خ ش م

Root entry · 20 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the nose and its features, including its structure, smell, and ailments. It extends to describe a large nose, a person with a large nose, and metaphorically, large mountains or lions. It also encompasses the concept of intoxication, possibly due to the effect of scents on the nose.

Derived headwords

خَشَمَverb

1.
to rot (meat)classical
Meat's smell changed, indicating spoilage.
2.
to break the noseclassical
To break someone's nose or the cartilage within it.

خَشْمٌnoun

1.
noseboth
The nose.
2.
nasal mucusclassical
What flows from the nose, such as mucus.
3.
spoilage (of meat)classical
The change in smell of meat indicating it has gone bad.

أَخْشَمَverb

1.
to have a wide noseclassical
To have a wide nose.

تَخَشَّمَverb

1.
to be intoxicatedclassical
To become intoxicated by the scent of a drink affecting the brain.

تَخْشِيمٌnoun

1.
intoxicationclassical
The state of being intoxicated by the scent of a drink affecting the brain.

خَيْشُومٌnoun

1.
nasal cavityboth
The innermost part of the nose, or the passage within the nose.
2.
nostrilclassical
The opening of the nose.
3.
veins in the noseclassical
Veins located inside the nose.

خَيَاشِيمٌnoun

1.
nasal passagesboth
The passages within the nose.
2.
nostrilsclassical
The openings of the nose.
3.
roots of mountainsclassical
Metaphorically, the base or prominent parts of mountains.

أَخْشَمُadjective

1.
wide-nosedboth
Having a wide nose.
2.
unable to smell wellclassical
One whose nasal passages are blocked, preventing them from smelling well.

مَخْشُومٌadjective

1.
having a blocked noseclassical
One whose nose is blocked, often due to a broken bone, affecting their sense of smell.
2.
intoxicatedclassical
Drunk or heavily intoxicated.

مُتَخَشِّمٌadjective

1.
intoxicatedclassical
Drunk, affected by the scent of a drink.

خَشَّمَهُ الشَّرَابُ تَخْشِيمًاverb

1.
drink intoxicated himclassical
The scent of the drink rose in his nose, affected his brain, and intoxicated him.

خَشْمَةٌnoun

1.
intoxicationclassical
The state of being intoxicated by the scent of a drink.

خَشَّامٌnoun

1.
lionclassical
A lion, possibly due to its large nose.
2.
large noseclassical
A large nose, or a person with a large nose.
3.
tall mountainclassical
A tall mountain, especially one with a prominent or 'nose-like' feature.

ثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ الخَشَّامِname

1.
Thalabah ibn al-Khushamclassical
A famous knight.

مِخْشَمٌadjective

1.
intoxicatedclassical
Drunk, especially from the scent of a drink affecting the brain.
2.
brokenclassical
Broken, possibly referring to a broken nose.

خَشَّامٌnoun

1.
lionclassical
A lion, likely due to its prominent nose.
2.
large noseclassical
A large nose.
3.
tall mountainclassical
A tall mountain.

خَشَّامٌname

1.
Kushamclassical
A nickname given to Amr ibn Malik due to his large nose.

خَشْمٌnoun

1.
noseboth
The nose.
2.
nasal mucusclassical
Mucus that has flowed from the nose.

مَخْشُومٌadjective

1.
intoxicatedclassical
Drunk.

مُخَشَّمٌadjective

1.
intoxicatedclassical
Drunk.

Parallel reading

خشم اللحم، كفرح خشما

Meat rotted, as in 'faraha', with a smell.

والخيشوم فيعول من الخشم، وهو من الأنف: ما فوق نخرته من القصبة وما تحتها من خشارم الرأس

And al-khayshum is derived from al-khashm, and it is from the nose: what is above its nostril of the passage and what is below it of the head's cartilages.

الخيشوم: أقصى الأنف

Al-khayshum: the innermost part of the nose.

الخياشيم: غراضيف في أقصى الأنف بينه وبين الدماغ. أو هي عروق في بطن الأنف

Al-khayashim: cartilages in the innermost part of the nose between it and the brain. Or they are veins in the interior of the nose.

وخشمه يخشمه خشما من حد ضرب: كسر خيشومه

And he broke his nose, he breaks it, with a breaking, from the verb 'daraba': he broke his nose.

وخشم الرجل كفرح: خشما محركة على القياس، وخشوما بالضم على غير قياس: اتسع أنفه فهو أخشم واسع الأنف

And a man had a wide nose, as in 'faraha': with a wide nose, according to analogy, and with a wide nose, contrary to analogy: his nose became wide, so he is wide-nosed.

وخشم الأنف خشما: تغيرت رائحته من داء فيه

And the nose had a smell, with a smell: its smell changed due to a disease in it.

فهو أي الأنف أخشم:، وصاحبه مخشوم

So it, meaning the nose, is أخشم (diseased/smelly), and its owner is مخشوم (affected).

وخشم فلان خشما محركة وخشاما بالضم: سقطت خياشيمه، وانسد متنفسه

And so-and-so had a blockage, with a blockage and a blockage: his nasal passages fell out, and his breathing passage was blocked.

والأخشم لا يكاد يشم شيئا طيبا كان أو نتنا لسدة في خياشيمه من كسر إحدى العظام الثلاث

And the أخشم (one with a blocked nose) can hardly smell anything, whether pleasant or foul, due to a blockage in his nasal passages from a fracture of one of the three bones.

ومننه الحديث: " لقي الله وهو أخشم "

And from it is the Hadith: 'He met God while he was أخشم (unable to smell well)'.

ورجل مخشم، كمعظم ومخشوم ومتخشم أي: سكران، مشتق من الخيشوم

And a man is مخشم, like 'mu'azzam', and مخشوم, and متخشم, meaning: intoxicated, derived from al-khayshum.

إذا كان هيزمر ورحت مخشما

When he was drunk and you were intoxicated.

وقد خشمه الشراب تخشيما: إذا تثورت، وهو الصواب

And the drink intoxicated him with intoxication: when its scent rose, which is correct.

تشورت رائحته في الخيشوم وخالطت الدماغ فأسكرته، والاسم الخشمة بالضم

Its scent rose in the nasal passage and mixed with the brain, so it intoxicated him, and the noun is الخشمة (with damma).

التخشم من السكر، وذلك أن ريح الشراب تثور في خيشوم الشارب ثم تخالط الدماغ فيذهب العقل، فيقال: تخشم وخشمه الشراب

Al-takhashshum is from intoxication, and that is because the scent of the drink rises in the drinker's nasal passage, then mixes with the brain, so reason departs, and it is said: he became intoxicated and the drink intoxicated him.

الخشام: الأسد لعظم أنفه

Al-khusham: the lion, due to its large nose.

أيضا العظيم من الأنوف وإن لم يكن مشرفا. يقال: إن أنف فلان لخشام إذا كان عظيما

Also, the large one among noses, even if it is not prominent. It is said: 'So-and-so's nose is indeed خشام if it is large'.

الخشام: العظيم من الجبال

Al-khusham: the large one among mountains.

ويضحى به الرعن الخشام كأنه ... وراء الثنايا شخص أكلف مرقل

And the proud, tall mountain is exposed by it, as if it were... behind the front teeth, a spotted, striding figure.

والخشام: الطويل من الجبال الذي له أنف، زاد غيره: غليظ

And al-khusham: the tall one among mountains that has a nose, others added: thick.

وثعلبة بن الخشام: فارس

And Thalabah ibn al-Khusham: a knight.

أبأت بثعلبة بن الخشام ... عمرو بن عوف فزاح الوهل

I sought refuge with Thalabah ibn al-Khusham... Amr ibn Awf, so al-Wahal moved away.

الخشام: لقب عمرو ابن مالك لكبر أنفه

Al-khusham: a nickname for Amr ibn Malik due to his large nose.

الخيشوم: سلائل سود ونغف في العظم، والسليلة: هنة رقيقة كاللحم

Al-khayshum: black growths and larvae in the bone, and the growth: a thin thing like flesh.

وخياشيم الجبال: أنوفها. وهو مجاز

And the khayashim of mountains: their noses. This is metaphorical.

وقيل لابنة الخس: أي البلاد امرأ؟ قالت: خياشيم الحزن أو جواء الصمان

And it was said to the daughter of al-Khass: Which land is a man? She said: The prominent parts of the desert or the open plains of al-Saman.

والخشم: الأنف

And al-khashm: the nose.

وأيضا ما سال منه من المخاط، هكذا فسر به حديث: " فكان يحمله على عاتقه ويسلت خشمه "

And also what flows from it of mucus, thus it was interpreted in the hadith: 'So he would carry him on his shoulder and wipe his nose'.

فأرغم الله الأنوف الرغما ... مجدوعها والعنت المخشما

May God abase the noses, the snubbed ones and the afflicted ones who are made to suffer.

ويقولون بالفارسية للغضب خشم، وهو قريب المأخذ من المادة، لأن الغضب من شأنه أن يرفع صاحبه أنفه ويحدده

And they say in Persian for anger 'khashm', and it is close in origin to the root, because anger tends to make its owner raise and sharpen his nose.