ك ظ ظ

Root entry · 30 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of fullness, blockage, and being overwhelmed, often related to physical sensations like overeating or emotional states like distress and anger. It can also extend to concepts of pressure, hardship, and intense engagement.

Derived headwords

الكِظَّةnoun

1.
fullness (from eating)both
A feeling of fullness or bloating, especially after eating or drinking too much.
2.
distress, burdenclassical
A state of being overwhelmed or burdened by something, often an emotional or mental weight.

كظهverb

1.
to fill upboth
To fill something completely, to the point of being unable to hold more, often used for food or drink.
2.
to overwhelmclassical
To burden or oppress someone, to fill them with distress or hardship.
3.
to choke back (anger)classical
To suppress or hold back anger or emotion.

{كظه الطعام، وكذلك الشراب،} يكظه {كظا، أي ملأه حتى لا يطيق على النفس — Food and drink fill him up, he fills it up to the point of not being able to bear it anymore.

اكتظverb

1.
to be fullboth
To become full or crowded, especially a container or a space.
2.
to be overwhelmedclassical
To be filled with emotion, such as anger or distress.

فاكتظ، أي امتلأ — He became full, meaning he became filled.

{فاكتظ الوادي بثجيجه أي امتلأ) بالمطر والسيل — The valley became full with its downpour, meaning it filled with rain and flood.

كظه الأمرverb

1.
to burden, oppressclassical
When a matter or situation becomes overwhelming, burdensome, or difficult for someone.

{وكظه الأمر} يكظه {كظا،} وكظاظا {وكظاظة، بفتحهما: بهظه وملأه هما، وكربه وجهده وأثقله — The matter burdened him, filled him, distressed him, exhausted him, and weighed him down.

كظاظnoun

1.
hardship, exhaustionclassical
Difficulty and exhaustion in an undertaking, to the point of taking one's breath away.
2.
prolonged engagementclassical
Extended and intense involvement or persistence, especially in a difficult situation.
3.
intense combatclassical
Fierce and close engagement in warfare, characterized by crowding and pressure.
4.
burden of worryclassical
The weight of worries that fills the heart.

ويروى للعجاج: (إنا أناس نلزم الحفاظا ... إذ سئمت ربيعة {الكظاظا) — And it is narrated from Al-A'raj: 'We are people who uphold commitments... when Rabi'ah grew weary of the hardship.'

كاظهverb

1.
to engage intensely withclassical
To engage with someone or something intensely, especially in conflict or competition.

{كاظهم ما} كاظوك، أي لا تسأمهم أو يسأموا — Engage with them as they engage with you, meaning do not tire of them or let them tire of you.

مكاظةnoun

1.
intense engagementclassical
Intense and close engagement, particularly in warfare, involving crowding and pressure.
2.
excessive hostilityclassical
Exceeding the limit in enmity or conflict.

تكاظواverb

1.
to crowd togetherclassical
To press closely together, especially in a battle or crowded situation.

وتكاظوا: تضايقوا في المعركة عند الحرب — And they crowded together: they pressed each other in battle during war.

كظيظadjective

1.
full of suppressed angerclassical
Filled with suppressed anger or distress, holding back strong emotions.
2.
oppressed, burdenedclassical
Feeling weighed down or oppressed by circumstances or emotions.

فهو {كظيظ،} ومكظوظ، {ومكظظ، كمعظم، أي مغموم ملآن من الثقل — So he is full of suppressed anger, and oppressed, and overwhelmed, meaning distressed and full of burden.

مكظوظadjective

1.
oppressed, burdenedclassical
Feeling weighed down or oppressed by circumstances or emotions.

مكظظadjective

1.
oppressed, burdenedclassical
Feeling weighed down or oppressed by circumstances or emotions.

كظ لظadjective

1.
harsh, sternclassical
A person who is harsh, stern, and unyielding in their dealings.

ورجل كظ لظ، أي عسر متشدد — And a harsh, stern man, meaning difficult and rigid.

كظكظverb

1.
to sit hunchedclassical
To sit in a hunched or bent posture, especially when eating or when one's stomach is full.

وقال ابن عباد: هو {يتكظكظ عند الأكل، أي ينتصب قاعدا. وقال الليث: أي تراه منحنيا، وكلما امتلأ بطنه ينتصب جسده قاعدا — And Ibn 'Abbad said: He sits hunched when eating, meaning he sits upright. And Al-Layth said: Meaning you see him bent over, and whenever his stomach fills, his body straightens up while sitting.

كظكظةnoun

1.
straightening (of a waterskin)classical
The straightening or expansion of a waterskin as it fills with liquid.

والكظكظة: امتداد السقاء إذا ملأته — And the karkaza: the stretching of the waterskin when you fill it.

أكظةnoun

1.
plural of kiththa (fullness)classical
Plural of 'kiththa', referring to multiple instances of fullness or overeating.

وجمع} الكظة {أكظة. ومنه حديث النخعي:} الأكظة على الأكظة مسمنة مكسلة مسقمة — And the plural of 'kiththa' is 'akiththa'. And from it is the hadith of Al-Nakha'i: 'Fullness upon fullness fattens, incapacitates, and sickens.'

كظظتهverb

1.
to fill (waterskin)classical
To fill a waterskin to its capacity, causing it to straighten.

وقد {كظظته، وهو} مكظوظ، {وكظيظ — And you have filled it, and it is filled, and full.

مكظوظ (2)adjective

1.
filled (waterskin)classical
A waterskin that has been filled to capacity and is straightened.

كظيظ (2)adjective

1.
filled (waterskin)classical
A waterskin that has been filled to capacity and is straightened.

اكتظهverb

1.
to be overwhelmed by angerclassical
To be filled with intense anger.

{واكتظه الغيظ} ككظه — And anger filled him, like filling him.

كظيظ (3)adjective

1.
extremely angryclassical
Experiencing intense anger.

{والكظيظ، كأمير: المغتاظ أشد الغيظ — And 'al-kathiith', like 'ameer': one who is extremely angry.

تكظكظverb

1.
to become fullclassical
To become full, especially referring to a waterskin.

{وتكظكظ السقاء: امتلأ — And the waterskin became full: it became filled.

كظه (2)verb

1.
to gag, to muzzleclassical
To gag someone or prevent them from speaking or escaping, like putting a muzzle on them.

وكظ خصمه {كظا: ألجمه حتى لا يجد مخرجا يخرج إليه — And he gagged his opponent, meaning he muzzled him until he found no way out.

مكظةnoun

1.
indigestion, overfullnessclassical
A state of indigestion or feeling overly full from food.

وهذا الطعام مكظة، أي متخمة — And this food is a cause of indigestion, meaning it causes overfullness.

اكتظ (2)verb

1.
to crowd, to be congestedboth
To be crowded or congested, especially in a space like a mosque.

{واكتظ القوم في المسجد: ازدحموا — And the people crowded in the mosque: they were congested.

الكظيظ (4)noun

1.
crowding, congestionclassical
The state of being crowded or congested.
2.
fullnessclassical
The state of being full.

والكظيظ: الازدحام والامتلاء — And 'al-kathiith': crowding and fullness.

التكاظnoun

1.
excessive hostilityclassical
Exceeding the limit in enmity or conflict.

{والتكاظ} والمكاظة: تجاوز الحد في العداوة — And 'al-takath': and 'al-mukaththa': exceeding the limit in enmity.

الكظاظ (2)noun

1.
burden of worryclassical
The weight of worries that fills the heart.

{والكظاظ: ما يملأ القلب من الهم — And 'al-kithath': what fills the heart with worry.

كظ المسيلverb

1.
to flood, to fill upclassical
When a streambed or channel becomes full and congested with water.

وكظ المسيل، مثل {اكتظ — And the streambed filled up, like becoming full.

كظ الحبلverb

1.
to tighten (a rope)classical
To tighten a rope firmly.

وقال ابن عباد: يقال:} كظ الحبل أي شده — And Ibn 'Abbad said: It is said: 'He tightened the rope', meaning he secured it.

يكظهverb

1.
to chase closelyclassical
To chase something closely, almost catching it.

ويقال: جاء يكظه للذي يطرد شيئا من خلفه، وقد كاد يلحقه — And it is said: He came chasing it closely, meaning he was chasing something from behind him, and had almost caught it.

Parallel reading

بالكسر: البطنة، كما في المحكم.

With kasra: fullness, as in Al-Muhkam.

شيء يعتري الإنسان.

Something that befalls a person.

الحيوان من امتلاء.

The animal from fullness.

عن الامتلاء من الطعام.

From being full of food.

{كظه الطعام، وكذلك الشراب،} يكظه {كظا، أي ملأه حتى لا يطيق على النفس،} فاكتظ، أي امتلأ.

Food and drink fill him up, he fills it up to the point of not being able to bear it anymore, so he became full, meaning he became filled.

فإذا علته البطنة، وأخذته {الكظة، قال: هات هاضوما.

So when fullness overcame him, and the fullness from eating afflicted him, he said: Bring me a digestive.

قال: فإذا كظك الطعام أخذت منه أي امتلأت منه وأثقلك.

He said: So when food fills you up, you take from it, meaning you become full from it and it weighs you down.

إن شبعت} - كظني، وإن جعت أضعفني.

If I am full - it overwhelms me, and if I am hungry, it weakens me.

{وكظه الأمر} يكظه {كظا،} وكظاظا {وكظاظة، بفتحهما: بهظه وملأه هما، وكربه وجهده وأثقله، وهو مجاز.

And the matter burdened him, it burdens him, it fills him, it distresses him, it exhausts him, and it weighs him down, and this is metaphorical.

فقال:} وكظ ليس {كالكظ، أي هم يملأ الجوف ليس كسائر الهموم، ولكنه أشد.

And he said: And a worry that is not like other worries, meaning a worry that fills the gut, not like other worries, but it is more severe.

ورجل كظ لظ، أي عسر متشدد، كما في الصحاح.

And a harsh, stern man, meaning difficult and rigid, as in Sahih.

رجل كظ للذي تبهظه الأمور وتغلبه حتى يعجز عنها.

A man who is overwhelmed by matters and they overcome him until he is unable to deal with them.

وكظ الغيظ صدره، أي ملأه، فهو {كظيظ،} ومكظوظ، {ومكظظ، كمعظم، أي مغموم ملآن من الثقل.

And anger filled his chest, meaning it filled it, so he is full of suppressed anger, and oppressed, and overwhelmed, meaning distressed and full of burden.

الكظاظ، ككتاب: الشدة والتعب في الأمر حتى يأخذ بالنفس.

Al-kithath, like kitāb: hardship and exhaustion in a matter until it takes one's breath away.

إنا أناس نلزم الحفاظا ... إذ سئمت ربيعة {الكظاظا

We are people who uphold commitments... when Rabi'ah grew weary of the hardship

وخطة لا خير في} كظاظها

And a situation in which there is no good in its prolonged engagement

الكظاظ أيضا: الممارسة الشديدة في الحرب،} كالمكاظة، نقله الجوهري، ويقال: الكظاظ في الحرب: المضايقة والملازمة في مضيق المعركة.

Al-kithath also: intense practice in war, like al-mukaththa, as نقل by Al-Jawhari, and it is said: Al-kithath in war: crowding and close engagement in the narrow battlefield.

{كاظ القوم بعضهم بعضا} مكاظة {وكظاظا،} وتكاظوا: تضايقوا في المعركة عند الحرب.

The people engaged with each other intensely, in intense engagement and crowding, and they crowded together: they pressed each other in battle during war.

ليس أخو الكظاظ من تسأمه يقول: {كاظهم ما} كاظوك، أي لا تسأمهم أو يسأموا.

The one who endures hardship is not the one you tire of, it is said: Engage with them as they engage with you, meaning do not tire of them or let them tire of you.

هو {يتكظكظ عند الأكل، أي ينتصب قاعدا. وقال الليث: أي تراه منحنيا، وكلما امتلأ بطنه ينتصب جسده قاعدا.

He sits hunched when eating, meaning he sits upright. And Al-Layth said: Meaning you see him bent over, and whenever his stomach fills, his body straightens up while sitting.

واكتظ المسيل بالماء: إذا ضاق به لكثرته.

And the streambed became full with water: when it became constricted by its abundance.

{فاكتظ الوادي بثجيجه أي امتلأ) بالمطر والسيل، وهو مجاز.

So the valley became full with its downpour, meaning it filled with rain and flood, and this is metaphorical.

والكظكظة: امتداد السقاء إذا ملأته، قاله الليث، وقد {كظظته، وهو} مكظوظ، {وكظيظ.

And al-karkaza: the stretching of the waterskin when you fill it, said Al-Layth, and you have filled it, and it is filled, and full.

وهي أن تراه يستوي كلما صببت فيه الماء.

And it is that you see it straighten every time you pour water into it.

كظه {كظة: غمه من كثرة الأكل، قاله الليث.

He was afflicted with kiththa: his distress from overeating, said Al-Layth.

الأكظة على الأكظة مسمنة مكسلة مسقمة.

Fullness upon fullness fattens, incapacitates, and sickens.

{واكتظه الغيظ} ككظه.

And anger filled him, like filling him.

{والكظيظ، كأمير: المغتاظ أشد الغيظ.

And 'al-kathiith', like 'ameer': one who is extremely angry.

عدوك مسرور وذو الود بالذي ... يرى منك من غيظ عليك} كظيظ)

Your enemy is pleased, and your loved one is pleased by what... they see from your extreme anger towards you)

{وتكظكظ السقاء: امتلأ.

And the waterskin became full: it became filled.

وكظ خصمه {كظا: ألجمه حتى لا يجد مخرجا يخرج إليه.

And he gagged his opponent, meaning he muzzled him until he found no way out.

وهذا الطعام مكظة، أي متخمة،! واكتظ بطنه.

And this food is a cause of indigestion, meaning it causes overfullness, and his stomach became full.

{واكتظ القوم في المسجد: ازدحموا.

And the people crowded in the mosque: they were congested.

والكظيظ: الازدحام والامتلاء.

And 'al-kathiith': crowding and fullness.

{والتكاظ} والمكاظة: تجاوز الحد في العداوة.

And 'al-takath' and 'al-mukaththa': exceeding the limit in enmity.

{والكظاظ: ما يملأ القلب من الهم.

And 'al-kithath': what fills the heart with worry.

وكظ المسيل، مثل {اكتظ.

And the streambed filled up, like becoming full.

يقال:} كظ الحبل أي شده.

It is said: He tightened the rope, meaning he secured it.

ويقال: جاء يكظه للذي يطرد شيئا من خلفه، وقد كاد يلحقه، كما في العباب.

And it is said: He came chasing it closely, meaning he was chasing something from behind him, and had almost caught it, as in Al-'Abab.

ورجل} كظ لظ أي عسر متشدد، نقله الجوهري.

And a harsh, stern man, meaning difficult and rigid, as نقل by Al-Jawhari.