ه ر ق

Root entry · 15 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with the concept of pouring, spilling, or shedding liquids, especially water or blood. It encompasses the act of causing a liquid to flow out, often with connotations of waste or loss. The root also extends to related ideas like shedding tears or blood in a violent manner.

Derived headwords

هَرَاقَverb

1.
to pour outboth
To cause a liquid to flow out or spill, especially water.

هراق الماء يهريقه — He poured out the water, making it flow.

هَرَاقَةnoun

1.
pouringboth
The act or instance of pouring out a liquid.
2.
spillageboth
The result of pouring out, a spill or outflow.

أَهْرَقَverb

1.
to pour outboth
An alternative form for pouring out liquids, often used interchangeably with هَرَاقَ.
2.
to shed (blood)both
Specifically used for shedding blood, often in a violent context.

أهرقهيهريقه — He pours it out.

فهريق في ثوب عليك محبر — So let it be shed on a garment upon you, stained.

إِهْرَاقnoun

1.
pouringboth
The act of pouring out, the masdar of أَهْرَقَ.
2.
shedding (blood)both
The act of shedding blood.

أَهْرَاقَverb

1.
to pour outclassical
A less common variant of the verb for pouring, with a different conjugation pattern.

إِهْرَاقَةnoun

1.
pouringclassical
The masdar of أَهْرَاقَ, referring to the act of pouring.

فلما دنت إهراقة الماء أنصتت — And when the pouring of the water approached, she became attentive.

إِهْرِيَاقnoun

1.
pouringclassical
A variant masdar for the act of pouring, associated with a specific verb form.

مُهْرِيقnoun

1.
pourerboth
One who pours out a liquid.
2.
shedder (of blood)both
One who sheds blood.

فأصبحت كالمهريق فضلة مائه — And I became like one pouring out the remainder of his water.

مِهْرَاقnoun

1.
poured outboth
The passive participle or noun referring to something that has been poured out.
2.
spilled liquidboth
The liquid that has been spilled.

رب كأس هرقتها ابن لؤي — Perhaps a cup that Ibn Lu'ayy poured out.

خليطا دم مهراقه غير ذاهب — A mixture of spilled blood, not departing.

مُهْرَاقnoun

1.
poured outboth
A variant form of the passive participle or noun for something poured out.

أَرَقَverb

1.
to pourclassical
An original form from which هَرَاقَ is derived, meaning to pour out.

إِرَاقَةnoun

1.
pouringclassical
The masdar of أَرَقَ, meaning the act of pouring.

رَاقَverb

1.
to flowclassical
To flow or pour out, used for liquids.
2.
to be clearclassical
To be clear or pure, referring to water.

راق الماء ريقا — The water flowed.

رَاقَverb

1.
to pourclassical
To pour out, used transitively.

رِيَاقnoun

1.
pouringclassical
The masdar of رَاقَ, meaning the act of pouring or flowing.

Parallel reading

هراق الماء يهريقه بفتح الهاء هراقة بالكسر

He poured out the water, making it flow, with 'harāqa' (pouring) with a kasra.

هريقوا على من سبع قرب لم تحلل أو كيتهن

Pour out over them seven waterskins that were not untied.

هرقن بساحوق جفانا كثيرة

They poured out a great amount of dry earth.

نبئت أن دما حراما نلته فهريق في ثوب عليك محبر

I was told that you have obtained forbidden blood, so let it be shed on a garment upon you, stained.

وما هريق على الأنصاب من جسد

And what was shed upon the idols from a body.

وأصل هراقه هريقه وزان دحرجه

And the origin of 'harāqahu' is 'harīqahu', on the pattern of 'dahraja'.

ولهذا تفتح الهاء من المضارع، فيقال: يهريقه، كما تفتح الدال من يدحرجه

And for this reason, the 'hā'' is opened in the present tense, so one says 'yuhriquhu', just as the 'dāl' is opened in 'yudahriju'.

وأهرقهيهريقه كذا في النسخ وهو غلط، صوابه يهرقه إهراقا على أفعل يفعل

And 'ahraqa' 'yuhriquhu' is thus in the manuscripts and it is a mistake; its correction is 'yuhriqahu ihraaqan' on the pattern of 'af'ala yuf'ilu'.

وقالا: قال سيبويه: قد أبدلوا من الهمزة الهاء، ثم ألزمت فصارت كأنها من نفس الحرف

And they both said: Sībawayh said: They have substituted the 'hā'' for the hamza, then it became fixed, as if it were from the very letter.

ثم أدخلت الألف بعد على الهاء، وتركت الهاء عوضا من حذفهم حركة العين لأن أصل أهرق أريق

Then the alif was introduced after the 'hā'', and the 'hā'' was left as a substitute for their omission of the vowel of the middle letter, because the origin of 'ahraqa' is 'arīqa'.

فهذا يدل أنه من أهراق إهراقة بالألف

This indicates that it is from 'ahrāqa ihraaqatan' with the alif.

وأهراقه يهريقه اهرياقا، فهو مهريق بفتح الهاء وذاك مهراق ومهراق بفتحها وسكونها، أي صبه

And 'ahrāqahu' 'yuhriquhu' 'ihriyaaqan', so he is 'muhrīq' with an open 'hā'' and that is 'mahrāq' and 'mahrāq' with an open 'hā'' and a sukun, meaning its pouring.

وهذا شاذ، ونظيره أسطاع يسطيع اسطياعا بفتح الهمزة في الماضي، وضم الياء في المستقبل، لغة في أطاع يطيع

And this is irregular, and its parallel is 'astaa'a yastatii'u istaa'an' with an open hamza in the past, and a damma on the ya' in the future, a variant for 'ataa'a yutii'u'.

فجعلوا السين عوضا من ذهاب حركة عين الفعل، على ما ذكرناه عن الأخفش في باب العين

So they made the 'sīn' a substitute for the loss of the vowel of the middle letter, as we mentioned from Al-Akhfash in the chapter on the 'ayn'.

وأما الذي ذكره الجوهري من أن مصدر أهراق وأسطاع اهرياقا واسطياعا فغلط منه لأنه غير معروف

As for what Al-Jawhari mentioned, that the masdar of 'ahraqa' and 'astaa'a' is 'ihriyaaqan' and 'istiaa'an', it is a mistake on his part because it is unknown.

والقياس إهراقة وإسطاعة على ما تقدم

And the analogy is 'ihraaqatan' and 'istiaa'atan' as previously mentioned.

وأما مهراق بالفتح فمفعول هراق، وقد تقدم شاهده

As for 'mahrāq' with the fath, it is the passive participle of 'harāqa', and its evidence has preceded.

وشاهد المهراق ما أنشد في باب الهجاء من الحماسة لعمارة بن عقيل

And the evidence for 'al-mahrāq' is what was recited in the chapter on invective from Al-Hamasah by Imarah bin 'Uqayl.

دعته وفي أثوابه من دمائها خليطا دم مهراقه غير ذاهب

She called him, and in his garments from her blood was a mixture of spilled blood, not departing.

ومهراق الدماء بواردات تبيد المخزيات ولا تبيد

And the shedder of blood with those who bring forth, destroying the shameful and not being destroyed.

وشاهد المهريق قول كثير

And the evidence for 'al-muhrīq' is the saying of Kathir.

فأصبحت كالمهريق فضلة مائه لضاحي سراب بالملا يترقرق

And I became like one pouring out the remainder of his water, for a shimmering mirage in the open land that ripples.

فكنت كمهريق الذي في سقائه لرقراق آل فوق رابية جلد

And I was like one pouring out what was in his waterskin, for the shimmering of a mirage on a tough hill.

وأصله أي أصل هراق السماء، كما هو نص الصحاح أراقه يريقه إراقة

And its origin, meaning the origin of 'harāqa' of the sky, is as stated in Al-Sihah: 'arāqahu yurīquhu irāqatan'.

قال: وأصل أراق أريق، قال ابن بري: أصل أراق أروق بالواو لأنه يقال: راق الماء روقانا: انصب

He said: And the origin of 'arāqa' is 'arīqa'. Ibn Barrī said: The origin of 'arāqa' is 'arūqa' with a 'wāw' because it is said: 'rāqa al-mā'u rawqānan': it flowed.

وإنما قالوا أهريقه بضم الهمزة وفتح الهاء ولم يقولوا أأريقه لاستثقال الهمزتين

And they only said 'uhriqahu' with a damma on the hamza and a fath on the 'hā'' and did not say 'a'irīquhu' due to the heaviness of two hamzas.

وقد زال ذلك بعد الإبدال، انتهى

And that was removed after the substitution, he concluded.

هرقت السماء ماءها تهريق، والماء مهراق، الهاء في ذلك كله متحركة لأنها ليست بأصلية، إنما هي بدل من همزة أراق

The sky poured its water, pouring, and the water is 'mahrāq', the 'hā'' in all of that is moved because it is not original, it is merely a substitute for the hamza of 'arāqa'.

هرقت مثل أرقت، ومن قال: أهرقت فهو خطأ في القياس

'Harqtu' is like 'arqtu', and whoever says 'ahraqtu' is mistaken in analogy.

وأما لغة من قال: أهرقت الماء فهي بعيدة

As for the dialect of one who says: 'ahraqtu al-mā'' (I poured the water), it is remote.

وإنما أوجبوا فتح الهاء لا حذفها لأمرين: أحدهما: أن موجب الحذف الذي هو اجتماع همزتين قد زال وذهب بإبدالها هاء

And they necessitated opening the 'hā'' and not omitting it for two reasons: First, the cause for omission, which is the meeting of two hamzas, has been removed and gone by substituting it with a 'hā''.

وهذا هو الذي أشار إليه الجوهري بقوله، وتبعه المصنف، وإنما قالوا: أهريقه إلخ

And this is what Al-Jawhari pointed to with his saying, and the author followed him, and they only said: 'uhriqahu', etc.

ولذلك نظرها في المصباح بدحرج المتفق على أصلية حروفه

And for this reason, it is compared in Al-Misbah to 'dahraja', whose letters are agreed to be original.

وزنة يهريق، بفتح الهاء: يهفعل كيدحرج

And the pattern of 'yuhriq', with an open 'hā'', is 'yuhf'ilu' like 'yudahriju'.

وزنة مهراق، بالتحريك: مهفعل كمدحرج

And the pattern of 'mahrāq', with movement, is 'mahf'al' like 'madahraj'.

وأما يهريق ومهراق بتسكين هائهما، فلا يمكن أن ينطق بهما لأن الهاء والفاء جميعا ساكنان

As for 'yuhriq' and 'mahrāq' with a sukun on their 'hā'', it is impossible to pronounce them because both the 'hā'' and the 'fā'' are silent.

فإن ظاهره أو صريحه يقتضي أن كلام سيبويه رحمه الله تعالى في أهرق بإثبات ألف التعدية وحذف الألف التي هي عين الكلمة الجائي على أفعل يفعل لأنه أتى بنص سيبويه عقب قوله على أفعل يفعل، وليس كذلك

For its apparent meaning or explicit statement implies that Sībawayh's words, may God have mercy on him, are about 'ahraqa' with the affirmation of the transitive alif and the omission of the alif which is the middle letter, coming on the pattern 'af'ala yuf'ilu', because he brought Sībawayh's text after his saying 'af'ala yuf'ilu', and it is not so.

بل كلام سيبويه في أهراق بإثبات الألفين، ألف التعدية وعين الكلمة

Rather, Sībawayh's words are about 'ahrāqa' with the affirmation of the two alifs, the transitive alif and the middle letter.

ومن تتمة الكلام عليه تنظيره بأسطاع يسطيع في إنابة حرف عن حركة وانتفاء كون الكلمة خماسية وإن كانت في الظاهر كذلك

And from the completion of the discussion on it is its comparison to 'astaa'a yastatii'u' in the substitution of a letter for a vowel and the negation of the word being pentasyllabic, even if it appears so.

فكان عليه أن يؤخر قوله قال سيبويه إلى قوله: وفيه لغة ثالثة أهراق، ثم يقول: قال سيبويه إلخ

So he should have postponed his saying 'Sībawayh said' to his saying: 'And there is a third language, 'ahrāqa'', then he should have said: 'Sībawayh said', etc.

ثم يقول: هذا شاذ، ونظيره إلخ، وحينئذ يحسن كلامه، ويستقيم نظامه

Then he should have said: 'This is irregular, and its parallel is etc.', and then his words would be good, and his system would be sound.

وقد نبه على ذلك أبو سهل الهروي وأبو زكريا التبريزي، وابن منظور، والصلاح وغيرهم

And Abu Sahl Al-Harawi, Abu Zakariya Al-Tabrizi, Ibn Manzur, Al-Salah, and others have pointed this out.

والعجب من المجد كيف سها عن هذا التخليط واحتاج إلى التغليط

And it is strange from Al-Majd how he overlooked this confusion and needed to be corrected.

وكان ادعاؤه غير تام وقاموسه غير محيط، مع شدة تبجحه بإيراد الغلطات، وكثرة إظهاره الصواب على منصات السقطات

And his claim was not complete and his dictionary was not comprehensive, despite his strong boasting of presenting errors, and his frequent display of correctness over the platforms of mistakes.

وهراق هراقة، كأراق إراقة

And 'harāqa' 'harāqatan', like 'arāqa' 'irāqatan'.

الثانية: أهرق إهراقا، كأكرم إكراما، وكأن الهاء في هذه أصلية

The second: 'ahraqa' 'ihraaqan', like 'akrama' 'ikraaman', and it is as if the 'hā'' in this is original.