقال: أصابتهم السنة

It is said: The drought afflicted them.

والجمع من كل ذلك سنهات وسنون

And the plural of all of that is sanahaat and sunoon.

كسروا السين ليعلم بذلك أنه قد أخرج عن بابه إلى الجمع بالواو والنون

They put a kasra on the seen to indicate that it has deviated from its usual pattern to a plural with waw and noon.

وقد قالوا سنينا

And they have said 'sanina'.

دعاني من نجد فإن سنينهلعبن بنا شيبا وشيبننا

Call me from Najd, for the years have played with us, making us old and making us old.

ثبات نونها مع الإضافة يدل على أنها مشبهة بنون قنسرين فيمن قال: هذه قنسرين

The stability of its noon with annexation indicates that it is analogous to the noon of Qunsurin for those who say: This is Qunsurin.

وبعض العرب يقول هذه سنين، كما ترى، ورأيت سنينا فيعرب النون

And some Arabs say 'hathihi sanin', as you see, and I saw 'saninan' and they treat the noon.

وبعضهم يجعلها نون الجمع فيقول هذه سنون ورأيت سنين

And some of them make it the noon of the plural, saying 'hathihi sunoon' and I saw 'saninan'.

وأصل السنة السنهة مثال الجبهة، فحذفت لامها ونقلت حركتها إلى النون فبقيت سنة

And the origin of 'sanah' is 'sanahah' like 'jabhah', so its final letter was removed and its vowel was transferred to the noon, leaving 'sanah'.

وقيل: أصلها سنوة بالواو، كما حذفت الهاء

And it is said: its origin is 'sanwah' with a waw, just as the haa' was removed.

ويقال: هذه بلاد سنين، أي جدبة

And it is said: These are lands of 'sanin', meaning barren.

بمنخرق تحن الريح فيهحنين الجلب في البلد السنين

In a gaping place where the wind moans with the moaning of the caravan in the barren land.

أرض بني فلان سنة إذا كانت مجدبة

The land of so-and-so's family is 'sanah' if it is barren.

فوجده ممحلا فلما رجع سئل عنه فقال: السنة، أراد الجدوبة

And he found it barren, and when he returned he was asked about it, and he said: 'The drought', meaning the barrenness.

وهي من الأسماء الغالبة نحو الدابة في الفرس، والمال في الإبل

And it is among the dominant names, like 'al-dabbah' for a horse, and 'al-maal' for camels.

وقد خصوها بقلب لامها تاء في أسنتوا إذا أجدبوا

And they have specialized it by changing its final letter to a taa' in 'asnatū' when they became barren.

وهو جمع سنية، وسنية تصغير تعظيم للسنة

And it is the plural of 'saniyyah', and 'saniyyah' is a diminutive of magnification for 'sanah'.

وهي سنوات اشتددن على أهل المدينة

And they are years that were severe upon the people of Medina.

أي جدب شديد

Meaning severe drought.

وسانهه مسانهة وسناها

And 'sanāhahū' (he dealt with him) is 'musānaha' and 'sināhā'.

و كذلك ساناه مساناة

And likewise 'sānāhu' (he dealt with him) is 'musānāh'.

على أن الذاهب من السنة واو: عامله بالسنة أو استأجره لها

Assuming that what is missing from 'sanah' is a waw: to deal with him for the year or to hire him for it.

حملت سنة ولم تحمل أخرى أو سنة بعد سنة

It bore fruit one year and did not bear another, or one year after another.

إذا حملت النخلة سنة ولم تحمل سنة قيل قد عاومت وسانهت

If a palm tree bears fruit one year and not the next, it is said that it has 'ʿāwamāt' and 'sānāhat'.

أي تحمل سنة ولا تحمل أخرى

Meaning it bears fruit one year and not another.

فليست بسنهاء ولا رجبية ولكن عرايا في السنين الجوائح

It is neither 'sinhā'' nor 'rajabiyyah', but rather un-fruiting in the ruinous years.

التسنه: التكرج الذي يقع على الخبز والشراب وغيره

Al-tasannuh: The container that holds bread, drink, and other things.

طعام سنه وسن: أتت عليه السنون

Food is 'saneh' and 'sann' if the years have passed over it.

وخبز متسنه: متكرج

And 'mutasannih' bread: contained.

تسنهت عنده، كتسنيت: إذا أقمت عنده سنة

He stayed with him for a year, like staying for a year: if you stayed with him for a year.

ونخلة سنهاء: أصابتها السنة المجدبة

And a 'sinhā'' palm tree: the barren year afflicted it.

وبه فسر أبو عبيد الأنصاري

And Abu Ubaid al-Ansari interpreted it thus.

وسنة سنهاء: لا نبات بها ولا مطر

And a 'sinhā'' year: no vegetation in it and no rain.

وتصغر السنة أيضا على سنيهة على أن الأصل سنهة

And the year is also diminutized to 'sunayhihah' with the origin being 'sanahah'.

ويقال أيضا سنينة، وهو قليل

And 'sunaynah' is also said, which is rare.

سنه الطعام والشراب كفرح سنها، وتسنه: تغير

Food and drink 'sannaha' as in 'fariha' (it changed), and 'tasannaha': it changed.

ومننه قوله تعالى: {فانظر إلى طعامك وشرابك لم يتسنه}

And from it is the saying of Allah the Almighty: {So look at your food and your drink; it has not changed with time}.

وقيل لم تغيره السنون

And it is said: the years have not changed it.

وقال الفراء: لم يتغير بمرور السنين عليه

And Al-Farra' said: it has not changed with the passing of the years over it.

قال ثعلب: قرأها أبو جعفر وشيبة ونافع وعاصم بإثبات الهاء إن وصلوا أو قطعوا

Tha'lab said: Abu Ja'far, Shaybah, Nafi', and Asim recited it with the affirmation of the haa' whether they connected or stopped.

وكذلك قوله: {فبهداهم أقتده}

And likewise his saying: {Then to their guidance, [O Muhammad], follow.}.

ووافقهم أبو عمرو في {لم يتسنه} وخالفهم في {اقتده}

And Abu Amr agreed with them in {lam yatasannah} and disagreed with them in {iqtadah}.

فكان حذف الهاء منه في الوصل ويثبتها في الوقف

So the haa' was omitted from it in connection and affirmed in stopping.

وكان الكسائي بحذف الهاء منهما في الوصل ويثبتها في الوقف

And Al-Kisa'i would omit the haa' from both in connection and affirm it in stopping.

الوجه في القراءة: {لم يتسنه} بإثبات الهاء في الوقف والإدراج وهو اختيار أبي عمرو

The correct way of recitation is: {lam yatasannah} with the affirmation of the haa' in stopping and connection, and this is the choice of Abu Amr.

من قولهم: سنه الطعام: إذا تغير

From their saying: 'sanaha al-ta'am': if it changed.

أصله يتسنن، فأبدلوا كما قالوا تظنيت وقصيت أظفاري

Its origin is 'yatasannanu', and they substituted, just as they said 'tazannaytu' and 'qassaytu azfari'.