س وق

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

The root س وق (s-w-q) primarily relates to the leg, specifically the part between the ankle and knee in humans, and analogous parts in animals. It extends metaphorically to concepts of intensity, hardship, and driving or leading, as well as to places of commerce and specific geographical locations.

Derived headwords

السَّاقnoun

1.
legboth
The part of the leg between the ankle and the knee in humans. Also refers to the part above the fetlock in horses, mules, donkeys, and camels, and above the pastern in cattle, sheep, and gazelles.
2.
intensity, hardshipclassical
Metaphorically used to denote extreme difficulty or a severe situation, as in 'the war stood on its leg' or 'the day of judgment will reveal its leg'.

فإذا قامت إلى جاراتها ... لاحت الساق بخلخال زجل — And when she stood up to her neighbors... the leg appeared with a jingling anklet.

يوم يكشف عن ساق — The Day when it (the matter) will be uncovered.

سُوقnoun

1.
legsboth
Plural of ساق (leg).
2.
marketboth
A place where people trade goods and services. It can be masculine or feminine.

فطفق مسحا بالسوق والأعناق — Then he began to pass his hand over (the legs) and necks.

السوق بالضم معروفة، ولذا لم يضبطه، قال ابن سيده: هي التي يتعامل فيها تذكر وتؤنث — The market (with dammah) is known, and therefore it was not vocalized; Ibn Sidah said: it is the place where transactions occur, and it is feminine and masculine.

أسْؤُقnoun

1.
legsclassical
A broken plural of ساق (leg), used poetically.

أبعد قتيل بالمدينة أظلمت ... له الارض تهتز العضاه بأسؤق — After a killing in Medina, by which the earth became darkened... the thorny trees shook with legs.

ساقverb

1.
to drive, leadboth
To move something or someone along, often by force or guidance. This is the primary verbal meaning from which 'market' is derived.
2.
to approach deathclassical
Said of a sick person when they are nearing death and the soul begins to depart.

وساق الماشية سوقا وسياقة بالكسر ومساقا وسياقا كسحاب، واستاقها وأساقها فانساقت فهو سائق وسواق كشداد، شدد للمبالغة — And he drove the cattle, with 'sawaqan' and 'siyāqan' (with kasra), and 'masāqan' and 'siyāqan' like 'sihāban', and he drove them ('istāqahā') and ('asāqahā'), and they moved along ('infāsaqat'), so he is a driver ('sā'iq') and a very diligent driver ('sawwāq').

ساق المريض يسوق سوقا وسياقا ككتاب: إذا شرع في نزع الروح كذا في العباب — The sick person is driven (approaching death), 'yasūqu' 'sawaqan' and 'siyāqan' like 'kitāban': when he begins to lose his soul, as stated in Al-'Ubāb.

سِيَاقnoun

1.
driving, leadingboth
The act of driving or leading, often used for animals or people.
2.
dowry, bridal giftclassical
The marriage portion given by the groom to the bride, originally consisting of camels and sheep that were driven.
3.
approaching deathclassical
The process of the soul departing at the time of death.

إلى ربك يومئذ المساق — To your Lord that Day will be the destination (driving).

ما سقت إليها أي: ما أمهرتها — What did you drive to her? Meaning: what did you give as a dowry?

سَائِقnoun

1.
driverboth
One who drives or leads, especially animals or a group of people.
2.
one who drives (people) with a stickclassical
Used metaphorically for a leader who controls people, possibly with harshness.

معها سائق وشهيد — With it will be a driver and a witness.

حتى يخرج رجل من قحطان يسوق الناس بعصاه — Until a man from Qahtan emerges, driving people with his stick.

سَوَّاقnoun

1.
diligent driverclassical
An intensive form of 'sā'iq', indicating a highly skilled or diligent driver.

قد لفها الليل بسواق حطم ... ليس براعي إبل ولا غنم — The night enveloped it with a formidable driver... not a tender of camels nor sheep.

اسْتَاقَverb

1.
to drive (animals)both
To gather and drive animals, often to one's own place.
2.
to acquire (property)classical
Metaphorically, to acquire or seize property, especially from the weak.

واستاقها وأساقها فانساقت — And he drove them ('istāqahā') and ('asāqahā'), and they moved along ('infāsaqat').

لولا قريش هلكت معد واستاق مال الأضعف الأشد — Were it not for Quraysh, Ma'add would have perished and seized the wealth of the weaker by the stronger.

سَاقَةnoun

1.
rear guardboth
The rearguard of an army or a group of people, responsible for protection from behind.
2.
herd, droveclassical
A group of animals driven together, especially those taken by an enemy.

وإن كان في الساقة كان في الساقة — And if he was in the rear guard, he was in the rear guard.

السيقة: حصن باليمن من حصون أبين — Al-Sāqah: a fortress in Yemen, one of the fortresses of Abīn.

سُوقَةnoun

1.
common peopleclassical
The general populace, distinct from the elite or rulers.

سُوقnoun

1.
marketboth
A place of commerce and trade. Can be masculine or feminine.
2.
battlefieldclassical
The thick of battle or the center of conflict.

بسوق كثير ريحه وأعاصره — In a market whose wind and storms were many.

رأيته يكر في سوق الحرب — I saw him charging in the thick of the battle.

سُوقَةnoun

1.
middle of battleclassical
The center or heart of a battle.

وكذا سوقته، أي: وسطه — And likewise its 'sūqatah', meaning its center.

سَاقَاءadjective

1.
long-leggedclassical
Describing a man with long legs.

سَوْقَاءadjective

1.
beautiful-leggedclassical
Describing a woman with beautiful legs.

سُوقَىnoun

1.
beauty of legsclassical
The quality of having beautiful or shapely legs.

سِيقةnoun

1.
driven animalsclassical
Animals driven away or captured, similar to 'wasiqah'.
2.
hunting blindclassical
A structure used by a hunter to conceal themselves while waiting for prey.

فما أنا إلا مثل سيقة العدا ... إن استقدمت نحر وإن جبأت عقر — I am but like the drove of the enemy; if brought forward, it is slaughtered; if driven back, it is wounded.

سِيْقnoun

1.
cloud driven by windclassical
A cloud that is being pushed by the wind, whether it contains rain or not.

سَاق الشَّجَرَةnoun

1.
tree trunkboth
The main woody stem of a tree, from its base to its branches.

وساق الشجرة: جذعها — And the leg of the tree: its trunk.

سَاق حَرّnoun

1.
a type of dove/pigeonclassical
A bird, possibly a type of dove or pigeon, known for its call that sounds like 'sāq ḥarr'.

تغريد ساق على ساق يجاوبها ... من الهواتف ذات الطوق والعطل — A 'sāq' singing to another 'sāq', answering it... from the callers with necklaces and ornaments.

سَاقname

1.
place nameclassical
A name for several geographical locations, including valleys and mountains.

عفا من آل ليلى بطن ساق — The valley of Sāq, from the family of Layla, has been deserted.

سَاقَةname

1.
fortress nameclassical
The name of a fortress in Yemen.

والساقة: حصن باليمن من حصون أبين — And Al-Sāqah: a fortress in Yemen, one of the fortresses of Abīn.

سُويقةname

1.
place nameclassical
The name of a place, possibly a valley or hill, mentioned in poetry.

هيهات منزلنا بنعف سويقة ... كانت مباركة من الأيام — Alas, our dwelling in the valley of Suwayqah... was blessed among the days.

Parallel reading

السَّاق: ساق القدم، وهي من الإنسان ما بين الكعب والركبة مؤنث

The leg: the leg of the foot, which is in humans between the ankle and the knee, feminine.

ومن الخيل والبغال والحمير والإبل: ما فوق الوظيف

And of horses, mules, donkeys, and camels: what is above the fetlock.

ج: {سوق بالضم، مثل دار ودور، وقال الجوهري: مثل أسد وأسد}

Plural: {suq (with dammah), like dār and duwur, and Al-Jauhari said: like asad and asud}.

يوم يكشف عن ساق

The Day when it (the matter) will be uncovered.

أي: عن شدة كما يقال: قامت الحرب على ساق

Meaning: of intensity, as it is said: the war stood on its leg.

التفت الساق بالساق

The leg was wrapped around the leg.

أي: التف آخر شدة الدنيا بأول شدة الآخرة

Meaning: the end of the world's hardship wrapped around the beginning of the hereafter's hardship.

وإنما هو مثل في شدة البخل،) وكذلك هذا، لا ساق هناك ولا كشف

It is only a metaphor for extreme stinginess, and likewise this, there is no leg there nor uncovering.

ولدت فلانة ثلاثة بنين على ساق واحد

So-and-so gave birth to three sons in one leg (consecutively).

ولد لفلان ثلاثة أولاد ساقا على ساق، أي: واحدا في إثر واحد

So-and-so had three children, one after another, meaning: one in succession to another.

وساق الشجرة: جذعها كما في الصحاح

And the leg of the tree: its trunk, as in Al-Sihah.

أراد: لا تنقضي له حجة إلا تعلق بأخرى

He meant: no argument of his would end without him clinging to another.

عنى بالأول الورشان، وبالثاني ساق الشجرة

He meant by the first the turtledove, and by the second the trunk of the tree.

وساق حر كالقمري يضحك أيضا

And 'sāq ḥarr' laughs like the turtledove too.

عفا من آل ليلى بطن ساق

The valley of Sāq, from the family of Layla, has been deserted.

والساقة: مؤخره نقله الجوهري وهو مجاز

And the rear guard: its rear, as reported by Al-Jauhari, and it is metaphorical.

وإن كان في الساقة كان في الساقة

And if he was in the rear guard, he was in the rear guard.

وساق الماشية سوقا وسياقة بالكسر ومساقا وسياقا كسحاب

And he drove the cattle, with 'sawaqan' and 'siyāqan' (with kasra), and 'masāqan' and 'siyāqan' like 'sihāban'.

معها سائق وشهيد

With it will be a driver and a witness.

يسوق الناس بعصاه

Driving people with his stick.

إذا شرع في نزع الروح كذا في العباب

When he begins to lose his soul, as stated in Al-'Ubāb.

ما سقت إليها أي: ما أمهرتها

What did you drive to her? Meaning: what did you give as a dowry?

لأن أصل الصداق عند العرب الإبل، وهي التي تساق

Because the origin of the dowry among the Arabs was camels, and they are what are driven.

والأسوق من الرجال: الطويل الساقين نقله الجوهري

And 'al-aswaq' among men: the long-legged, as reported by Al-Jauhari.

وهي سوقاء حسنة الساقين

And she is 'sawqā', beautiful-legged.

والسيقة، ككيسة: ما استاقه العدو من الدواب مثل الوسيقة

And 'al-sīqah', like 'kaysah': what the enemy drives away of animals, like 'al-wasīqah'.

السيقة: الدريئة يستتر فيها الصائد، فيرمي الوحش

Al-Sīqah: the hunting blind in which the hunter hides, and shoots the wild animal.

السيق، ككيس: السحاب تسوقه الريح ولا ماء فيه

Al-Sīq, like 'kays': clouds driven by the wind and containing no water.

السوق بالضم معروفة، ولذا لم يضبطه، قال ابن سيده: هي التي يتعامل فيها تذكر وتؤنث

The market (with dammah) is known, and therefore it was not vocalized; Ibn Sidah said: it is the place where transactions occur, and it is feminine and masculine.

علوني بمعصوب كأن سحيفه ... سحيف قطامي حماما يطايره

They beat me with a tightly bound [thing] whose covering was like the covering of a Qattami [bird], scattering doves.

فقامت سوقه طب بإهداء الخنا لبيقه

So his market was established, with the offering of obscenity to his companion.

وهو مجاز.

And it is metaphorical.

هيهات منزلنا بنعف سويقة ... كانت مباركة من الأيام

Alas, our dwelling in the valley of Suwayqah... was blessed among the days.

لعمري لقد رعتم غداة سويقة ... ببينكم يا عز حق جزوع

By my life, you terrified [us] on the morning of Suwayqah... with your departure, O 'Izz, truly fearful.