القرظ، محركة: ورق السلم يدبغ به
Al-Qaraz, vocalized with fatha on the qaf and ra: the leaves of the Acacia tree used for tanning.
وهو قول الليث، أو ثمر السنط، ويعتصر منه الأقاقيا.
This is the opinion of Al-Layth, or the fruit of the Acacia tree, from which Aqāqiyā is extracted.
القرظ: أجود ما تدبغ به الأهب في أرض العرب، وهي تدبغ بورقه وثمره.
Al-Qaraz: the best substance used to tan hides in the land of the Arabs, and they tan them with its leaves and fruit.
وهو ينبت في القيعان، واحدته قرظة، وبها سم ي الرجل قرظة، وقريظة.
It grows in low-lying areas; its singular is 'qarazah', and it is a poison that affects a man, called 'qarazah' and 'qurayzah'.
أقاقيا: هو عصارة القرظ، وفيه لذع، وأجوده الطيب الرائحة الرزين الصلب الأخضر، يشد الأعضاء المسترخية إذا طبخ في ماء وصب عليها.
Aqāqiyā: it is the extract of Al-Qaraz, and it has a sting; the best of it is fragrant, dense, solid, and green, and it tightens relaxed limbs when boiled in water and poured over them.
والقارظ: مجتنيه وجامعه.
And Al-Qāriz: its collector and gatherer.
والقراظ، كشداد: بائعه
And Al-Qirāz, like shiddād: its seller.
وأديم مقروظ: دبغ أو صبغ به، يقال: قرظ السقاء يقرظه قرظا، أي دبغه بالقرظ، أو صبغه به.
And a Maqrūẓ leather: tanned or dyed with it. It is said: 'He tanned the waterskin, he tanned it with Qaraz,' meaning he tanned it with Al-Qaraz, or dyed it with it.
وكبش قرظي، كعربي وجهني، الأخير على تغيير النسب يمني، لأنها منابته، نقله الجوهري.
And a Quraẓī ram, like 'arabī and wajhanī, the latter being a change in attribution to Yemeni because it is where they grow, as نقل by Al-Jawharī.
والقارظان: رجلان أحدهما يذكر بن عنزة وهو الأكبر، كان لصلبه، والآخر عامر بن رهم بن هميم بن يذكر بن عنزة كذا ذكره ابن الأعرابي وقال غيره: هو رهم بن عامر وهو الأصغر، ويقال له القارظ الثاني وكلاهما من عنزة، يقال: إنهما خرجا في طلب القرظ يجتنيانه فلم يرجعا، فضرب بهما المثل فقالوا: لا آتيك أو يؤوب القارظ.
And Al-Qāriẓān: two men, one is mentioned as Ibn 'Anazah, the elder, from his lineage, and the other is 'Āmir ibn Rihm ibn Humaym ibn Yadhkur ibn 'Anazah, as mentioned by Ibn Al-A'rābī. Others said: he is Rihm ibn 'Āmir, the younger, and he is called the second Qāriz, and both are from 'Anazah. It is said they went out in search of Qaraz to collect it and did not return, so a proverb was made about them, and they said: 'I will not come to you until Al-Qāriz returns.'
يضرب في انقطاع الغيبة، وإياهما أراد أبو ذؤيب بقوله: (وحتى يؤوب القارظان كلاهما ... وينشر في القتلى كليب لوائل)
This is used to signify a prolonged absence. Abu Dhu'ayb intended them in his saying: (And until both Al-Qāriẓān return... and Kulaib of Wa'il is spread among the slain).
ولا آتيك القارظ العنزي، أي لا آتيك ما غاب القارظ العنزي فأقام القارظ العنزي) مقام الدهر، ونسبه على الظرف، وهذا اتساع، وله نظائر.
And 'I will not come to you until Al-Qāriẓ Al-'Anazī returns,' meaning: I will not come to you as long as Al-Qāriẓ Al-'Anazī is absent, so Al-Qāriẓ Al-'Anazī stands in place of eternity, and its نصب is as an adverb, and this is an extension, and it has parallels.
وسعد بن عائذ المؤذن، يقال له سعد القرظ الصحابي، رضي الله عنه، وهو مولى عمار بن ياسر، رضي الله عنه، لأنه كان كلما تجر في شيء وضع فيه، وتجر فيه فربح، فلزمه، أي لزم تجارته، فعرف به، وكان قد جعله رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مؤذنا بقباء، وخليفة بلال إذا غاب، ثم استقل بالأذان زمن أبي بكر وعمر، رضي الله عنهما، وبقي الأذان في عقبه.
And Sa'd ibn 'Ā'idh the muezzin, he is called Sa'd Al-Qaraz the Companion, may Allah be pleased with him. He was a freed slave of 'Ammār ibn Yāsir, may Allah be pleased with him, because whenever he traded in something, he would invest in it and profit, so he stuck to it, meaning he stuck to his trade, and became known for it. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had appointed him as a muezzin in Qubā', and as a deputy for Bilal when he was absent, then he took charge of the call to prayer during the time of Abu Bakr and 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, and the call to prayer remained in his lineage.
ومروان القرظ، أضيف إليه، لأنه كان يغزو اليمن وهي منابته، ومنه المثل: أعز من مروان القرظ، وقيل: أضيف إليه، لأنه كان يحمي القرظ لعزته.
And Marwān Al-Qaraz, he was attributed to it because he used to campaign in Yemen, where it grows, and from him comes the proverb: 'More precious than Marwān Al-Qaraz.' It was also said: he was attributed to it because he used to protect the Qaraz due to its value.
وقرظه بن كعب بن عمر و، محركة، صحابي من الأنصار رضي الله عنه، كما في العباب.
And Qurẓah ibn Ka'b ibn 'Amr, vocalized with fatha on the qaf and ra, a Companion from the Ansar, may Allah be pleased with him, as stated in Al-'Abbāb.
وذو قرظ، محركة، أو ذو قريظ كزبير: ع، باليمن، نقله الصاغاني.
And Dhu Al-Qaraz, vocalized with fatha on the qaf and ra, or Dhu Qurayz, like Zubayr: a place, in Yemen, as transmitted by Al-Sāghānī.
وقرظان، محركة: حصن بزبيد، من أعمال اليمن.
And Quraẓān, vocalized with fatha on the qaf and ra: a fortress in Zabid, from the regions of Yemen.
وقريظة، كجهينة:: قبيلة من يهود خيبر، وكذلك بنو النضير، وقد دخلوا في العرب على نسبهم إلى هارون أخي موسى، صلوات الله عليهما وعلى نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم، ومنهم محمد بن كعب القرظي وغيره، نقله الجوهري.
And Qurayzah, like Juhaynah: a tribe of the Jews of Khaybar, as well as Banu Al-Naḍīr. They were incorporated among the Arabs based on their lineage to Aaron, brother of Moses, peace be upon them and upon our Prophet, peace be upon him. Among them is Muhammad ibn Ka'b Al-Quraẓī and others, as transmitted by Al-Jawharī.
أما قريظة فإنهم أبيروا لنقضهم العهد، ومظاهرتهم المشركين على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، أمر بقتل مقاتليهم وسبي ذراريهم، واستفاءة مالهم.
As for Qurayzah, they were annihilated for breaking their covenant and for supporting the polytheists against the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. It was ordered that their fighters be killed, their offspring taken captive, and their wealth confiscated.
قرظته ذات الشمال، لغة في الضاد.
Dhat Al-Shamāl 'qarazatuhu', a dialectal variation of 'ḍād'.
قرظ الرجل، كفرح: ساد بعد هوان، نقله الأزهري في ق ر ض، والصاغاني في العباب.
A man 'qaraza', as in 'fariha': he became noble after humiliation, as transmitted by Al-Azhari in Q-R-Ḍ, and Al-Sāghānī in Al-'Abbāb.
التقريظ: مدح الإنسان وهو حي، والتأبين: مدحه ميتا.
Al-Taqrīẓ: praising a person while they are alive, and Al-Ta'bīn: praising them after death.
وقولهم: فلان يقرظ صاحبه ويقرضه، بالظاء والضاد جميعا، عن أبي زيد، إذا مدحه بحق أو باطل.
And their saying: 'So-and-so praises his companion and 'qaraḍahu', with both Ẓā' and Ḍād, from Abu Zayd, if he praises him rightfully or falsely.
لا تقرظوني كما قرظت النصارى عيسى.
Do not praise me excessively as the Christians praised Jesus.
يهلك في رجلان: محب مفرط يقرظني بما ليس في، ومبغض يحمله شنآني على أن يبهتني.
Two types of men will perish regarding me: an excessive lover who praises me for what is not in me, and a hater who, out of his animosity, falsely accuses me.
وهما يتقارظان المدح: يمدح كل صاحبه، ومثله يتقارضان.
And they mutually praise each other in praise: each praises his companion, and similarly, they exchange gifts.
وقيل: التقارظ في المدح والخير خاصة، والتقارض في الخير والشر.
It was said: Al-Taqāruẓ is specifically for praise and good, while Al-Taqāruḍ is for good and evil.
مأخوذ من تقريظ الأديم يبالغ في دباغه بالقرظ، فهو يزين صاحبه، كما يزين القارظ الأديم.
Derived from the tanning of leather, where one exaggerates in tanning it with Qaraz, thus adorning it, just as the tanner adorns the leather.
إبل قرظية: تأكل القرظ.
Qurẓiyyah camels: camels that eat Qaraz.
وأديم قرظي: مدبوغ بالقرظ.
And Qurẓī leather: tanned with Qaraz.
والقريظ، كزبير: فرس لبعض العرب.
And Al-Qurayẓ, like Zubayr: a horse belonging to some Arabs.
وقرظته: حذوته، عن الفراء.
And 'He shod it': meaning, he fitted shoes to it, from Al-Farra'.
وقرظة، محركة: قرية بمصر.
And Qarẓah, vocalized with fatha on the qaf and ra: a village in Egypt.