ربع

Root entry · 20 derived lemmas

The root ربع (r-b-ʿ) primarily relates to the number four and its multiples, as well as the season of spring. It extends to concepts of speed, strength, and specific stages of animal development, particularly in relation to age and shedding teeth. It also encompasses terms for specific body parts and geographical locations.

Derived headwords

الرَّبْعَةnoun

1.
intense runningclassical
The most intense form of running, or the most intense gait of camels.
2.
a type of gaitclassical
A type of camel gait that is not the most intense.
3.
a tribeclassical
A tribe from the Azd.
4.
space between hearthstonesclassical
The space between the hearthstones of a pot where embers gather.

رَبَعَverb

1.
to become fourboth
To become four in number or to reach the age of four.
2.
to settle in spring quartersclassical
To settle in a place during the spring season, often due to abundant rain, and cease nomadic movement.
3.
to shed teethclassical
For an animal to shed its juvenile teeth and grow adult ones, specifically reaching the fourth year of age.
4.
to increaseclassical
To increase in number, specifically referring to water in a well becoming abundant.
5.
to mate repeatedlyclassical
To engage in sexual intercourse repeatedly or frequently.
6.
to stop visitingclassical
To cease visiting someone for two days and then return on the third.

رُبَاعnoun

1.
four by fourclassical
A word used to indicate 'four by four', derived from the number four.
2.
animal shedding teethclassical
An animal that has shed its juvenile teeth and grown adult ones, specifically in its fourth year.

الرُّبَاعِيَّةnoun

1.
incisor toothboth
The tooth located between the incisor and the canine, one of the four teeth following the central incisors.
2.
female animal in fourth yearclassical
A female animal in its fourth year, particularly one that has shed its juvenile teeth.

رَبِيعname

1.
spring seasonboth
The season of spring, known for its blooming and pleasant weather.
2.
male given nameboth
A common male given name in Arabic.
3.
female given nameboth
A female given name, such as Rabīʿah bint Muʿawidh.

المَرْبَعnoun

1.
spring quartersclassical
A place where people settle during the spring season, often due to abundant rain.
2.
pregnant she-camelclassical
A she-camel that is pregnant and due to give birth in the spring, or one whose offspring is young.
3.
ship's sailclassical
A full sail of a ship.

المَرَابِيعnoun

1.
spring rainsclassical
The rains that fall at the beginning of spring.
2.
star-induced rainsclassical
Rains associated with specific constellations or celestial events in early spring.

الرَّوْبَعnoun

1.
weak and base personclassical
A person who is weak, base, or of low standing.

الرَّوْبَعَةnoun

1.
short manclassical
A short man.
2.
shortness of the hockclassical
The shortness of the hock (a part of an animal's leg).
3.
disease causing collapseclassical
A disease that affects young animals, causing them to collapse as if struck down.

اليَرْبُوعnoun

1.
jerboaboth
A small desert rodent known for its long hind legs and hopping gait, having four doors to its burrow.
2.
flesh of the backclassical
The flesh of the back, by analogy with the jerboa.

رَبَّعَverb

1.
to make fourclassical
To make something into four parts or to multiply by four.

أَرْبَعَverb

1.
to become fourboth
To become four in number or to reach the age of four.
2.
to settle in spring quartersclassical
To settle in a place during the spring season, often due to abundant rain, and cease nomadic movement.
3.
to shed teethclassical
For an animal to shed its juvenile teeth and grow adult ones, specifically reaching the fourth year of age.
4.
to increaseclassical
To increase in number, specifically referring to water in a well becoming abundant.
5.
to mate repeatedlyclassical
To engage in sexual intercourse repeatedly or frequently.
6.
to stop visitingclassical
To cease visiting someone for two days and then return on the third.

تَرَبَّعَverb

1.
to sit cross-leggedmodern
To sit with one's legs crossed, often in a relaxed or formal posture.

رُبَاعِيadjective

1.
four-leggedboth
Having four legs.
2.
quadrupleboth
Consisting of four parts or elements.
3.
related to the fourth yearclassical
Pertaining to the fourth year of age, especially in animals regarding teeth shedding.

رَبِيعَةname

1.
female given nameboth
A female given name, often a diminutive or variant of Rabīʿ.
2.
a tribeclassical
A name for a tribe or a section of a tribe.

رُبْعnoun

1.
quarterboth
One fourth of a whole.
2.
spring seasonboth
The season of spring.

رَبَّاعnoun

1.
one who buys many housesclassical
Someone who frequently buys houses or dwellings.

رَبِيعَانname

1.
male given nameclassical
A male given name.

رُبْعِيadjective

1.
quarterlymodern
Occurring or published every quarter.

رَبَّاعِيadjective

1.
four-leggedboth
Having four legs.
2.
quadrupleboth
Consisting of four parts or elements.
3.
related to the fourth yearclassical
Pertaining to the fourth year of age, especially in animals regarding teeth shedding.

Parallel reading

واعرورت العلط العرضي تركضه ... أم الفوارس بالدئداء والربعه

And the strong, broad-backed she-camel ran with it... the mother of knights, through the deep sand and the intense running.

وهذا البيت يضرب مثلا في شدة الأمر، يقول: ركبت هذه المرأة التي لها بنون فوارس بعيرا من عرض الإبل لا من خيارها.

This verse is used as an example of the severity of a situation, meaning: this woman, who has knightly sons, rode a camel from the ordinary ones, not from the best.

فحملته على الدئداء والربعة، وهما أشد العدو

And drove it through the deep sand and the intense running, which are the most severe gaits.

فأدخل يده تحت الخوان فقال: بين هذه القوائم ربعة.

So he put his hand under the table and said: the space between these legs is a 'rab'ah'.

على إسته روبعة أو روبعا

On its hindquarters, a weak or base one.

يقال: أخذه روبعة وروبع، أي سقوط من مرض وغيره.

It is said: 'He was overcome by ruba'ah and ruba', meaning a fall due to illness or other causes.

كانت قفيرة باللقاح مربة ... تبكي إذا أخذ الفصيل الروبع

She was barren from nursing... weeping when the young camel was overcome by illness.

دابة، م، وهي فأرة لجحرها أربعة أبواب.

An animal, feminine, which is a mouse with four doors to its burrow.

من المجاز: اليربوع: لحمة المتن، على التشبيه بالفأرة، أو هي بالضم، أو يرابيع المتن: لحماته، لا واحد لها

Metaphorically: The jerboa is the flesh of the back, by analogy with the mouse, or it is with the vowel 'damma', or 'yarabi'' of the back: its fleshy parts, for which there is no singular.

مر تنزو حرابي متنه ويرابيعه، وهي لحمات المتن.

He passed by, his back muscles twitching and its fleshy parts moving, which are the muscles of the back.

قال ابن الأعرابي: الرباع: كشداد: الكثير شراء الرباع، وهي المنازل.

Ibn al-A'rabi said: 'Ar-rubba': like 'shiddad': one who buys many dwellings, which are houses.

مثنى وثلاث ورباع، أي أربعا أربعا، فعدله، فلذلك ترك صرفه أي للعدل والتعريف.

Two, and three, and four by four, meaning four by four, so it is made indeclinable, and therefore it is not declined, meaning for the sake of parallelism and definiteness.

وهي إحدى الأسنان الأربعة التي تلي الثنايا، تكون للإنسان وغيره، ج رباعيات.

It is one of the four teeth that follow the incisors, found in humans and others, plural 'rubāʿiyyāt'.

للإنسان من فوق ثنيتان، ورباعيتان بعدهما، ونابان، وضاحكان، وستة أرحاء من كل جانب، وناجذان، وكذلك من أسفل.

Humans have two incisors on top, and two incisors after them, two canines, two molars, six grinding teeth on each side, and two wisdom teeth, and likewise below.

لم أجد إلا جملا خيارا رباعيا.

I found nothing but a good, four-year-old camel.

كأن تحتي أخدريا أحقبا ... رباعيا مرتبعا أو شوقبا

As if beneath me was a young camel, strong and four-year-old, or a swift runner.

جمل وفرس رباع ورباع، الأخير عن كراع، قال: ولا نظير لها سوى ثمان ويمان وشناح.

A camel and a horse that are four-year-old and four-year-old, the latter from Kura', who said: and there is no parallel to them except 'thamān', 'yamān', and 'shanāḥ'.

أربعت تربع إرباعا، وحكى الأزهري عن ابن الأعرابي قال: الخيل تثني وتربع وتقرح، والإبل تثني وتربع وتسدس وتبزل، والغنم تثني وتربع وتسدس وتصلغ

They reached the fourth year, they are in their fourth year, shedding teeth. Al-Azhari narrated from Ibn al-A'rabi: Horses shed teeth and reach their fourth year and their molars erupt; camels shed teeth, reach their fourth year, their sixth year, and their tusks erupt; sheep shed teeth, reach their fourth year, their sixth year, and their first molars erupt.

فإذا استتم الرابعة فهو رباع، قال: وإذا سقطت رواضعه ونبت مكانها سن فهو رباع

And when it completes the fourth year, it is 'rubāʿ'. He said: And when its milk teeth fall out and a tooth grows in their place, it is 'rubāʿ'.

إذا طعن البعير في السنة الخامسة فهو جذع، فإذا طعن في السادسة فهو ثني، فإذا طعن في السابعة فهو رباع، والأنثى رباعية، فإذا طعن في الثامنة فهو سدس وسديس، فإذا طعن في التاسعة فهو بازل.

If a camel enters its fifth year, it is 'jadh'a'; if it enters its sixth, it is 'thani'; if it enters its seventh, it is 'rubāʿ', and the female is 'rubāʿiyyah'; if it enters its eighth, it is 'sudus' and 'sudays'; if it enters its ninth, it is 'bāzil'.

تُجذع العناق لسنة، وتثنى لتمام سنتين، وهي رباعية وصالغ لتمام خمس سنين.

A young goat becomes 'jadh'a' at one year, and 'thani' at the completion of two years, and it is 'rubāʿiyyah' and 'ṣāliġ' at the completion of five years.

ولد البقرة أول سنة تبيع، ثم جذع، ثم ثني، ثم رباع، ثم سدس، ثم صالغ، وهو أقصى أسنانه.

A calf in its first year is 'tabīʿ', then 'jadh'a', then 'thani', then 'rubāʿ', then 'sudus', then 'ṣāliġ', which is the furthest of its teeth.

صاروا في الربيع أو دخلوا فيه، أو أربعوا: صاروا أربعة أو أربعين.

They entered spring or came into it, or they became four or forty.

أو أربعوا: أقاموا في المربع عن الارتياد والنجعة، لعموم الغيث، فهم يربعون حيث كانوا، أي يقيمون للخصب العام، ولا يحتاجون إلى الانتقال في طلب الكلإ.

Or they settled: they stayed in the spring quarters, ceasing their search for pasture due to the general rain, so they remained where they were, meaning they settled for the general fertility and did not need to move in search of fodder.

المربع: الناقة التي تنتج في الربيع، فإن كان ذلك عادتها فهي مرباع، نقله الجوهري، وقد تقدم.

Al-murba': The she-camel that gives birth in spring; if that is her habit, she is 'mirbāʿ', as narrated by Al-Jawhari, and it has been mentioned before.

المربع: هي التي ولدها معها وهو ربع، وكذلك المرباع، عن الأصمعي.

Al-murba': She is the one whose offspring is with her and is young, and likewise 'al-mirbāʿ', according to Al-Asma'i.

رزقت مرابيع النجوم وصابها ... ودق الرواعد جودها فرهامها

You were blessed with the spring rains of the stars, and the fine rain of the thunderclouds, their bounty and their gentle showers.

مرابيع النجوم: التي يكون بها المطر في أول الأنواء.

The spring rains of the stars: those during which rain falls at the beginning of the star-showers.

أربعت الناقة فهي مربع، إذا استغلقت رحمها فلم تقبل الماء، وكذلك ارتبعت.

The she-camel is 'murabbaʿ', if her womb is closed and does not accept water, and likewise 'irtabaʿat'.

أربع ماء هذه الركية، أي كثر.

The water of this well has become abundant, meaning it has increased.

أربع الورد: أسرع الكر، كما في العباب، أي أربعت الإبل بالورد: إذا أسرعت الكر إليه، فوردت بلا وقت، وحكاه أبو عبيد بالغين المعجمة، وهو تصحيف، كما في اللسان.

To hasten to the watering place: to run quickly, as in Al-'Abāb. Meaning: the camels hastened to the watering place: if they ran quickly to it, they arrived at an unscheduled time. Abu 'Ubayd narrated it with the letter 'ghayn', which is a misspelling, as in Al-Lisān.

أربع الإبل على الماء: إذا أرسلها وتركها ترد الماء متى شاءت.

The camels were left to water: if they were sent and allowed to drink water whenever they wished.

أربع فلان: إذا أكثر من النكاح.

So-and-so engaged in frequent intercourse: if he increased his sexual relations.

أربع بالمرأة: إذا كر إلى مجامعتها من غير فترة.

He returned to the woman: if he returned to have intercourse with her without a pause.

أربع عليه السائل، إذا سأل ثم ذهب، ثم عاد، نقله الصاغاني هكذا.

The asker returned to him: if he asked, then left, then returned, as narrated by Al-Saghani.

أربع المريض: ترك عيادته يومين، وأتاه في اليوم الثالث، هكذا في النسخ، ومثله في العباب، وهكذا وجد بخط الجوهري.

The sick person was left: he was not visited for two days, and was visited on the third day, as found in the manuscripts, and similarly in Al-'Abāb, and thus it was found in Al-Jawhari's handwriting.