ح ك م

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

The root ح ك م (H-K-M) primarily relates to judgment, wisdom, and control. It encompasses concepts of legal ruling, making decisions, possessing wisdom, and exercising authority or restraint. Derived terms often denote the act of judging, the person who judges, the quality of wisdom, and the means of control.

Derived headwords

الحُكْمnoun

1.
Judgment, rulingboth
The act of deciding a matter, determining something to be thus or not thus, whether it binds others or not. It is often specified as just judgment.
2.
Authorityboth
The power to make decisions and enforce them, often associated with governance or control.

واحكم كحكم فتاة الحي إذ نظرت — And judge like the judgment of the village girl when she looked

أحكامnoun

1.
Judgments, rulingsboth
The plural of الحكم (judgment, ruling), referring to multiple decisions or legal pronouncements.

حَكَمَverb

1.
To judge, to ruleboth
To make a decision or pronouncement, especially in a legal or authoritative capacity.
2.
To governboth
To exercise control or authority over something or someone.

وقد حكم له وعليه — And he ruled in his favor and against him

حُكْمًاnoun

1.
A judgment, a rulingboth
The masdar (verbal noun) of حكم, signifying the act or instance of judging.

حكمًا وحكومة — a judgment and a ruling

حُكومَةnoun

1.
Judgment, rulingboth
A masdar (verbal noun) of حكم, often implying a settled or established judgment or decision.
2.
Governmentmodern
The body or system that governs a state or community; administration.

هو يتولى الحكومات ويفصل الخصومات — He undertakes the governments and settles disputes

حكوماتnoun

1.
Governments, administrationsmodern
The plural of حكومة, referring to multiple instances of governance or administrative bodies.

الحَاكِمnoun

1.
Judge, rulerboth
One who implements judgment or exercises authority between people; one who prevents injustice.

الحاكم: منفذ الحكم بين الناس — The ruler: the implementer of judgment among people

حُكْمnoun

1.
Judgment, rulingboth
The act or instance of judging, similar to الحكم but often used in specific contexts like the judgment of a ruler.

في بيته يؤتى الحكم — Judgment is brought to his house

حُكَّامnoun

1.
Judges, rulersboth
The plural of الحاكم, referring to multiple judges or rulers.

حَاكَمَهُverb

1.
To sue, to litigateboth
To call someone to account or to dispute with them in seeking judgment or bringing a case before a judge.
2.
To appeal toboth
To refer a matter to a higher authority for judgment.

وبك حاكمت — And with You I appealed for judgment

تَحْكِيمverb

1.
To appoint as arbitratorboth
To command someone to judge between parties, or to approve their judgment.
2.
To submit to arbitrationboth
To accept the judgment of an arbitrator or to allow one's case to be decided.

تحكيم الحرورية قولهم: لا حكم إلا لله — The Khawarij's 'no judgment but Allah' is a form of تحكيم

فاحْتَكَمَverb

1.
To accept arbitrationboth
To allow one's case to be decided by an arbitrator; to seek arbitration.

فاحتكم — and he accepted arbitration

تَحَكَّمَverb

1.
To have one's judgment acceptedboth
To have one's judgment or decision be valid or binding.
2.
To act arbitrarilyclassical
To exercise power or control without restraint or fairness.

جاز فيه حكمه — his judgment became valid in it

الأحْكُومَةnoun

1.
Judgment, rulingclassical
A noun derived from the root, referring to a judgment or the act of seeking judgment.

الحُكْمَانname

1.
The two arbitratorsclassical
Refers specifically to Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and Amr ibn al-As, who were appointed as arbitrators.

والحكمان، محركة: أبو موسى الأشعري وعمرو بن العاص — And the two arbitrators, vocalized: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and Amr ibn al-As

حَكِيمadjective

1.
Wiseboth
Possessing wisdom, sound judgment, and deep understanding.
2.
Prudentboth
Acting with careful good judgment or sense.

الحِكْمَةnoun

1.
Wisdomboth
Knowledge of divine things and human affairs, and acting according to them; the intellectual power that understands truth.
2.
Justiceboth
Fairness and righteousness, especially in judgment.
3.
Prophethoodclassical
Divine revelation and the status of being a prophet.
4.
The Quranclassical
The holy book, containing wisdom and divine guidance.
5.
Prudence, restraintboth
Self-control and forbearance, particularly from anger.

ولقدءاتينا لقمن الحكمة — And indeed We bestowed upon Luqman wisdom

أَحْكَمَverb

1.
To perfect, to make soundboth
To make something firm, strong, and well-executed; to master or complete something skillfully.
2.
To restrain, to preventboth
To stop someone from doing something or to prevent corruption or mischief.

كتب أحكمتءاياته — A Book whose verses are perfected

اسْتَحْكَمَverb

1.
To become firm, to be perfectedboth
To become strong, sound, or well-established.

فاستحكم — and it became firm

حِكْمَة اللجامnoun

1.
Bit (of a bridle)both
The part of a bridle that goes into the horse's mouth, used for control.

حكمة اللجام — the bit of the bridle

مُحْكَمadjective

1.
Perfected, soundboth
Well-made, firm, and without flaw; precisely executed.
2.
Unambiguous, clearboth
Clear in meaning and not requiring interpretation; referring to verses of scripture.

كتب أحكمتءاياته ثم فصلت — A Book whose verses are perfected and then explained in detail

المُحْكَمُونَname

1.
The steadfast onesclassical
Those who chose to remain steadfast in their faith despite persecution, or those who are just and fair in themselves.

إن الجنة للمحكمين — Indeed, Paradise is for the steadfast ones

Parallel reading

الحكم، بالضم: القضاء في الشيء بأنه كذا أو ليس بكذا سواء لزم ذلك غيره أم لا

Al-Hukm, with damma: the judgment concerning a thing that it is thus or not thus, whether it binds others or not.

وخصص بعضهم فقال: القضاء بالعدل

And some specified it, saying: judgment with justice.

ج: أحكام لا يكسر على غير ذلك

Plural: ahkam, it is not broken otherwise.

وقد حكم له وعليه كما في الصحاح

And he ruled in his favor and against him, as in Al-Sihah.

وحكم عليه بالأمر يحكم حكما وحكومة : إذا قضى

And he ruled on him concerning the matter, yuhkimu, hukman and hukumatan: if he judged.

والحاكم: منفذ الحكم بين الناس

And the ruler: the implementer of judgment among people.

وأصل الحكومة: رد الرجل عن الظلم

And the origin of hukumah: turning a person away from injustice.

وإنما سمي الحاكم بين الناس حاكما لأنه يمنع الظالم من الظلم

And a ruler among people is only called a ruler because he prevents the oppressor from oppressing.

ومنهم المثل: ((في بيته يؤتى الحكم)

And among them is the proverb: 'Judgment is brought to his house'.

وحاكمه إلى الحاكم: دعاه وخاصمه في طلب الحكم ورافعه

And to sue him before the ruler: to call him and dispute with him in seeking judgment and referring the case.

وبهما فسر الحديث: ((وبك حاكمت)) أي: رفعت الحكم إليك، ولا حكم إلا لك

And by these two, the hadith was interpreted: 'And with You I appealed for judgment,' meaning: I referred the judgment to You, and there is no judgment but Yours.

وحكمه في الأمر تحكيما: أمره أن يحكم بينهم أو أجاز حكمه فيما بينهم

And to command him concerning the matter, tahkiman: to order him to judge between them or to approve his judgment between them.

والاسم منه الأحكومة والحكومة بضمهما

And the noun from it are al-ahkumah and al-hukumah, with damma on both.

وتحكيم الحرورية قولهم: لا حكم إلا لله

And the tahkim of the Khawarij is their saying: 'No judgment but Allah'.

والحكمان، محركة: أبو موسى الأشعري وعمرو بن العاص

And al-hukman, vocalized: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and Amr ibn al-As.

والحكمة، بالكسر: العدل في القضاء كالحكم

And al-hikmah, with kasr: justice in judgment like al-hukm.

والحكمة: العلم بحقائق الأشياء على ما هي عليه، والعمل بمقتضاها

And wisdom: knowledge of the realities of things as they are, and acting according to them.

وقوله تعالى: {ولقدءاتينا لقمن الحكمة}

And His saying, the Almighty: 'And indeed We bestowed upon Luqman wisdom'.

فالحكمة في كل ذلك بمعنى النبوة والرسالة

So wisdom in all of that means prophethood and messengership.

وتطلق الحكمة أيضا على طاعة الله، والفقه في الدين، والعمل به، والفهم، والخشية، والورع، والإصابة، والتفكر في أمر الله واتباعه

And wisdom is also applied to obedience to Allah, understanding of religion, acting upon it, comprehension, fear, piety, correctness, and contemplation of Allah's command and following it.

وأحكمه إحكاما: أتقنه

And to perfect it, ihkaman: to make it sound.

ومنهم قولهم للرجل إذا كان حكيما: قد أحكمته التجارب فاستحكم

And among them is their saying about a man, if he is wise: 'Experiences have perfected him, so he became perfected'.

وأحكمه: منعه عن الفساد

And to perfect it: to prevent it from corruption.

ومننه سميت حكمة اللجام

And from this, the bit of the bridle was named.

وأحكمه عن الأمر: رجعه

And to perfect it from the matter: to turn it back.

أبني حنيفة أحكموا سفهاءكم إني أخاف عليكم أن أغضبا

O sons of Hanifa, restrain your fools; I fear that I may become angry with you.

وحكمت السفيه وأحكمته: إذا أخذت على يده

And I restrained the fool and perfected him: if I took him by the hand.

وأحكمه: منعه مما يريد كحكمه حكما وحكمه تحكيما، لغات ثلاث

And to perfect him from what he wants, like hukman and tahkiman, three linguistic forms.

حكم اليتيم كما تحكم ولدك

Manage the orphan as you manage your child.

وكل من منعته من شيء فقد حكمته وأحكمته

And whoever you prevent from something, you have judged him and perfected him.

ونرى أن حكمة الدابة سميت بهذا المعنى؛ لأنها تمنع الدابة من كثير من الجهل

And we think that the bit of the animal is named with this meaning; because it prevents the animal from much ignorance.

وفي حديث ابن عباس: ((كان الرجل يرث امرأة ذات قرابة فيعضلها حتى تموت أو ترد إليه صداقها فأحكم الله عن ذلك ونهى عنه)) أي: منع منه

And in the narration of Ibn Abbas: 'A man would inherit a relative woman and harm her until she died or returned her dowry, so Allah prevented that and forbade it,' meaning: prevented from it.

والحكمة محركة: ما أحاط بحنكي الفرس من لجامه

And al-hikmah, vocalized: what surrounds the horse's jaws from its bridle.

وفرس محكومة: في رأسها حكمة

And a harnessed horse: has a bit on its head.

والحكمة من الإنسان: مقدم وجهه

And al-hikmah from a human: the front of his face.

والحكمة من الضائنة: ذقنها

And al-hikmah from a sheep: its chin.

وسورة محكمة: أي غير منسوخة

And a perfected surah: meaning not abrogated.

والآيات المحكمات هي: {قل تعالوا أتل ما حرم ربكم عليكم} إلى آخر السورة

And the unambiguous verses are: 'Say, 'Come, I will recite what your Lord has prohibited to you'...' until the end of the surah.

قرأت المحكم على عهد رسول الله يريد المفصل من القرآن لأنه لم ينسخ منه شيء

I recited the unambiguous (verses) during the time of the Messenger of Allah, meaning the detailed parts of the Quran because nothing was abrogated from them.

ليت المحكم والموعوظ صوتكما تحت التراب إذا ما الباطل انكشفا

Would that the experienced elder and the admonished had your voices beneath the earth when falsehood is revealed.

إن الجنة للمحكمين

Indeed, Paradise is for the steadfast ones.

ومعناه على رواية الكسر: المنصف من نفسه

And its meaning, according to the narration with kasr: the one who is just to himself.

وعلى رواية الفتح قال الجوهري: هم قوم خيروا بين القتل والكفر فاختاروا الثبات على الإسلام والقتل

And according to the narration with fatha, Al-Jauhari said: they are people who were given a choice between killing and disbelief, so they chose to remain steadfast on Islam and be killed.