س ر ف

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns exceeding limits, going beyond what is appropriate or intended. This includes concepts of extravagance, wastefulness, error, negligence, and going too far in actions or speech. It can also refer to a specific place and a type of insect.

Derived headwords

السَّرَفُnoun

1.
Extravagance, wastefulnessboth
Going beyond the intended limit or what is appropriate, especially in spending or consumption.
2.
Negligence, oversightboth
Failing to notice or remember something, or making a mistake due to oversight.
3.
Intoxication (of wine)classical
The strong, habitual effect or intoxication of wine.
4.
Corruption, depravityclassical
Moral corruption or depravity, often resulting from hardness of heart or boldness in sin.

ولا سرف — and no extravagance

سَرَفَverb

1.
To neglect, to be ignorant ofclassical
To overlook, to fail to notice, or to be ignorant of something.
2.
To exceed the limitclassical
To go beyond what is proper or intended.

سُرُوفnoun

1.
Greatness, severityclassical
Used to describe a day as being severe or great.

يوم سروف — a severe day

السَّرِيفُnoun

1.
Row of vinesclassical
A row or line of grapevines.

الأسْرَفُnoun

1.
Lead (metal)classical
The metal lead, an Arabicized Persian word.

الإسرافُnoun

1.
Extravagance, wastefulnessboth
Spending excessively, exceeding the bounds of moderation, or squandering.
2.
Eating what is forbiddenclassical
Consuming that which is unlawful or forbidden.
3.
Exceeding limits in killingclassical
Going beyond the prescribed limits in the act of killing, such as killing someone other than the perpetrator.
4.
Committing many sinsboth
The act of committing numerous sins and transgressions.

ولا تسرفوا — and do not be extravagant

فلا يسرف في القتل — so let him not exceed the limit in killing

مُسْرِفadjective

1.
Extravagant, wastefulboth
One who spends excessively or goes beyond moderation.
2.
Transgressor, disbelieverclassical
One who transgresses divine limits, often interpreted as a disbeliever.

من هو مسرف مرتاب — he who is extravagant and in doubt

سَرَفَnoun

1.
A place nameclassical
A place located ten miles from Mecca, near Al-Tan'im.

عفا سرف من أهله — Sarf became desolate of its people

سَرْفَةnoun

1.
Insect that builds a nestclassical
A small insect that builds a square nest from twigs and its saliva, often found in trees.
2.
Silkwormclassical
Sometimes identified as a silkworm or a similar grub.

أصنع من سرفة — more skillful than a sarafah

سَرَفَتْverb

1.
To eat its leavesclassical
When an insect (sarafah) eats the leaves of a tree.

أَرْضٌ سِرْفَةٌadjective

1.
Abundant with itclassical
Describing land that is abundant with a particular thing, possibly referring to the insect.

وَادٍ سَرْفٌadjective

1.
Abundant with itclassical
Describing a valley that is abundant with a particular thing.

سَرَفَتِ الأُمُّ وَلَدَهَاverb

1.
To spoil (with excess milk)classical
A mother spoiling her child by giving too much milk.

السَّرُوفُnoun

1.
White substance like silk weavingclassical
A white substance resembling the weaving of silkworms.

سَيْرَافُname

1.
City in Persiaclassical
A city in Persia on the coast, known for its large port and construction.

إسرافيلname

1.
Variant of Israfilclassical
A variant spelling or pronunciation of the name Israfil, an angel.

مُسْرِفٌname

1.
Muslim ibn Uqbahclassical
A nickname for Muslim ibn Uqbah al-Marri, known for his actions during the Battle of Al-Harrah.

كتائب مسرف — battalions of Musrif

سَرَفَ الماءverb

1.
Water flowed away uselesslyclassical
Water that flows away from a basin or well without serving a purpose like irrigation.

سرف الدلاء من القليب الخضرم — the buckets' water flowed away from the deep well

سَرَفَnoun

1.
Excessive indulgenceclassical
Being overly accustomed or addicted to something.

سَرْفُ العَقْلِnoun

1.
Impaired intellectclassical
Having a corrupted or impaired mind or intellect.

مَسْرُوفَةadjective

1.
Ear cut offclassical
Describing an animal, particularly a sheep, whose ear has been completely cut off.

سَرَفَ الأُذُنَverb

1.
To cut off the earclassical
To sever the ear of an animal.

Parallel reading

السرف، محركة: ضد القصد

Al-saraf (with harakah): the opposite of moderation.

وفي اللسان: مجاوزة القصد

And in Lisan al-Arab: exceeding moderation.

وقال غيره: هو تجاوز ما حد لك.

And others said: it is exceeding what has been set for you.

السرف أيضا: الإغفال، والخطأ

Al-saraf also means: negligence, and error.

فقيل له في ذلك، فقال: مررت بكم فسرفتكم، أي: أغفلتكم

So he was asked about that, and he said: I passed by you and neglected you, meaning: I overlooked you.

ما في عطائهم من ولا سرف

There is no extravagance in their giving.

إن للحم سرفا كسرف الخمر

Indeed, meat has a habituation like the habituation of wine.

لا ينتهب الرجل نهبة ذات سرف وهو مؤمن

A believer should not plunder a plunder that involves extravagance.

سرف ككتف: ع على عشرة أميال من مكة

Sarf (like kutuf): a place ten miles from Mecca.

تزوج به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ميمونة بنت الحارث الهلالية، رضي الله عنها سنة تسع من الهجرة، في عمرة القضاء، وبنى بها بسرف

The Prophet, peace be upon him, married Maimunah bint Al-Harith Al-Hilaliyyah, may Allah be pleased with her, in the year nine of the Hijrah, during the Umrah of Al-Qada', and consummated the marriage with her in Sarf.

فإن سمعتم بجيش سالك سرفا ... أو بطن مر فأخفوا الجرس واكتتموا

If you hear of an army passing through Sarf... or the valley of Mar, then hide your bells and conceal yourselves.

رجل سرف الفؤاد: أي مخطئه، غافله

A man with a negligent heart: meaning mistaken, forgetful.

إن امرأ سرف يرى ... عسلا بماء سحابة شتمى

Indeed, a man who errs sees... honey in the water of a cloud, a curse.

السرفة، بالضم: دويبة تتخذ لنفسها بيتا مربعا من دقاق العيدان

Al-sarafah (with dammah): a small creature that makes for itself a square nest from small twigs.

أصنع من سرفة

More skillful than a sarafah.

قد سرفت السرفة الشجرة، من حد نصر، تسرفها، سرفا: إذا أكلت ورقها

The sarafah has damaged the tree, from the verb nasara, it damages it, sarfan: if it eats its leaves.

وأرض سرفة، كفرحة: كثيرتها

And a land sirfah (like farḥah): abundant with it.

سرفت الأم ولدها: إذا أفسدته بسرف اللبن، أي: بكثرته

The mother spoiled her child: if she corrupted him with an excess of milk, meaning: its abundance.

ذهب ماء الحوض سرفا، محركة: إذا فاض من نواحيه

The water of the basin went to waste, harakah: if it overflowed from its sides.

سرف الماء: ما ذهب منه في غير سقي ولا نفع

Sarf of water: what goes from it without irrigation or benefit.

فكأن أوساط الجدية وسطها ... سرف الدلاء من القليب الخضرم

As if the middles of the water skins in their midst... were the wasted water from the deep well.

ولا تسرفوا

And do not be extravagant.

فلا يسرف في القتل

So let him not exceed the limit in killing.

وهم منعوا ذماري يوم جاءت ... كتائب مسرف وبنو اللكيعه

And they protected my honor the day came... the battalions of Musrif and the sons of Al-Lukay'ah.

أكله سرفا وإسرافا: أي في عجلة

Eating it with sarf and israf: meaning in haste.

أسرف في الكلام: أفرط

He was extravagant in speech: he was excessive.

وسرفت يمينه: أي لم أعرفها

And his oath was unknown to me: meaning I did not know it.

السرف، محركة: اللهج بالشيء

Al-saraf (with harakah): being addicted to something.

والإسراف أيضا: الإكثار من الذنوب والخطايا

And al-israf also: the multiplication of sins and transgressions.

والسرف، ككتف: الجاهل، كالمسرف

And al-saraf (like kutuf): the ignorant, like the extravagant one.

ورجل سرف العقل: أي قليله، وقيل: فاسده

And a man with a deficient mind: meaning little of it, and it was said: corrupted.

والمسرف: الكافر

And al-musrif: the disbeliever.

سرف الطعام، كفرح: ائتكل حتى كأن السرفة أصابته

Food sarf (like farḥ): became rotten as if the sarafah had afflicted it.

وسرفت الشجرة، بالضم، سرفا: إذا وقعت فيها السرفة، فهي مسروفة

And the tree sarfat (with dammah), sarfan: if the sarafah fell upon it, it is masrufah.

وشاة مسروفة: مقطوعة الأذن أصلا

And a masrufah sheep: its ear is cut off originally.

وسرفت أذنها، وهو مجاز

And its ear was cut off, and this is metaphorical.

يفعل السرف بالنشب، ما يفعل السرف بالخشب

Sarf does to property what saraf does to wood.