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ع ج م

Root entry · 32 derived lemmas

The root ع-j-m primarily relates to the concept of being unclear, unintelligible, or difficult to understand, often associated with speech or writing. It extends to meanings of being solid, unyielding, or strong, and also encompasses the idea of testing or experiencing something.

Derived headwords

أَعْجَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to make unclearclassical

    To render something unintelligible or obscure, often by adding dots or marks to letters.

  2. 2.
    to make unintelligibleclassical

    To speak in a foreign or unclear manner.

  3. 3.
    to testclassical

    To test or try something, such as a bull testing its horn against a tree.

عَجَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to be unclearclassical

    To be unintelligible or foreign in speech.

  2. 2.
    to experienceclassical

    To experience or be tested by difficult matters.

تَعَجَّمَverb
  1. 1.
    to recognizeclassical

    To recognize someone, perhaps with a degree of doubt or uncertainty.

  2. 2.
    to be recognizedclassical

    To be recognized or identified.

اسْتَعْجَمَverb
  1. 1.
    to become unclearclassical

    To become unintelligible or silent, like a house that does not respond to a questioner.

  2. 2.
    to testclassical

    To test or try something.

مُعْجَمnoun
  1. 1.
    dictionaryboth

    A book containing words of a language, usually arranged alphabetically, with definitions.

  2. 2.
    dotted scriptclassical

    Writing that has been marked with dots to clarify its letters.

  3. 3.
    worn outclassical

    Something that has been eaten or used extensively, leaving little of it.

عُجْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    unintelligibilityclassical

    The quality of being unclear or unintelligible, especially in speech.

  2. 2.
    stammerclassical

    A speech impediment characterized by difficulty in producing sounds or words.

  3. 3.
    date palmclassical

    A palm tree that grows from a date pit.

  4. 4.
    hard rockclassical

    A solid, hard rock found in a valley.

عُجْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    stammerclassical

    A speech impediment characterized by difficulty in producing sounds or words.

عَجْمَاءadjective
  1. 1.
    silentclassical

    Referring to a prayer in which recitation is not vocalized.

  2. 2.
    unintelligibleclassical

    Unclear or incomprehensible in speech.

عَجَمَاتnoun
  1. 1.
    hard rocksclassical

    Solid, hard rocks found in a valley.

عَجُومَةnoun
  1. 1.
    strong she-camelclassical

    A female camel that is strong and capable of enduring long journeys.

عَجُومnoun
  1. 1.
    strong she-camelclassical

    A female camel that is strong and capable of enduring long journeys.

عَجْمَجَمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    strong she-camelclassical

    A female camel that is exceptionally strong and hardy.

بَنُو الأَعْجَمname
  1. 1.
    tribal divisionsclassical

    Two branches of the Arab tribes descended from a progenitor named Al-A'jam.

المَعْجُومname
  1. 1.
    sword nameclassical

    The name of a specific sword belonging to Jarood bin Al-Mu'alla.

تُعْجِمُهُverb
  1. 1.
    to recognizeclassical

    To recognize someone, as if the eye is trying to confirm their identity.

ذَاتُ العَجَمname
  1. 1.
    horse nameclassical

    The name of a mare belonging to Hanzalah bin Aws Al-Sa'di.

أَبُو العَجْمَاءname
  1. 1.
    tabi'iclassical

    A companion of the companions of the Prophet, named Yasar bin Amr Al-Shaybani.

يُعْجِمُverb
  1. 1.
    to testclassical

    To test or try out, as a bull tests its horn against a tree.

  2. 2.
    to recognizeclassical

    To recognize or identify something, possibly with doubt.

العُجْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    stammerclassical

    A blockage or difficulty in speech.

التَّعَاجُمnoun
  1. 1.
    euphemismclassical

    Using indirect language or euphemisms, or employing allusions.

المُسْتَعْجِمadjective
  1. 1.
    muteclassical

    Any animal that is unable to speak or make sounds.

العَوَاجِمnoun
  1. 1.
    camelsclassical

    Camels, so named because they chew on bones.

العَجَامَةnoun
  1. 1.
    chewed substanceclassical

    That which has been chewed or experienced.

عَجَمَتْهُ الأُمُورverb
  1. 1.
    to trainclassical

    Matters or experiences have trained or tested him.

الإِبِلُ العُجْمnoun
  1. 1.
    camelsclassical

    Camels that chew on thorny plants and shrubs.

بَنُو عُجْمَانname
  1. 1.
    tribal divisionclassical

    A branch of the Arab tribes.

الأَعْجَمadjective
  1. 1.
    non-Arabboth

    Someone who is not Arab, often implying a foreign language or origin.

  2. 2.
    muteclassical

    Unable to speak clearly or at all.

العَجَمِيّadjective
  1. 1.
    non-Arabboth

    Pertaining to a non-Arab person or origin.

  2. 2.
    Persianclassical

    Specifically relating to Persia or its people.

حَبْسَةٌ فِي اللِّسَانnoun
  1. 1.
    stammerclassical

    A difficulty or impediment in speech.

فَحْلٌ أَعْجَمadjective
  1. 1.
    mute male camelclassical

    A male camel that makes a sound without a clear opening in its throat, resulting in an unclear vocalization.

مُعْجَمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    dotted letterclassical

    A letter that has been marked with dots to distinguish it.

عَجَمَ النَّوَىverb
  1. 1.
    to cook thoroughlyclassical

    To cook date pits so thoroughly that they become soft or disintegrate.

Parallel reading

هو أسد وأصوب من أن يذهب إلى قولهم: إنه بمنزلة صلاة الأولى ومسجد الجامع، فالأولى غير الصلاة في المعنى، والجامع غير المسجد في المعنى، وإنما هما صفتان حذف موصوفاهما، أو أقيما مقامهما، وليس كذلك حروف المعجم، لأنه ليس معناه حروف الكلام المعجم، ولا حروف اللفظ المعجم، إنما المعنى أن الحروف هي المعجمة، فصار من باب إضافة المفعول إلى المصدر كقولهم: هذه مطية ركوب، أي: من شأنها أن تركب، وهذا سهم نضال، أي: من شأنه أن يناضل به، وكذلك حروف المعجم أي: من شأنها أن تعجم فإن قيل: إن جميع هذه الحروف ليس معجما، إنما المعجم بعضها، فكيف استجازوا تسمية جميعها معجما؟
He is a lion and too discerning to resort to their saying: 'It is like the first prayer and the congregational mosque.' For 'first' is different from 'prayer' in meaning, and 'congregational' is different from 'mosque' in meaning; they are merely two adjectives whose nouns have been omitted or replaced. This is not the case with 'letters of the mu'jam' (dotted letters), because it does not mean 'letters of unintelligible speech' or 'letters of obscure pronunciation.' Rather, it means that the letters are the ones that are made clear (dotted). It thus falls under the category of adding the object to the verbal noun, like their saying: 'This is a riding mount,' meaning it is meant to be ridden, and 'This is a jousting arrow,' meaning it is meant for jousting. Likewise, 'letters of the mu'jam' means letters meant to be dotted.
قيل: إنما سميت بذلك لأن الشكل الواحد إذا اختلفت أصواته، فأعجمت بعضها وتركت بعضها، فقد علم أن هذا المتروك بغير إعجام هو غير ذلك الذي من عادته أن يعجم، فقد ارتفع أيضا بما فعلوا الإشكال والاستبهام عنهما جميعا، ولا فرق بين أن يزول الاستبهام عن الحرف بإعجام عليه، أو ما يقوم مقام الإعجام في الإيضاح والبيان.
It is said: They are so named because when a single form has different pronunciations, and some are dotted (made clear) and others are left undotted, it becomes known that the undotted one is different from the one that is usually dotted. Thus, the ambiguity and confusion regarding both are resolved by what they did. There is no difference whether ambiguity is removed from a letter by dotting it, or by something that serves as a substitute for dotting in clarification and explanation.
أما أبو عمر والشيباني فيقول: أعجمت: أبهمت، وأما الفراء فيقول: هو من أعجمت الحروف قال: وسمعت أبا الهيثم يقول: معجم الخط: هو الذي أعجمه كاتبه بالنقط.
As for Abu Amr and Al-Shaybani, they say: 'A'jamtu' means 'I made obscure.' As for Al-Farra', he says: 'It is from 'a'jamtu al-huruf' (I dotted the letters).' He said: And I heard Abu Al-Haytham say: 'Mu'jam al-khatt' (dotted script) is that which its scribe has dotted with points.
وقال الليث: سميت [معجما] لأنها أعجمية، وإذا قلت: كتاب معجم فإن تعجيمه تنقيطه، لكي تستبين عجمته وتتضح.
And Al-Layth said: They are called [mu'jam] because they are foreign (a'jamiyyah). And if you say: 'Kitab mu'jam' (a dotted book), its dotting is its pointing, so that its obscurity is clarified and it becomes evident.
وصلاة النهار عجماء، لأنه لا يجهر فيها بالقراءة، وهو مجاز، وهما صلاتا الظهر والعصر.
And the daytime prayer is 'ajma' (silent), because recitation is not vocalized in it, and this is metaphorical. And they are the Dhuhr and Asr prayers.
والعجمة ، بالفتح، وضبطه في اللسان بالتحريك: النخلة التي تنبت من النواة ، والصواب فيه: التحريك.
And 'al-'ujmah', with a fatha, and in Al-Lisan it is diacritized with harakah: is the date palm that grows from a pit. And the correct pronunciation is with harakah.
والعجمة: الصخرة الصلبة تنبت في الوادي ج: عجمات ، محركة، قال أبو دواد يصف ريق حارية بالعذوبة: (عذب كماء المزن أن ... زله من العجمات بارد)
And 'al-'ujmah': the hard, solid rock that grows in the valley. Plural: 'ajamat', with harakah. Abu Du'ad said, describing the saliva of a she-camel as sweet: 'Sweet like rainwater when... a cold drop from the hard rocks falls upon it.'
والعجومة: الناقة القوية على السفر ، وكذلك العجوم، كالعجمجمة وهي الناقة الشديدة، مثل العثمثمة، نقله الجوهري عن أبي عمر و، وأنشد أبو عمر و: (بات يواري ورشات كالقطا ... عجمجمات خشفا تحت السرى ...)
And 'al-'ujumah': the she-camel strong for travel. Likewise 'al-'ujum', like 'al-'ajmajamah', which is the strong she-camel, similar to 'al-'athmathamah'. This is narrated by Al-Jawhari from Abu Amr. And Abu Amr recited: 'She spent the night hiding young birds like sandgrouse... strong she-camels, young ones, under the night journey...'
وما عجمتك عيني منذ كذا ، أي: ما أخذتك ، كما في الصحاح. وفي بعض نسخه: ما نظرتك، يقول ذلك الرجل لمن طال عهده به.
And 'My eye has not 'ajamat-ed you' since then, meaning: 'it has not taken you in' (as in Al-Sihah). And in some of its copies: 'I have not looked at you.' A man says this to someone with whom he has had a long separation.
ويقال: رأيت فلانا وجعلت عيني تعجمه بضم الجيم، أي: كأنها تعرفه ، ولا تمضي على معرفته، كأنها لا تثبته، عن اللحياني، وأنشد لأبي حية النميري: (على أن البصير بها إذا ما ... أعاد الطرف يعجم أو يفيل)
And it is said: I saw so-and-so, and 'my eye began to 'ajim-ate him' (with damma on the jim), meaning: 'as if it recognized him, but did not proceed with its recognition, as if it did not confirm him,' according to Al-Lihyani. And he recited for Abu Hayyah Al-Numayri: 'Provided that the one who sees her, when... he turns his gaze, he recognizes or doubts.'
أي: يعرف أو يشك. قال أبو داود السنجي: رآني أعرابي فقال لي: تعجمك عيني، أي: يخيل إلي أني رأيتك.
Meaning: he recognizes or doubts. Abu Dawud Al-Sinji said: An Arab saw me and said to me: 'My eye 'tu'ajim-s you,' meaning: 'It seems to me that I have seen you.'
ويقال: لقد عجموني ولفظوني، إذا عرفوك.
And it is said: 'They have 'ajama-ed me and 'lafathu-ni' (recognized me),' if they know you.
والثور يعجم قرنه: إذا ضرب به الشجرة يبلوه ، أي: يختبره، نقله الجوهري.
And the bull 'yu'ajim-s' its horn: when it strikes it against a tree, it tests it, meaning: it examines it, as narrated by Al-Jawhari.
وذات العجم: فرس حنظلة بن أوس السعدي ، وقال ابن الكلبي: هي لرجل من بني حنظلة، وفيها يقول الزبرقان بن بدر: (رزئت أبي وابني شريف كلاهما ... وفارس ذات العجم حلو شمائله)
And 'Dhat Al-'Ajam': the mare of Hanzalah bin Aws Al-Sa'di. And Ibn Al-Kalbi said: It belonged to a man from Banu Hanzalah. And regarding her, Al-Zibriqan bin Badr said: 'I lost my father and my son, both noble... and the rider of Dhat Al-'Ajam, sweet in his character.'
وأبو العجماء يسير بن عمر و الشيباني تابعي ، عن ابن مسعود.
And 'Abu Al-'Ajma'' Yasar bin Amr Al-Shaybani was a Tabi'i (successor), from Ibn Mas'ud.
نهانا النبي صلى الله تعالى عليه وسلم أن نعجم النوى طبخا ، أي: إذا طبخ التمر للدبس ، أي: لتؤخذ حلاوته يطبخ عفوا بحيث لا يبلغ الطبخ النوى ولا يؤثر فيه تأثير من يعجمه، أي يلوكه ويعضه، فيفسد طعم الحلاوة ، كذا في النسخ، والصواب: طعم السلافة، كما هو نص النهاية، أو لأنه قوت للدواجن فلا ينضج، لئلا يذهب طعمه.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade us from 'ajama-ing the date pits by cooking. Meaning: when dates are cooked for syrup, i.e., to extract their sweetness, they are cooked gently so that the cooking does not reach the pits and does not affect them like someone who chews and bites them, thus spoiling the taste of the sweetness. This is as in the manuscripts, and the correct reading is 'taste of the syrup,' as stated in Al-Nihayah. Or because it is food for poultry and should not be overcooked, lest its taste be lost.
وقيل: هو أن يبالغ في طبخه ونضجه حتى يتفتت النوى وتفسد قوته التي يصلح معها للغنم.
And it is said: It is to overcook and over-ripen it until the pits disintegrate and its quality, which makes it suitable for sheep, is spoiled.
والتعاجم: التكنية والتورية.
And 'Al-Ta'ajum': euphemism and allusion.
والمستعجم: كل بهيمة.
And 'Al-Musta'jim': every beast.
واستعجمت الدار عن جواب سائلها، قال امرؤ القيس: (صم صداها وعفا رسمها ... واستعجمت عن منطق السائل)
And the dwelling 'ista'jam-ed' from answering its questioner. Imru' al-Qays said: 'Its echoes are deaf and its traces have faded... and it became silent to the questioner's speech.'
عداه بعن، لأن استعجمت بمعنى: سكنت.
It is transitive with 'an' because 'ista'jamtu' means: 'I became silent.'
والعواجم والعاجمات: الإبل، لأنها تعجم العظام، قال أبو ذؤيب: (وكنت كعظم العاجمات اكتنفنه ... بأطرافها حتى استدق نحولها)
And 'Al-'awajim' and 'Al-'ajimat': camels, because they chew bones. Abu Dhu'ayb said: 'And I was like the bone of the camels, which they surround... with their extremities until their leanness increases.'
يقول: ركبتنى المصائب وعجمتنى كما عجمت الإبل العظام.
He means: Calamities have ridden me and 'ajama-ed me, just as camels 'ajama' bones.
والعجامة، بالضم: ما عجمته.
And 'Al-'ajamah', with damma: that which you have chewed or experienced.
وعجمته الأمور: دربته.
And 'Al-Umur 'ajamat-hu': matters have trained him.
ونظرت في الكتاب فعجمت، أي: لم أقف على حروفه.
And I looked at the book, and I 'ajamt-ed', meaning: I did not grasp its letters.
والمعجم: الذي أكل حتى لم يبق فيه إلا القليل، أنشد ابن الأعرابي لجبيهاء الأسلمي: (فلو أنها طافت بطنب معجم ... نفى الرق عنه جذبه فهو كالح)
And 'Al-Mu'jam': that which has been eaten until little remains of it. Ibn Al-A'rabi recited for Jubayha' Al-Aslami: 'If it had circled a worn-out tent pole... its pulling removed the dryness from it, so it is like a camel's hump.'
قال: والطنب: أصل العرفج إذا انسلخ من ورقه.
He said: And 'Al-Tanab': the base of the 'urfuj plant when its leaves fall off.
وقال أبو عبيدة: فحل أعجم: يهدر في شقشقة لا ثقب لها فهي في شدقه، ولا يخرج الصوت منها.
And Abu Ubaydah said: A male camel 'a'jam': bellows in a throat pouch that has no opening, so it is in his cheek, and the sound does not come out of it.
والإبل العجم: التي تعجم العضاة والقتاد والشوك فتجزأ بذلك من الحمض.
And 'Al-Ibil Al-'Ujm': those camels that chew on thorny bushes, shrubs, and thorns, and are satisfied with that from the desert plants.
وبنو عجمان: بطن من العرب.
And Banu 'Ajman: a clan of the Arabs.
ويجمع الأعجم على: عجمان، بالضم. والعجمي على: أعجام.
And 'Al-A'jam' is pluralized as: 'ajaman', with damma. And 'Al-'Ajamiy' as: 'a'jam'.