دون

Root entry · 19 derived lemmas

The root 'دون' primarily relates to concepts of being below, less than, or distant from something. It extends to meanings of inferiority, insignificance, and also proximity or being in front of. The root also encompasses geographical names and the concept of a register or collection of writings.

Derived headwords

دُونَparticle

1.
below, underboth
Opposite of 'above' (فوق), indicating a position lower than something else.
2.
less than, short ofboth
Signifying a deficiency or falling short of a goal or standard.
3.
besides, other thanboth
Used to indicate exclusion or something different from the mentioned item.
4.
in front of, beforeboth
Indicating a position ahead of something or someone.
5.
behind, beyondboth
Indicating a position to the rear of something or someone.

وأنا منا الصالحون ومنا دون ذلك — And among us are the righteous and among us are those less than that.

ويعملون عملا دون ذلك — And they do deeds other than that.

هذا أمير على ما دون جيحون — This is a commander over what is beyond the river Jihun.

دُونَكَparticle

1.
take it, here you goboth
An imperative or suggestive phrase used to offer something or to incite action.
2.
inferior, lowlyclassical
Used to describe something or someone as base or insignificant.
3.
close to meboth
Indicating proximity, often used in phrases like 'come closer to me'.

دونك الدرهم — Take the dirham.

دونك صراعي — Engage in combat with me.

وادن دونك إنني قليل الغرار والشريج شعاري — Come closer to me, for I am of little distraction and the bow is my شعار.

الدونname

1.
a town in Dinawarclassical
A place name, specifically a town located in the region of Dinawar.

دونةname

1.
a town in Nahavandclassical
A place name, specifically a town located in the region of Nahavand.

دُوَيْنname

1.
a town near Nishapurclassical
A place name, referring to a town situated near Nishapur.
2.
a place in Armeniaclassical
A location in Armenia, specifically in Azerbaijan.

دوانname

1.
a region in Omanclassical
A geographical area located in Oman, situated on the coast.
2.
a region in Farsclassical
A district in the Fars region of Persia, known for its wine.

الدُّونِيّname

1.
a nisba (attribution)classical
An attribution indicating origin from the town of 'al-Don' (الدون) in Dinawar.

الدُّونْقِيّname

1.
a nisba (attribution)classical
An attribution indicating origin from the town of 'Dona' (دونة) in Nahavand, with a slight variation in pronunciation.

الدَّوَانِيّname

1.
a nisba (attribution)classical
An attribution indicating origin from the region of 'Dawān' (دوان) in Fars, or possibly related to the Sultan's treasury (diwan).

الدُّودَنnoun

1.
dragon's bloodclassical
The resinous red sap of the dragon tree, known as 'dragon's blood'.

دَانَ يَدُونُverb

1.
to become base or weakclassical
To become lowly, insignificant, or to weaken in status or strength.

أَدِينَverb

1.
to become base or weakclassical
To become lowly, insignificant, or to weaken in status or strength (passive form).

إدَانَةnoun

1.
becoming base or weakclassical
The state or act of becoming lowly, insignificant, or weakened.

الدِّيوَانnoun

1.
register, collectionboth
A collection of writings, a register, or a book where official records are kept.
2.
office, chancelleryboth
The administrative office or department where records are maintained.
3.
poetry collectionboth
A collection of poems, especially those of a single poet.

لا يجمعهم ديوان حافظ — They are not gathered in one register.

وهو عندي بخطه — And it is with me in his handwriting.

دَوَّنَverb

1.
to compile, to recordboth
To collect and write down information, to compile a book or register.

تَدْوِينnoun

1.
compilation, recordingboth
The act or process of compiling, recording, or writing down information.
2.
complete wealthclassical
A state of full or complete wealth and prosperity.

أَدْوَنُهُمَاadjective

1.
the lesser of the twoclassical
The comparative form indicating the lesser or lower of two things.

دِيوانname

1.
a dog's nameclassical
A proper name given to a dog.

دُونname

1.
a street in Mervclassical
A specific street or alley in the city of Merv.

Parallel reading

وهو تقصير عن الغاية

And it is falling short of the goal.

يقال: هذا دونك في التحقير والتقريب

It is said: 'This is 'dunak' for belittling and bringing near'.

فالتحقير منه مرفوع، والتقريب منصوب لأنه صفة

So the belittling is nominative, and the bringing near is accusative because it is an adjective.

دون كلمة في معنى التحقير والتقريب، يكون ظرفا فينصب ويكون اسما فيدخل حرف الجر عليه

'Don' is a word in the meaning of belittling and bringing near; it functions as an adverb and is accusative, or as a noun and a preposition enters it.

لا يستعمل مرفوعا في حال الإضافة

It is not used in the nominative case when in an iḍāfah construction.

فإنه أراد منا قوم، دون ذلك فحذف الموصوف

For he meant: among us are people, less than that, and he omitted the described noun.

وذلك أن العادة في دون أن يكون ظرفا ولذلك نصبوه

And that is because the custom with 'don' is for it to be an adverb, and therefore they make it accusative.

هذا أمير على ما دون جيحون، أي على ما وراءه

This is a commander over what is beyond the Jihun, meaning over what is behind it.

تريك القذى من دونها وهي دونه إذا ذاقها من ذاقها يتمطق

It shows you the impurity from behind it, and it is behind it if whoever tastes it, tastes it and smacks his lips.

ومن معنى فوق قولهم: إن فلانا لشريف، فيجيب آخر فيقول: ودون ذلك، أي فوق ذلك

And from the meaning of 'above' is their saying: 'So-and-so is noble', and another replies saying: 'And 'duna dhalika', meaning above that'.

أي دون الغوص، يريد سوى الغوص من البناء

Meaning less than diving, intending other than diving from construction.

أي غير الله

Meaning other than Allah.

أي ما سوى ذلك، وقيل: أي ما كان أقل من ذلك، والمعنيان متلازمان

Meaning what is other than that, and it was said: meaning what is less than that, and the two meanings are inseparable.

ليس فيما دون خمس أواق صدقة

There is no charity due on less than five awqiyyahs.

أجاز الخلع دون عقاص رأسها، أي بما سوى عقاص رأسها، أو معناه؛ بكل شيء حتى بعقاص رأسها

She permitted the divorce for less than the tie of her headscarf, meaning with something other than the tie of her headscarf, or its meaning is: with everything, even the tie of her headscarf.

ويقنع بالدون من كان دونا

And he is content with the base one who is base.

دونك الدرهم، أي خذه

'Dunak the dirham', meaning take it.

دونك صراعي، ودونك فتمرس بي

'Dunak my combat', and 'dunak wrestle with me'.

منها أبو محمد عبد الرحمن بن محمد الصوفي الدوني راوي سنن النسائي عن القاضي أبي نصر أحمد بن الحسين الكسار، وعنه أبو زرعة المقدسي، ولد سنة 427، وتوفي سنة 501

Among them is Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Sufi al-Duni, the narrator of Sunan al-Nasa'i from al-Qadi Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Kassar, and from him Abu Zur'ah al-Maqdisi, born in 427 AH, and died in 501 AH.

ومنها: عمير بن مرداس الدونقي

And among them: 'Umayr ibn Mardas al-Donqi.

وبنيسابور

And Nishapur.

وبه ولد الملك الأفضل نجم الدين أيوب بن شادي بن مروان، والد السلطان صلاح الدين يوسف

And in it was born King al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub ibn Shadi ibn Marwan, the father of Sultan Salah al-Din Yusuf.

تفقه على الغزالي ببغداد وسافر إلى خراسان، وروى عن أبي بكر أحمد بن سهل السراج، وأبي سعيد عبد الواحد بن أبي القاسم القشيري؛ وعنه أبو سعد بن السمعاني توفي ببلخ سنة 546

He studied Fiqh under al-Ghazali in Baghdad and traveled to Khurasan, and narrated from Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Sahl al-Siraj, and Abu Sa'id Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi al-Qasim al-Qushayri; and from him Abu Sa'd ibn al-Sam'ani, he died in Balkh in 546 AH.

شيخ ابن أبي لقمة، ذكره الذهبي، مات بعد الأربعين وخمسمائة

The shaykh of Ibn Abi Luqmah, mentioned by al-Dhahabi, died after the year 540 AH.

ناحية بعمان

A region in Oman.

ناحية بفارس موصوفة بجودة الخمر

A region in Fars known for the quality of its wine.

ومنها الجلال سعد بن محمد الصديقي الدواني، أحد المحققين في المعقولات

And among them is al-Jalal Sa'd ibn Muhammad al-Siddiqi al-Dawani, one of the masters of rational sciences.

دم الأخوين

Dragon's blood.

صار دونا خسيسا، أو ضعف

Became base and lowly, or weakened.

أنسل الذرعان غرب جذم وعلا الربرب أزم لم يدن

The young of the wild cows ran off, and the herd of wild asses ascended, not having weakened.

ويرويه: لم يدن، بتشديد النون على ما لم يسم فاعله، من دنى يدني أي ضعف

And others narrate it: 'lam yudann', with a doubled 'nun' in the passive voice, from 'daniya' meaning to weaken.

مجتمع الصحف

A collection of pages.

الكتاب يكتب فيه أهل الجيش وأهل العطية

The book in which the army personnel and the recipients of stipends are written.

لا يجمعهم ديوان حافظ

They are not gathered in one register.

أصله دوان، فعوض من إحدى الواوين ياء لأنه (ج) أي يجمع على دواوين، ولو كانت الياء أصلية لقالوا دياوين

Its origin is 'dawān', and one of the two 'waw's was replaced by a 'ya' because it is plural, meaning it is collected as 'dawāwīn', and if the 'ya' were original, they would have said 'diyāwīn'.

دياوين

Diyāwīn.

دونت، تدوينا

Dawanta, tadwīnan.

هو فارسي معرب

It is an Arabized Persian word.

هو بالفتح لغة مولدة

It is an evolved pronunciation with the 'fath'.

إنما صحت الواو في ديوان، وإن كانت بعد الياء ولم تعتل كما اعتلت في سيد، لأن الياء في ديوان غير لازمة، وإنما هو فعال من دونت، والدليل على ذلك قولهم: دويوين، فدل ذلك على أنه فعال وأنك إنما أبدلت الواو بعد ذلك

The 'waw' in 'dīwān' remained sound, even though it came after a 'ya' and did not become weak as in 'sayyid', because the 'ya' in 'dīwān' is not inherent. It is rather 'fawwāl' from 'dawanta', and the evidence for that is their saying 'duwaywīn', which indicates it is 'fawwāl' and that you only replaced the 'waw' after that.

ومن قال ديوان فهو عنده بمنزلة بيطار

And whoever says 'dīwān' considers it equivalent to 'baytār'.

إن الديوان موضوع لحفظ ما تعلق بحقوق السلطنة من الأعمال والأموال ومن يقوم بها من الجيوش والعمال

Indeed, the diwan is established for preserving what relates to the rights of the sultanate, from affairs and wealth, and from those who carry them out, such as armies and officials.

هذا عمل ديوان، أي هذا عمل الجن، فإن ديو، بالكسر، الجن، والألف والنون علامة الجمع عندهم، فبقي هذا اللقب هكذا

This is the work of the jinn, meaning this is the work of the jinn, for 'dīw' (with kasra) means jinn, and 'alif' and 'nun' are the plural markers for them, so this title remained.

الديوان جريدة الحساب، ثم أطلق على الحاسب، ثم على موضعه

The diwan is a ledger of accounts, then it was applied to the accountant, then to his place.

أطلق على الدفتر، ثم قيل لكل كتاب، وقد يخص بشعر شاعر معين مجازا حتى جاء حقيقة فيه، فمعانيه خمسة: الكتبة ومحلهم والدفتر وكل كتاب ومجموع الشعر

It was applied to the notebook, then to every book, and it could be metaphorically specific to the poetry of a certain poet until it became a literal meaning for it. Its meanings are five: the scribes and their place, the notebook, every book, and the collection of poetry.

وهو عندي بخطه

And it is with me in his handwriting.

هذا دونه: أي أقرب منه

'This is 'dūnahu': meaning closer than it.

دونكموه، كما في الصحاح، يعني لما قتل صالح بن عبد الرحمان

'Dūnakūmuh', as in al-Ṣiḥāḥ, meaning when Ṣāliḥ ibn Abd al-Raḥmān was killed.

وادن دونك إنني قليل الغرار والشريج شعاري

And come closer to me, for I am of little distraction and the bow is my شعار.

فادن دونك فاصطلي

So come closer and warm yourself.

هذا دونك، وهذا من دونك

This is 'dunak', and this is 'min dūnak'.

ووجد من! دونهم امرأتين تذودان

And he found near them two women who were repelling (others).

لا يحمل الفارس إلا الملبون ألمحض من أمامه ومن دون

The rider carries only the pure milk from in front of him and from behind.

أماما من معرسنا ودونا

In front of our resting place and behind it.

وفيهم من ليس بدونة

And among them are those who are not without it.

أي قبله

Meaning before it.

هذا رجل من دون، وهذا شيء من دون أي حقير ساقط

'This is a man of 'don'', and 'this is a thing of 'don'', meaning lowly and fallen.

لولا أنك من دون لم ترض بذا، ورضيت من فلان بأمر من دون

If you were not insignificant, you would not accept this, and you accepted from so-and-so something insignificant.

رجل دون: ليس بلا حق

A man 'don': not without right.

وثوب دون: رديء

And a garment 'don': bad.

أقل الأمرين أدونهما

The lesser of the two is the more lowly of the two.

دون قدمك خد عدوك، أي تحت قدمك

Beneath your foot is the cheek of your enemy, meaning under your foot.

وجلس دونه: أي تحته

And he sat below him: meaning beneath him.

وتكون بمعنى على، وبمعنى بعد، وبمعنى عند

And it can mean 'on', and 'after', and 'at'.

فالحقه بالهاديات ودونه أي عنده

So join him with the guides, and 'dūnahu' meaning near him.

والأدون الذي نقله الراغب

And 'al-adwan' which al-Raghib transmitted.

اسم كلب

The name of a dog.

أعددت ديوانا لدرباس الحمتمتى يعاين شخصه لا ينفلت

I have prepared 'Diwan' for Darbas al-Ḥamtamti, so that when he sees his person, he does not escape.

ودرباس أيضا: كلب، أي أعددت كلبي لكلب جيراني الذي يؤذيني في الحمت

And Darbas is also a dog, meaning I have prepared my dog for my neighbor's dog that bothers me in the Ḥamt.

قرية بكاذرون، كذا في حواشي العباب للحافظ السيوطي، رحمه الله

A village in Kadharun, as stated in the margins of al-'Abāb by al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Suyūṭī, may Allah have mercy on him.

ولعلها المشددة التي ذكرها المصنف، رحمه الله

And perhaps it is the one with the shaddah that the author mentioned, may Allah have mercy on him.

والديوان سكة بمرو، منها أبو العباس جعفر بن وجيه بن حريث الديواني المروزي سمع علي بن خشرم وغيره

And al-Dīwān is a street in Merv, from it is Abu al-ʿAbbās Jaʿfar ibn Wajīh ibn Ḥurayth al-Dīwānī al-Marwazī, who heard from ʿAlī ibn Khushram and others.

والديواني لهذا الدرهم المعامل به بين أيدي الناس اليوم عامية، كأنه نسب إلى ديوان السلطان مكنيا به عن جودة فضته

And 'al-Dīwānī' for this dirham that is traded among people today is a common term, as if it is attributed to the Sultan's diwan, implying its fineness of silver.