جبن

Root entry · 25 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns cheese and the concept of cowardice. It also extends to geographical locations, anatomical terms, and descriptive epithets related to fear or bravery.

Derived headwords

الجُبْنnoun

1.
cheeseboth
A well-known dairy product made from milk, often eaten.
2.
cowardiceboth
The state of being fearful or timid.

تَجَبَّنَverb

1.
to become like cheeseclassical
Used to describe milk that has solidified and become like cheese.

وتجبن اللبن: صار كالجبن — and the milk became like cheese.

الجُبْنِيَّانname

1.
al-Jurjani and al-Isfahaniclassical
Two narrators (Abu Ja'far Ahmad bin Musa al-Jurjani and Abu Ibrahim Isma'il bin Muhammad) who were known for selling cheese.

الجُبْنِيّname

1.
attributed to cheese sellingclassical
A nisba (attribution) indicating someone was related to the trade of selling cheese.

الجُبْنِيّname

1.
imam of the cheese marketclassical
A nisba referring to Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Jubni al-Dimashqi, who was the imam of a mosque in the cheese market in Damascus.

جَبَانadjective

1.
cowardlyboth
Timid and fearful, hesitant to undertake actions.

ورجل جبان، كسحاب وشداد وأمير: هيوب للأشياء فلا يتقدم عليها — and a cowardly man, like jabbān, shaddād, and amīr: one who fears things and does not proceed with them.

جُبَنَاءnoun

1.
cowardsboth
Plural of 'jabān', referring to people who are cowardly.

جَبَانadjective

1.
timid (feminine)both
The feminine form of 'jabān', describing a timid female.

وهي جبان أيضاً كما قالوا حصان — and she is also timid, as they said 'ḥiṣān' (for a mare).

جَبَانَةnoun

1.
graveyardboth
A place for burial, a cemetery.

الجَبَّانَةnoun

1.
graveyardboth
A place for burial, a cemetery.
2.
desert, open landclassical
An open, flat area of land, sometimes with elevated parts, suitable for cultivation.

جَبَنَverb

1.
to find cowardlyclassical
To perceive or discover someone to be cowardly.

وقد جبن، ككرم، جبانة وجبنا، بالضم وبضمتين، وأجبنه: وجده جبانا — and he became cowardly, like karuma, with jabānah and jubn, and he was made cowardly: meaning he was found to be cowardly.

أَجْبَنَهُverb

1.
to find cowardlyclassical
To consider or find someone to be cowardly.

أو إذا حسبه جبانا كما في المحكم — or if he considered him cowardly, as in al-Muḥkam.

اجْتَبَنَهُverb

1.
to consider cowardlyclassical
To deem or judge someone as cowardly.

كاجتبنه — like ijtabanahu.

يُجَبِّنُverb

1.
to be accused of cowardiceclassical
To be labeled or accused of being cowardly.

وهو يجبن تجبينا: يرمى به — and he is accused of cowardice: meaning he is blamed for it.

الجَبِينَانnoun

1.
templesboth
The two flat parts of the head on either side of the forehead, between the eyebrow and the hairline.

والجبينان: حرفان مكتنفا الجبهة من جانبيها فيما بين الحاجبين مصعدا إلى قصاص الشعر — and the two temples: two parts flanking the forehead on its sides, between the eyebrows ascending to the hairline.

أَجْبِنَةnoun

1.
temples (plural)classical
Plural of 'jabīn', referring to the temples.

جُبُنnoun

1.
temples (plural)classical
Plural of 'jabīn', referring to the temples.

الجَبِينnoun

1.
templeboth
One of the flat parts of the head on either side of the forehead.
2.
foreheadclassical
In some contexts, 'jabīn' can refer to the entire forehead, especially when used poetically.

يقيني بالجبين ومنكبيه — protecting me with his temple and his shoulders.

الجَبَّانnoun

1.
graveyardboth
A place for burial, a cemetery.
2.
desert, open landclassical
An open, flat area of land, sometimes with elevated parts, suitable for cultivation.

جَابَانname

1.
Abu Maymunclassical
A companion (Sahabi) named Abu Maymun, who narrated a hadith about marriage and dowry.

جُبُنverb

1.
to be cowardlyclassical
To exhibit cowardice or fear.

جبن الرجل، كنصر، لغة فصحى — the man was cowardly, like naṣara, a classical Arabic form.

تَجَبَّنَverb

1.
to become thick/stiffclassical
To become coarse or thick, possibly referring to the texture of cheese or skin.

وتجبن الرجل: غلظ — and the man became thick.

جَبَان الكَلْبphrase

1.
extremely generousclassical
A metaphor for extreme generosity, implying that guests visit so frequently that even the dog becomes accustomed to strangers and doesn't bark.

هو جبان الكلب — he is 'jabān al-kalb' (extremely generous).

الجَبَّانnoun

1.
keeper of grainclassical
One who guards or stores grain, especially in the desert.

جَبِينَةnoun

1.
a villageclassical
A place name, specifically a village in Ifriqiya near Sfax.

Parallel reading

الجبن، بالضم وبضمتين وكعتل، معروف، وهو الذي يؤكل؛ واللغة الفصحى الأولى، ثم الثانية، ثم الثالثة، الأخيرة عن الليث، واحدة الكل بهاء.

Cheese, with damma, or two dammahs, or like 'katl', is known, and it is what is eaten; the most eloquent language is the first, then the second, then the third, the last being from Al-Layth, and the singular of all is 'bahā'.

وقد ذكر عن الجوهري، وورد في الحديث عن سلمان، رضي الله تعالى عنه: أنه سأل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الجبن والسمن؛ ضبطوه بالوجهين الأخيرين؛

It is mentioned from Al-Jawhari, and it was narrated in the hadith from Salman, may God be pleased with him: that he asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, about cheese and ghee; they recorded it with the last two pronunciations;

فإن الجبن على أنه ثقيل وخيم يشهي الطعام

For cheese, although it is heavy and causes indigestion, it stimulates the appetite.

وتجبن اللبن: صار كالجبن

And the milk becomes like cheese: it turns into cheese.

وتكبد صار كالكبد.

And 'takabbada' means it became like liver.

أحمد بن موسى الجرجاني خطيبها عن إبراهيم بن موسى الوردولي، وإبراهيم بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم الشالنجي، وعنه الإسماعيلي، مات سنة 293؛

Ahmad bin Musa al-Jurjani, its orator, from Ibrahim bin Musa al-Warduli, and Ibrahim bin Ishaq bin Ibrahim al-Shalangi, and from him Al-Isma'ili, died in the year 293;

إسحاق بن محمد بن حمدان بن محمد، الفقيه الحنفي عن أبي محمد الحارثي وعنه ابنه أبو نصر، مات سنة 293، رحمه الله تعالى، ذكره ابن السمعاني، وقد ذكره الخطيب في تاريخه،

Ishaq bin Muhammad bin Hamdan bin Muhammad, the Hanafi jurist, from Abu Muhammad al-Harithi, and from him his son Abu Nasr, died in the year 293, may God have mercy on him, Ibn Al-Sam'ani mentioned him, and Al-Khatib mentioned him in his history,

الجبنيان، بضم فسكون وقد تضم الموحدة وتشدد النون كما قيده الحافظ، محدثان، نسبا إلى بيع الجبن.

Al-Jubniyan, with damma then sukun, and the mim can be dammah and the nun can be doubled, as Al-Hafiz recorded, two hadith narrators, attributed to selling cheese.

وممن نسب إلى بيع الجبن أيضا علي بن أحمد بن عمر الجبني عن محمد بن إسماعيل الصائغ، وعنه القاضي أبو عبد الله الجعفي، ضبطه أبو الغنائم الزيني.

And among those attributed to selling cheese is also Ali bin Ahmad bin Umar al-Jubni, from Muhammad bin Isma'il al-Sa'igh, and from him Al-Qadi Abu Abdullah al-Ja'fi, Abu Al-Ghanā'im Al-Zaini recorded it.

وأما محمد بن أحمد الجبني الدمشقي الذي قرأ على ابن الأخرم الدمشقي، وعنه الأهوازي، فنسبة إلى سوق الجبن بدمشق لأنه كان إمامها، أي إمام مسجدها.

As for Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Jubni al-Dimashqi, who studied under Ibn Al-Akhram al-Dimashqi, and from him Al-Ahwazi, his attribution is to the cheese market in Damascus because he was its imam, meaning the imam of its mosque.

ورجل جبان، كسحاب وشداد وأمير: هيوب للأشياء فلا يتقدم عليها ليلا أو نهارا؛

And a cowardly man, like jabbān, shaddād, and amīr: one who fears things and does not proceed with them, day or night;

فالأولى من حد نصر والأخيرة من حد كرم؛

The first is from the category of naṣara, and the last is from the category of karuma;

قال سيبويه: شبهوه بفعيل لأنه مثله في العدة والزيادة.

Sibawayh said: They likened it to 'fa'īl' because it is similar to it in number and addition.

وهي جبان أيضاً كما قالوا حصان، عن ابن السراج،

And she is also timid, as they said 'ḥiṣān' (for a mare), from Ibn Al-Siraj,

ويقال: جبانة أيضاً، كما في المحكم.

And it is said: 'jabānah' also, as in Al-Muḥkam.

والقياس أن فعالا، بفتح الفاء وكسرها لا يلحق مؤنثه الكسرة، كما ذكره الرضي وغيره؛ ومن الثاني ناقة دلاث

And the rule is that 'fa'āl', with fatha on the fa and kasra, its feminine does not take kasra, as Al-Radi and others mentioned; and from the second is 'nāqah dalāth'

ويقال: جبين أيضاً، وهن جبانات، عن الليث.

And it is said: 'jabīn' also, and they are 'jabānāt', from Al-Layth.

وقد جبن، ككرم، جبانة وجبنا، بالضم وبضمتين، وأجبنه: وجده جبانا، كأمحله وجده محلا،

And he became cowardly, like karuma, with jabānah and jubn, with damma and two dammahs, and he was made cowardly: meaning he was found to be cowardly, like 'amḥalahu' meaning he found him in drought,

أو إذا حسبه جبانا كما في المحكم، كاجتبنه.

Or if he considered him cowardly, as in Al-Muḥkam, like 'ijtabanahu'.

وهو يجبن تجبينا: يرمى به ويقال له؛ وفي الصحاح: وينسب إليه.

And he is accused of cowardice (yujabbinu tajbīnan): meaning he is blamed for it and called that; and in Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: and attributed to him.

قلت: ومنه الحديث: إنكم لتجبنون وتبخلون وتجهلون.

I say: And from this is the hadith: 'Indeed, you are accused of cowardice, stinginess, and ignorance.'

والجبينان: حرفان مكتنفا الجبهة من جانبيها فيما بين الحاجبين مصعدا إلى قصاص الشعر؛

And the two temples: two parts flanking the forehead on its sides, between the eyebrows ascending to the hairline;

أو هما ما بين القصاص إلى الحاجبين؛ أو حروف، وفي التهذيب: حرف، الجبهة ما بين الصدغين متصلا بحذاء الناصية كله جبين واحد.

Or they are what is between the hairline and the eyebrows; or parts, and in Al-Tahdhib: a part, the forehead between the temples, connected opposite the forelock, all is one temple.

قال الأزهري: وبعض يقول: هما جبينان، قال: وعلى هذا كلام العرب، والجبهة ما بين الجبينين.

Al-Azhari said: And some say: they are two temples, he said: And according to this is the speech of the Arabs, and the forehead is between the two temples.

وفي الصحاح: الجبين فوق الصدغ، وهما جبينان عن يمين الجبهة وشمالها.

And in Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: The temple is above the temple (ṣudgh), and they are two temples to the right and left of the forehead.

وقال اللحياني: الجبين مذكر لا غير، ج أجبن وأجبنة وجبن، بضمتين.

And Al-Lahyani said: 'Jabīn' is masculine and nothing else, its plural is 'ajban', 'ajbinah', and 'jubun', with two dammahs.

قال شيخنا، رحمه الله تعالى: وقد ورد الجبين بمعنى الجبهة لعلاقة المجاورة في قول زهير:

Our Sheikh said, may God have mercy on him: And 'al-jabīn' has been used to mean the forehead due to proximity in the saying of Zuhayr:

يقيني بالجبين ومنكبيهوأنصره بمطرد الكعوب

Protecting me with his temple and his shoulders, and I support him with the striking of the heels.

كما صرحوا به في شرح ديوانه، فلا وجه لتخطئة المتنبىء في قوله:

As they clarified in the commentary of his Diwan, so there is no reason to fault Al-Mutanabbi in his saying:

وخل زيا لمن يحققهما كل دام جبينه عائد

And leave a style for whoever realizes them, every wound of his forehead returns.

والجبان والجبانة، مشددتين: المقبرة؛

And 'al-jabbān' and 'al-jabbānah', with shadda: the graveyard;

وهو عند سيبويه اسم كالقذاف.

And according to Sibawayh, it is a noun like 'al-qadhāf'.

وفي الصحاح: الصحراء.

And in Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: The desert.

وقال أبو حنيفة: هي المنبت الكريم أو الأرض المستوية في ارتفاع؛ والجمع الجبابين.

And Abu Hanifa said: It is fertile land or land that is level in elevation; and the plural is 'al-jabābīn'.

ونقله الليث أيضا.

And Al-Layth also narrated it.

وقال أبو خيرة: الجبان ما استوى من الأرض في ارتفاع ويكون كريم المنبت.

And Abu Khayrah said: 'Al-Jabbān' is what is level of the earth in elevation and is of fertile growth.

وقال ابن شميل: وملس ولا شجر فيه وفيه آكام وجلاه، وقد تكون مستوية لا آكام فيها ولا جلاه، ولا تكون الجبانة في الرمل ولا في الجبال، وتكون في القفاف والشقائق.

And Ibn Shumayl said: And smooth without trees, and it has mounds and clearings, and it may be level without mounds or clearings, and 'al-jabbānah' is not in sand or mountains, but is in sandy plains and open areas.

واجتبن اللبن: اتخذه جبنا؛ نقله الأزهري.

And he made cheese from the milk: he took it as cheese; Al-Azhari narrated it.

وجبون، كصبور: ة باليمن؛ وهي غير جبوب.

And Jubūn, like ṣabūr: a place in Yemen; and it is not Jubūb.

وجبان، كسحاب: ة بخوارزم؛ دخلها أبو علي الفرضي، قاله الذهبي تلميذه.

And Jubbān, like saḥāb: a place in Khwarazm; Abu Ali Al-Faradi entered it, said Al-Dhahabi, his student.

ومن المجاز: قولهم: هو جبان الكلب، أي نهاية في الكرم؛

And from metaphors: their saying: 'He is jabbān al-kalb', meaning the height of generosity;

وهو كثرة الكرم لأنه لكثرة تردد الضيفان إليه يأنس كلبه فلا يهر أبدا؛

And it is abundance of generosity because of the frequent visits of guests, so his dog becomes accustomed to them and never barks;

قال حسان، رضي الله تعالى عنه: يغشون حتى ما تهر كلابهملا يسألون من السواد المقبل

Hassan said, may God be pleased with him: They visit until their dogs do not bark; they do not ask about the approaching crowd.

قلت: ومنه أيضا: وأجبن من صافر كلبهموإن قذفته حصاة أضاف

I say: And from this also: 'And more cowardly than Safir, their dog, even if a pebble strikes him, he is afraid.'

قذفته: أصابته؛ وأضاف: أشفق وفر.

Qadhfahu: struck him; and Adhafa: he feared and fled.

وجابان: أبو ميمون صحابي، رضي الله تعالى عنه، يروي ابنه ميمون عنه:

And Jabān: Abu Maymun, a companion, may God be pleased with him, his son Maymun narrates from him:

أيما رجل تزوج ولم ينو أن يعطي صداقا،

Any man who marries and does not intend to give a dowry,

وهو غير جابان الذي يروي عن ابن عمر، وعنه سبط بن شريط تابعي.

And he is not the same Jabān who narrates from Ibn Umar, and from him Sabt bin Shurayt, a Successor.

قلت: وفي المحكم في ج وب، جابان اسم رجل ألفه منقلبة عن واو كأنه جوابان، فقلبت الواو لغير علة، وإنما قلنا إنه فعلان لا فاعال من ج ب ن لقول الشاعر:

I say: And in Al-Muḥkam, in J-W-B, Jabān is a man's name, its alif is inverted from waw, as if it were Jawbān, so the waw was inverted without a reason, and we only said it is 'fa'alān' and not 'fā'āl' from J-B-N because of the poet's saying:

عشيت جابان حتى اشتد مغرضهوكاد يهلك لولا أنه طافا

Jabān was blinded until his desire intensified, and he almost perished had he not circumambulated.

قولا لجابان: فليلحق مطيتهنوم الضحى بعد نوم الليل إسراف

Saying to Jabān: So let him catch up with his mount, and the midday nap after the night's sleep is extravagance.

فتترك صرفه دليل على أنه فعلان.

So leaving its conjugation is evidence that it is 'fa'alān'.

ومما يستدرك عليه: جبن الرجل، كنصر، لغة فصحى، نقلها الجوهري وابن سيده.

And among what is to be added: 'Jabuna' the man, like naṣara, is a classical Arabic form, narrated by Al-Jawhari and Ibn Al-Sikkit.

وكان يقال: الولد مجبن ة مبخلة لأنه يحب البقاء والمال لأجله.

And it was said: 'A child is a cause of cowardice and stinginess because he loves survival and wealth for his sake.'

وفي الصحاح: وتجبن الرجل: غلظ، ولعله تجبن اللبن.

And in Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: And 'tajabbana' the man: became thick, and perhaps it refers to the milk becoming cheese.

ومن المجاز: فلان شجاع القلب جبان الوجه، أي حيي الوجه.

And from metaphors: So-and-so is brave of heart, timid of face, meaning shy of face.

والجبان، كشداد: من يحفظ الغلة في الصحراء؛

And 'al-jabbān', like shaddād: one who guards the harvest in the desert;

ومن ذلك أبو القاسم علي بن أحمد بن عمر بن سعد الجباني الكوفي، حدث ببغداد عن سليمان بن الربيع البرجمي، وعنه أبو القاسم بن الثلاج، توفي سنة 327.

And from that is Abu Al-Qasim Ali bin Ahmad bin Umar bin Sa'd Al-Jabbāni Al-Kufi, he narrated in Baghdad from Sulayman bin Al-Rabi' Al-Barjami, and from him Abu Al-Qasim bin Al-Thallāj, died in the year 327.

وأبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن أحمد بن عيسى البغدادي يعرف بابن الجبان، روى عنه الخطيب أبو بكر الجباني لكونه سكن الجبان، وهو الصحراء.

And Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Isa Al-Baghdadi, known as Ibn Al-Jabbān, Al-Khatib Abu Bakr narrated from him, and he was called Al-Jabbāni because he lived in Al-Jabbān, which is the desert.

وجبيناة: قرية بافريقية قرب سفاقس، منها إبراهيم بن أحمد بن علي بن سليم البكري الوائلي، أجازه عيسى بن يسكن، توفي سنة 369 عن تسعين سنة، رحمه الله تعالى.

And Jubaynah: a village in Ifriqiya near Sfax, from it is Ibrahim bin Ahmad bin Ali bin Sulaym Al-Bakri Al-Wa'ili, Isa bin Yaskun granted him permission, died in the year 369 at the age of ninety, may God have mercy on him.

ومما يستدرك عليه:

And among what is to be added: