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ت خ م

Root entry · 9 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of boundaries, limits, and frontiers, both physical and metaphorical. It extends to the idea of reaching a limit or an end, and by extension, can refer to the provisions or taxes associated with such limits.

Derived headwords

التُخُومnoun
  1. 1.
    boundariesboth

    The divisions between lands, serving as landmarks and borders. It is feminine in gender.

  2. 2.
    limitsboth

    The demarcations separating districts or regions, or the end point of a territory.

  3. 3.
    landmarksclassical

    The markers that guide one on a road.

ملعون من غير تخوم الأرض — Cursed is he who alters the boundaries of the land.
تُخُومnoun
  1. 1.
    boundariesboth

    A plural form of 'tukhūm', referring to boundaries or limits.

يا بني التخوم لا تظلموها — O sons of the boundaries, do not wrong them.
تُخُمnoun
  1. 1.
    boundariesboth

    A plural form of 'tukhūm', used for boundaries, often treated as singular.

  2. 2.
    limitsboth

    The end or limit of a village or land.

وهي التخوم أيضا، بالضم على لفظ الجمع ولا يفرد لها واحد — And they are also 'al-tukhūm', with the dammah, in the form of the plural, and no singular is individualized for them.
تُخُمnoun
  1. 1.
    limitboth

    A limit or boundary of land.

فلان على تخم من الأرض — So-and-so is at a limit of the land.
تُخُومَةnoun
  1. 1.
    boundaryclassical

    A boundary or limit, with the first two letters having the vowel fathah.

أكن منها التخومة والسرارا — I would be from them the boundary and the hidden thing.
تَتَاخَمُverb
  1. 1.
    borderingboth

    To border or be adjacent to another land.

أرضنا تتاخم أرضكم — Our land borders your land.
التُخُومnoun
  1. 1.
    goalboth

    The objective or limit one aims for.

جاعلا سرك التخوم — Making your secret a limit to reach.
التُخُومnoun
  1. 1.
    taxesclassical

    Taxes or levies, possibly related to border crossings or territories.

وهو طيب التخوم — And he is good at collecting taxes.
التُخْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    indigestionboth

    A condition of overeating leading to discomfort or indigestion, originally from the root 'w-kh-m'.

Parallel reading

التخوم، بالضم: الفصل بين الأرضين من المعالم والحدود، مؤنثة
Al-tukhūm, with the dammah: the division between two lands, from landmarks and borders, feminine.
ملعون من غير تخوم الأرض
Cursed is he who alters the boundaries of the land.
التخوم هنا الحدود والمعالم.
The boundaries here are the limits and landmarks.
التخوم مفصل ما بين الكورتين والقريتين
The boundaries are the division between the districts and the two villages.
ومنتهى أرض كل كورة وقرية تخومها
And the end of the land of every district and village is its boundaries.
هي الحدود.
They are the boundaries.
أي: بالضم ظاهره أنه جمع للتخوم، وفيه نظر، وإنما هو من الألفاظ التي استعملت بمعنى المفرد وبمعنى الجمع
Meaning: with the dammah, its apparent form is a plural of 'al-tukhūm', but this is debatable, as it is one of those words used to mean both singular and plural.
بل تخم بضمتين جمع تخوم كصبور وصبر وغفور وغفر، حملا على جمع النعت.
Rather, 'tukhum' with two dammahs is a plural of 'tukhūm', like 'ṣabūr' (patient) and 'ṣabr' (patience), or 'ghafūr' (forgiving) and 'ghufr' (forgiveness), by analogy with the plural of adjectives.
هي تخوم الأرض والجمع تخم
They are the boundaries of the land, and the plural is 'tukhum'.
وهي التخوم أيضا، بالضم على لفظ الجمع ولا يفرد لها واحد.
And they are also 'al-tukhūm', with the dammah, in the form of the plural, and no singular is individualized for them.
يا بني التخوم لا تظلموها إن ظلم التخوم ذو عقال
O sons of the boundaries, do not wrong them, for wronging the boundaries is a binding matter.
تخومها حدودها، ألا ترى أنه قال لا تظلموها، ولم يقل لا تظلموه.
Its boundaries are its limits; do you not see that he said 'do not wrong them' (feminine plural), and not 'do not wrong him' (masculine singular)?
وهذه شامية
And this is a Syrian usage.
يقال: فلان على تخم من الأرض، وهو منتهى كل قرية وأرض
It is said: 'So-and-so is at a limit of the land', and it is the end of every village and land.
وهذه نقلها أبو حنيفة عن السلمي
And Abu Hanifa transmitted this from Al-Sulami.
أصحاب العربية يقولون: هي التخوم كصبور ويجعلونها واحدة
The linguists say: 'It is 'al-tukhūm' like 'ṣabūr', and they consider it singular.'
وأما أهل الشام فيقولون بضم التاء يجعلونها جمعا والواحد تخم.
As for the people of Syria, they say with the dammah on the 'ta', considering it a plural and 'tukhum' as singular.
والبيت الذي أنشده الجوهري يروى بالوجهين.
And the verse that Al-Jawhari cited is narrated in both ways.
يقال تخوم وتخوم وزبور وزبور وعذوب وعذوب، قال: ولم يعلم لها رابع.
It is said 'tukhūm' and 'tukhūm', 'zabūr' and 'zabūr', 'ʿadhūb' and 'ʿadhūb'; he said: and a fourth is not known for them.
والبصريون يقولون بالضم، والكوفيون يقولون بالفتح.
And the Basrans say with the dammah, and the Kufans say with the fathah.
وبورك من فيها وطابت تخومها
And blessed is whoever is in it, and its boundaries are good.
إذا نزلوا أرض الحرام تباشرت برؤيتهم بطحاؤها وتخومها
When they descend into the sacred land, its plains and its boundaries rejoice at seeing them.
ولهم دان كل من قلت العير بنجد إلى تخوم العراق
And to them submitted everyone from the smallest camel in Najd to the borders of Iraq.
أرضنا تتاخم أرضكم
Our land borders your land.
وبلاد عمان تتاخم بلاد الشحر.
And the lands of Oman border the lands of Shihr.
جاعلا سرك التخوم فما أحفل قول الوشاة والأنذال
Making your secret the limit, so I do not care about the words of the slanderers and the base people.
والتخمة، كهمزة، من الطعام أصلها وخمة، وسيأتي في ((وخ م)) إن شاء الله تعالى.
And 'al-tukhamah', like 'hamzah', from food, its origin is 'wakhmah', and it will be discussed under ((w-kh-m)) if God wills.
اجعل همك تخوما، أي: حدا تنتهي إليه ولا تجاوزه، وهو مجاز.
Make your concern a limit, meaning: a boundary to reach and not exceed, and this is metaphorical.
وهو طيب التخوم، يعني الضرائب، روي بضم وبفتح.
And he is good at collecting taxes, meaning the levies; it is narrated with the dammah and with the fathah.