س ب ق

Root entry · 24 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of preceding, surpassing, or outrunning someone or something. It extends to concepts of being first, having precedence, and winning contests, as well as metaphorical uses related to initiative and excellence.

Derived headwords

سَبَقَverb

1.
to precedeboth
To go ahead of someone or something in time, space, or rank.
2.
to outrunboth
To move faster than someone or something else, especially in a race.
3.
to surpassboth
To exceed someone or something in a particular quality or achievement.
4.
to win (a race)both
To be the first to finish a competition.
5.
to give a prizeclassical
To award a prize or reward to a winner.

سبقه في الجري — He preceded him in running.

سبق الفرس في الحلبة — The horse won in the race.

سبق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم — The Messenger of God (PBUH) preceded (them).

يَسْبِقُverb

1.
he precedesboth
The present tense form indicating the act of preceding, outrunning, or surpassing.

لا يسبقونه بالقول بالضم — They do not precede them in speech (with the correct pronunciation).

السَّابِقَاتُnoun

1.
those that precedeclassical
Refers to entities that move ahead, such as angels preceding demons with revelation, or stars.

فالسابقات سبقا — And those that precede, preceding.

السَّبْقُnoun

1.
prizeboth
The prize or stake placed between competitors in a race or contest.
2.
precedenceboth
The state of being first or having priority.
3.
leadboth
An advantage or initiative gained in a particular matter.
4.
early harvestclassical
Referring to early ripening of dates.

السبق محركة — The prize (is pronounced with fath).

السَّبَقَةُnoun

1.
prizeboth
The stake or prize in a competition.

والسبقة، بالضم: الخطر الذي يوضع بين أهل السباق — And the prize (with dammah) is the stake placed between the competitors.

أَسْبَاقٌnoun

1.
prizesboth
Plural of 'sabq', referring to stakes or prizes in contests.

لا سبق إلا في خف أو حافر، أو نصل — There is no prize except in a camel's foot, a horse's hoof, or a spearhead.

سَابِقَةٌnoun

1.
precedenceboth
A prior action, achievement, or merit that gives one an advantage or priority.

له سابقة في هذا الأمر — He has precedence in this matter.

سِبَاقٌnoun

1.
raceboth
A competition of speed, especially between runners, horses, or vehicles.
2.
competitionboth
A contest or rivalry.

والسباق، بالكسر: المسابقة — And the race (with kasr) is the competition.

سَبَّاقٌadjective

1.
winner of prizesboth
One who wins many prizes or competitions.
2.
one who racesboth
One who participates in races.

هو سباق غايات أي: حائز قصبات السبق — He is a racer of goals, meaning one who wins the prizes of excellence.

سَبَّاقَةٌnoun

1.
prizeclassical
A prize or stake in a competition.

سَبَقَانٌnoun

1.
fettersclassical
The fetters or hobbles used on a falcon's legs.

هما سبقان، بالكسر، أي: قيداه — They are fetters, with kasr, meaning his two fetters.

سَبَقَ الشاةُverb

1.
to miscarryclassical
When a ewe or sheep gives birth prematurely or aborts its fetus.

وسبقت الشاة تسبيقا — And the ewe miscarried.

اسْتَبَقَverb

1.
to race each otherboth
To compete in a race against each other.
2.
to rush towardsboth
To hasten or strive to be the first to reach a place or goal.
3.
to overtakeclassical
To surpass or go beyond.

استبقا الباب: تسابقا إليه — They raced to the door: they competed to reach it.

استبقا الصراط: إذا جاوزاه وخلفاه وتركاه حتى ضلا — They went beyond the path: if they passed it and left it behind until they went astray.

سَابَقَverb

1.
to race againstboth
To compete in a race with someone.
2.
to vie withboth
To compete or contend with someone.

وسابقه مسابقة فسبقه — And he raced him in a competition and he beat him.

سَبُوقٌadjective

1.
swiftboth
Describing a horse that is very fast and excels in racing.

والسبوق: السابق من الخيل — And the swift (mare) is the one that precedes among horses.

مُسَبَّقٌadjective

1.
pre-emptedmodern
Something that has been done or decided beforehand.

مُسَابَقَةٌnoun

1.
competitionmodern
An event or contest in which people compete.
2.
racemodern
A contest of speed.

سَابِقname

1.
Sabiqboth
A proper name of individuals mentioned in the text.

علاء الدين بن السابق الكاتب — Ala' al-Din bin al-Sabiq the scribe.

سَوَابِقٌnoun

1.
precedentsmodern
Past actions or events that serve as examples or justification for future actions.
2.
prior offensesmodern
Previous criminal convictions.

سَبَقَ عليهverb

1.
to overcomeclassical
To gain victory or superiority over someone.

وسبقت عليه: غلبت — And he overcame him: he defeated him.

سَبَقَ إلىverb

1.
to hasten toclassical
To move quickly towards something.

وسبق إليهم: مر سريعا — And he hastened to them: he passed quickly.

سَبَقَ في الكَرَمِverb

1.
to excel in generosityclassical
To surpass others in acts of generosity and nobility.

وسبقه في الكرم: زاد عليه — And he surpassed him in generosity: he exceeded him.

سَبَقَ على قومهverb

1.
to surpass his peopleclassical
To excel or be superior to one's people in virtue or status.

وسبق على قومه: علاهم كرما — And he surpassed his people: he excelled them in generosity.

سَبَقَ الطائرverb

1.
to fetter a birdclassical
To tie the legs of a bird with fetters.

وسبقت الطائر: جعلت السباقين في رجليه، وقيدته — And I fettered the bird: I placed the fetters on its legs and tied it.

Parallel reading

سبقه يسبقه ويسبقه من حدي نصر وضرب، والكسر أعلى

He preceded him, he precedes him, and he precedes him, from the patterns of naṣara and ḍaraba, and the kasrah is preferred.

لا يسبقونه بالقول بالضم، أي: لا يقولون بغير علم حتى يعلمهم

They do not precede them in speech (with dammah), meaning: they do not speak without knowledge until He informs them.

تقدمه في الجري، وفى كل شيء.

To precede him in running, and in everything.

سبق الفرس في الحلبة: إذا جلى

The horse won in the race: when it became clear.

سبق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وصلى أبو بكر، وثلث عمررضي الله عنهما، وخبطتنا فتنة فما شاء الله.

The Messenger of God (PBUH) preceded (them), Abu Bakr prayed, and Umar (may God be pleased with them both) was third, and a trial befell us, may God will it.

فالسابقات سبقا: هم الملائكة تسبق الشياطين بالوحي إلى الأنبياء عليهم السلام

And those that precede, preceding: they are the angels who precede the devils with revelation to the prophets, peace be upon them.

والسبق محركة، والسبقة، بالضم: الخطر الذي يوضع بين أهل السباق كما في الصحاح

And the sabq (prize) is pronounced with fath, and the sabqah (prize) with dammah: is the stake placed between the competitors in races, as in al-Ṣiḥāḥ.

لا سبق إلا في خف أو حافر، أو نصل، يريد أن الجعل لا يستحقانه إلا في سباق الخيل والإبل، وما في معنى الخيل والإبل، وفي النضال، وهو الرمي

There is no prize except in a camel's foot, a horse's hoof, or a spearhead, meaning that the reward is not deserved except in races of horses and camels, and what is similar to horses and camels, and in archery, which is shooting.

له سابقة في هذا الأمر، أي: سبق الناس إليه كما في الصحاح.

He has precedence in this matter, meaning: he preceded people to it, as in al-Ṣiḥāḥ.

له سبق في هذا الأمر، أي: قدمة، كما في اللسان والأساس.

He has precedence in this matter, meaning: priority, as in al-Lisān and al-Asās.

هو سباق غايات أي: حائز قصبات السبق

He is a racer of goals, meaning: one who wins the prizes of excellence.

هما سبقان، بالكسر، أي: قيداه

They are sabqān, with kasr, meaning: his two fetters.

وسبقت الشاة تسبيقا. إذا ألقت ولدها لغير تمام

And the ewe miscarried (tasbīqan), if she dropped her offspring prematurely.

سبق فلان: إذا أخذ السبق.

So-and-so won the prize: if he took the prize.

أمر بإجراء الخيل، وسبقها ثلاثة أعذق من ثلاث نخلات سبقها بمعنى أعطي السبق، وقد يكون بمعنى أخذ، ويكون مخففا، وهو المال المعين.

He ordered the horses to be run, and he gave them three clusters of dates from three palm trees as a prize, meaning he gave the prize, and it could mean he took it, and it is lightened, and it is the specified wealth.

استبقا الباب: تسابقا إليه، وابتدراه، يجتهد كل واحد منهما أن يسبق صاحبه

They raced to the door: they competed to reach it, and they rushed for it, each one striving to precede his companion.

استبقا الصراط: إذا جاوزاه وخلفاه وتركاه حتى ضلا وهو مجاز

They went beyond the path: if they passed it and left it behind and abandoned it until they went astray, and this is metaphorical.

خرجوا يستبقون، أي: يتناضلون في الرمي، وهو مجاز

They went out racing each other, meaning: they competed in archery, and this is metaphorical.

وسابقه مسابقة فسبقه.

And he raced him in a competition and he beat him.

والسباق، بالكسر: المسابقة.

And the sibāq (race), with kasr: the competition.

والسبوق: السابق من الخيل.

And the sabūq (swift mare): the one that precedes among horses.

والمسبق، كمعظم: من يسبق من الخيل

And the musbaq (one who is outrun), like muʿẓam: one who is outrun among horses.

وسبقت الخيل، وسابقت بينها: إذا أرسلتها وعليها فرسانها، لتنظر أيها يسبق.

And the horses were raced, and I raced between them: if I sent them with their riders, to see which one would win.

وسبق البدرة بين الشعراء، من غلب أصحابه أخذها، أي: جعلها سبقا بينهم، وهو مجاز، نقله الزمخشري.

And the prize of the purse was set among the poets, whoever defeated his companions took it, meaning: he made it a prize among them, and this is metaphorical, as narrated by al-Zamakhsharī.

والسبق من النخل: المبكرة بالحمل.

And sabq (early ripening) from the dates: is the early bearing of fruit.

وأسبق القوم إلى الأمر: بادروا.

And the people hastened to the matter: they were prompt.

واستبقوا وتسابقوا: تخاطروا.

And they competed and raced: they gambled.

وتسابقوا: تناضلوا وخيل سوابق وسبق.

And they raced: they competed in archery, and there were swift horses and a race.

وسبقه في الكرم: زاد عليه.

And he surpassed him in generosity: he exceeded him.

وسبقت عليه: غلبت، وهو مجاز.

And he overcame him: he defeated him, and this is metaphorical.

وسبق على قومه: علاهم كرما.

And he surpassed his people: he excelled them in generosity.

وسبق إليهم: مر سريعا.

And he hastened to them: he passed quickly.

وله سباق عن السباق: من سباقي الطائر.

And he has a race from the races: from the fetters of the bird.

وسبقت الطائر: جعلت السباقين في رجليه، وقيدته، وهو مجاز.

And I fettered the bird: I placed the fetters on its legs, and tied it, and this is metaphorical.

وشيخنا المعمر سابق بن رمضان ابن عرام الزعبلي ممن أدرك الحافظ البابلي، روينا عنه بعلو.

And our aged shaykh, Sābiq bin Ramaḍān ibn ʿArrām al-Zuʿbalī, among those who met al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bābilī, we narrated from him with high isnad.