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ص وم

Root entry · 24 derived lemmas

The root ص وم (ṣ-w-m) primarily denotes abstention, holding back, or ceasing an action. This core meaning extends to fasting from food and drink, refraining from speech, and stopping movement or activity. It also encompasses concepts like stillness, midday heat, and specific natural phenomena.

Derived headwords

صَامَverb
  1. 1.
    to fastboth

    To abstain from food, drink, and marital relations, especially during daylight hours, as per religious observance.

  2. 2.
    to abstainboth

    To refrain from or cease doing something, such as speaking or engaging in an activity.

  3. 3.
    to ceaseboth

    To stop or halt an action or movement.

صام صوماً واصطام — He fasted a fast and abstained.
صام عن الكلام: إذا أمسك عنه — He abstained from speaking: if he refrained from it.
صَوْمnoun
  1. 1.
    fastingboth

    The act or practice of fasting, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs.

  2. 2.
    abstinenceboth

    The act of refraining from something, such as speech or activity.

  3. 3.
    silenceclassical

    The state of being silent or refraining from speaking.

  4. 4.
    middayclassical

    The hottest part of the day, when the sun is at its zenith.

  5. 5.
    stillnessclassical

    A state of immobility or inactivity, particularly of wind or water.

  6. 6.
    Ramadanboth

    The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection and community.

  7. 7.
    churchclassical

    A place of worship, specifically a Christian church.

إني نذرت للرحمن صوما فلن أكلم اليوم إنسيا — I have vowed to the Most Gracious [to observe] a fast, so I will not speak to any person today.
الصوم هو الصبر — Fasting is patience.
صِيَامnoun
  1. 1.
    fastingboth

    The act or practice of fasting.

  2. 2.
    abstinenceboth

    The act of refraining from something.

صام صوماً واصطام — He fasted a fast and abstained.
اصْطَامَverb
  1. 1.
    to abstainboth

    To refrain from or cease doing something, particularly food, drink, or speech.

صام صوماً واصطام — He fasted a fast and abstained.
صَائِمadjective
  1. 1.
    fastingboth

    One who is observing a fast.

  2. 2.
    abstainingboth

    One who is refraining from speaking or an activity.

  3. 3.
    stillclassical

    Describing something that is motionless or inactive, like a horse or wind.

كل ممسك عن طعام أو كلام أو سير هو صائم — Everyone who refrains from food, speech, or travel is a faster.
صَوْمَانadjective
  1. 1.
    very fastingclassical

    Intensely fasting or abstaining.

رجل صومان — A man who fasts intensely.
صُومnoun
  1. 1.
    fastingboth

    The act of fasting.

  2. 2.
    abstinenceboth

    The act of refraining from.

رجل صوم، ورجال صوم — A man who fasts, and men who fast.
صَوَّامnoun
  1. 1.
    fastingboth

    A person who fasts frequently or intensely.

  2. 2.
    mountainclassical

    A name for a mountain.

صوام كالسحاب — Fasting like clouds (referring to a mountain name).
صِيَامnoun
  1. 1.
    fastingboth

    The act of fasting.

صيام ككتاب — Fasting like 'kitab'.
صِيَامَىnoun
  1. 1.
    fastingclassical

    A rare plural form for fasting.

صيامى كسكارى — Fasting like 'sakara'.
صَامَ مَنِيَّتَهُverb phrase
  1. 1.
    to taste deathclassical

    To experience or face death.

صام منيته — He tasted his death.
صَامَ النَّعَامverb phrase
  1. 1.
    to expel droppingsclassical

    Referring to the ostrich expelling its excrement.

صام النعام: رمى بذرقه — The ostrich expelled its droppings: it threw out its dung.
صَوْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    ostrich dungclassical

    The excrement of an ostrich.

وهو أي ذرق النعام صومه — And it (i.e., the ostrich's dung) is its 'sawmah'.
صَوْمnoun
  1. 1.
    treeclassical

    A specific type of tree, described as human-shaped and unpleasant in appearance.

للصوم هدب، ولا تنتشر أفنانه — The 'sawm' has fringes, and its branches do not spread.
صَامَ النَّهَارverb phrase
  1. 1.
    to reach middayclassical

    When the day reaches its peak, specifically the hottest part of the afternoon.

  2. 2.
    to be temperateclassical

    When the day becomes temperate or moderate.

صام النهار — The day reached midday.
صَامَتِ الرِّيحverb phrase
  1. 1.
    the wind stilledclassical

    When the wind becomes still or ceases to blow.

صامت الريح — The wind became still.
صَائِمnoun
  1. 1.
    fasting horseclassical

    A horse that stands still without eating.

خيل صيام وخيل غير صائمة — Fasting horses and non-fasting horses.
صَامَverb
  1. 1.
    to standclassical

    Referring to a horse standing on its hooves without eating.

صام الفرس على آربه — The horse stood on its legs.
صَامَتِ الشَّمْسverb phrase
  1. 1.
    the sun stood stillclassical

    When the sun reaches its zenith and appears to stop moving.

صامت الشمس: استوت — The sun stood still: it reached its zenith.
صَائِمَةadjective
  1. 1.
    standing stillclassical

    Describing a well or a young camel that stands without moving.

والبكرات شرهن الصائمه — And the worst of the young camels are the standing ones.
صَوَّامname
  1. 1.
    name of a mountainclassical

    A proper noun referring to a specific mountain.

من صوام ممنع — From the protected mountain 'Sawam'.
مَصَامnoun
  1. 1.
    standing placeclassical

    The place where a horse stands or pauses.

  2. 2.
    zenithclassical

    The highest point, referring to the sun at midday.

كأن الثريا علقت في مصامها — As if the Pleiades were hung in its standing place.
مَصَامَةnoun
  1. 1.
    standing placeclassical

    A place of standing or pausing, especially for a horse.

مصامة أعيار من الصيف — A place of standing for a year from summer.
صَوَّام قَوَّامadjective phrase
  1. 1.
    fasting and prayingclassical

    Describing someone who fasts during the day and prays at night.

رجل صوام قوام — A man who fasts by day and stands in prayer by night.

Parallel reading

إذا أمسك هذا أصل اللغة في الصوم.
If he abstains, this is the origin of the language in 'sawm' (fasting).
وفي الشرع: عن الطعام والشراب.
And in religious law: from food and drink.
صام عن الكلام: إذا أمسك عنه.
He abstained from speaking: if he refrained from it.
إني نذرت للرحمن صوما فلن أكلم اليوم إنسيا
I have vowed to the Most Gracious [to observe] a fast, so I will not speak to any person today
أي: صمتا بدليل قوله: فلن أكلم اليوم إنسيا.
Meaning: silence, as evidenced by his saying: 'so I will not speak to any person today'.
صام عن النكاح: تركه.
He abstained from marriage: he left it.
الصوم هو الصبر يصبر الإنسان على الطعام والشراب والنكاح
Fasting is patience; a person endures food, drink, and marriage.
كل ممسك عن طعام أو كلام أو سير هو صائم.
Everyone who refrains from food, speech, or travel is a faster.
رجل صومان أي: صائم ضبط بالفتح وبالضم.
A man 'sawman' meaning: a faster, pronounced with fatha and damma.
رجل صوم، ورجلان صوم، وقوم صوم، وامرأة صوم: لا يثنى ولا يجمع؛ لأنه نعت بالمصدر.
A man 'sawm', two men 'sawm', a people 'sawm', and a woman 'sawm': it is not dualized or pluralized because it is an adjective derived from the masdar.
صام منيته: ذاقها.
He tasted his death: he experienced it.
صام النعام: رمى بذرقه
The ostrich expelled its droppings: it threw out its dung.
وهو أي ذرق النعام صومه.
And it (i.e., the ostrich's dung) is its 'sawmah'.
صام النهار صوما: ألقى ما في بطنه، ويعني بالنهار فرخ الكروان.
The day fasted a fast: it expelled what was in its belly, and 'al-nahar' refers to the chick of the stone-curlew.
الرجل: تظلل بالصوم: اسم شجرة
The man: shaded himself by the 'sawm': a name of a tree.
موكل بشدوف الصوم يرقبها
Entrusted with the figures of the 'sawm' tree, watching them
صام النهار إذا اعتدل، و قام قائم الظهيرة
The day reached midday if it was temperate, and the peak of noon arrived.
فدعها وسل الهم عنك بجسرة ذمول إذا صام النهار وهجرا
So leave her and ask about your worries with a strong, flowing she-camel when the day reaches midday and is hot.
الصوم: الصمت
Fasting: silence.
الصوم: ركود الريح
Fasting: stillness of the wind.
أقمت بالبصرة صومين أي: رمضانين.
I stayed in Basra for two 'sawm's, meaning: two Ramadans.
والصائم: للواحد والجمع، هكذا في النسخ، والصواب والصوم للواحد والجمع
And 'al-sa'im' is for singular and plural, as written in the copies, and the correct reading is 'al-sawm' for singular and plural.
بمستهطع رسل كأن جديله بقيدوم رعن من صوام ممنع
In a place of gentle rain, as if its braid were from a strong peak of a protected mountain 'Sawam'.
مصامة أعيار من الصيف تنشج
A place of standing for a year from summer, sighing.
رجل صوام قوام: إذا كان يصوم بالنهار ويقوم بالليل.
A man 'sawwam qawwam': if he fasts by day and stands in prayer by night.
صام الفرس صوما: قام على غير اعتلاف
The horse fasted a fast: it stood without eating.
صام الفرس على آربه صوما وصياما إذا لم يعتلف.
The horse stood on its legs, 'sawman' and 'siyaman', if it did not eat.
الصائم من الخيل: القائم الساكن الذي لا يطعم شيئا.
A 'sa'im' horse: one that stands still and does not eat anything.
خيل صيام وخيل غير صائمة تحت العجاج وأخرى تعلك اللجما
Fasting horses and non-fasting horses under the dust, and others chewing the reins.
الصوم: قيام بلا عمل
Fasting: standing without action.
صامت الشمس: استوت.
The sun stood still: it reached its zenith.
بكرة صائمة: إذا قامت ولم تدر.
A standing young camel: if it stood and did not move.
شر الدلاء الولغة الملازمه والبكرات شرهن الصائمه
The worst of buckets are the lapping, persistent ones, and the worst of young camels are the standing ones.
صام الشهر: صام فيه.
He fasted the month: he fasted in it.
فليصمه
So let him fast it.
وجئته والشمس في مصامها أي: في كبد السماء.
And I came to him while the sun was at its zenith, meaning: in the heart of the sky.
صام الماء وقام ودام بمعنى
Water 'sawm', 'qiyam', and 'dawam' mean the same thing.
ماء صائم قائم دائم.
Water that is standing, stationary, and permanent.