ع ظ ظ

Root entry · 18 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns hardship, severity, and intensity, particularly in the context of war or time. It also extends to meanings of being stuck, moving with difficulty, or exhibiting cowardice. Some derivations relate to the physical act of biting or being bitten, with a distinction made between biting with teeth (ض) and metaphorical biting (ظ).

Derived headwords

عَظَتهُ الحَربُverb

1.
war afflicted himclassical
War severely afflicted or afflicted him intensely.

عَظَظْتُهُverb

1.
to bite intenselyclassical
To bite intensely, likened to the severity of war.

العَظُّnoun

1.
severity of warclassical
The intensity or severity of war.
2.
severity of timeclassical
The harshness or severity of time.

مُعَظُوظٌadjective

1.
stuck to the groundclassical
To be pressed or stuck firmly to the ground.

عَظْعَظَ السَّهْمُverb

1.
arrow trembled and swervedclassical
An arrow trembled, swerved, or moved erratically in its flight.

عَظْعَظَةٌnoun

1.
trembling and swervingclassical
The act of trembling, swerving, or moving erratically, especially of an arrow.
2.
cowardiceclassical
The act of retreating from combat or backing away from a fight.

عَظْعَظَ الجَبَانُverb

1.
coward retreatedclassical
A coward retreated from his combat or turned away from it.

عَظْعَظَ في الجَبَلِverb

1.
ascended the mountainclassical
To ascend or climb a mountain.

عَظْعَظَتِ الدَّابَّةُverb

1.
animal moved its tailclassical
An animal moved its tail and walked with a constricted gait.

المُعَاظَةُnoun

1.
severity of warclassical
Severity of war, similar to المعاضة.

المُعَاضَةُnoun

1.
severity of warclassical
Severity of war, similar to المعاظة.

العَظَاظُnoun

1.
intensity of conflictclassical
The intensity of conflict or contention, similar to مظاظ.

عَاظَهُverb

1.
to contend with himclassical
To contend with someone, to engage in difficult or harsh interaction.

تَعَظْعَظِيverb

1.
refrain from advisingclassical
Refrain from advising me; cease your admonition.
2.
to be crookedclassical
To be crooked or deviate from the right path.

أَعَظَّهُ اللهُverb

1.
God made him severeclassical
God made him possess intensity or severity.

العَظْعَاظُnoun

1.
trembling and swervingclassical
The source of the trembling and swerving of an arrow.

العَظْعَظَةُnoun

1.
retreat from huntingclassical
Retreating from hunting.

أَعَظَّ الرَّجُلُverb

1.
man slandered grievouslyclassical
A man uttered a grievous or ugly slander.

Parallel reading

عظته الحرب، كعضته، عن الليث.

War afflicted him, like biting him, according to Al-Layth.

وأنكر المفضل بن سلمة عظته الحرب بالظاء.

Al-Mufaddal bin Salamah denied the 'ظ' pronunciation for the affliction of war.

وقال بعضهم: العظ من الشدة في الحرب، كأنه من عض الحرب إياه، ولكن يفرق بينهما كما يفرق بين الدعث والدعظ، لاختلاف الوضعين.

Some said: 'Al-'ظ' is from the severity in war, as if it were from the biting of war upon him, but a distinction is made between them as between 'ad-da'th' and 'ad-da'ظ', due to the difference in their positions.

وقال بعض فقهاء اللغة: كل عض بالأسنان فهو بالضاد، وما ليس بها كعظ الزمان فهو بالظاء.

Some linguists said: Every bite with teeth is with 'ض', and what is not with teeth, like the severity of time, is with 'ظ'.

والعظّ والعضّ: شدة الحرب، أو شدة الزمان، ولا تستعمل الظاء في غيرهما.

And 'al-'ظ' and 'al-'ض': severity of war, or severity of time, and 'ظ' is not used in other contexts.

قال الفرزدق: وعظ زمان يا ابن مروان لم يدعمن المال إلا مسحت أو مجلف.

Al-Farazdaq said: 'And what a severe time it was, O Ibn Marwan, it left of wealth only what was scraped or removed.'

عظ فلانا بالأرض، إذا ألزقه بها، فهو معظوظ بالأرض.

To press someone to the ground, if you stick him to it, he is 'mu'aẓẓūẓ' (pressed) to the ground.

عظعظ السهم عظعظة وعظعاظا، بالكسر، إذا ارتعش في مضيه والتوى، وقيل: مر مضطربا ولم يقصد.

The arrow 'uẓ'uẓaẓa' a 'uẓ'uẓaẓah' and 'uẓ'uẓāẓan', with kasra, if it trembled in its flight and swerved, and it was said: it passed erratically and without aim.

عظعظ الجبان عظعظة: نكص عن مقاتله، ورجع وحاد عنه، مأخوذ من عظعظة السهم.

The coward 'uẓ'uẓaẓa' a 'uẓ'uẓaẓah': he retreated from his combat, turned back and shied away from it, derived from the 'uẓ'uẓaẓah' of the arrow.

عظعظ في الجبل: صعد، عن أبي عمر و.

'Uẓ'uẓaẓa' in the mountain: he ascended, according to Abu Amr.

عظعظت الدابة عظعظة، إذا حركت ذنبها ومشت في ضيق من نفسها، عن ابن عباد.

The animal 'uẓ'uẓaẓa' a 'uẓ'uẓaẓah', if it moved its tail and walked with a constricted gait, according to Ibn 'Abbad.

المعاظة والمعاضة واحد، إلا أنهم فرقوا بين اللفظين، كما فرقوا بين المعنيين.

Al-Mu'āẓah and Al-Mu'āḍah are one, except that they distinguished between the two words, as they distinguished between the two meanings.

والعظاظ، بالكسر: شدة المكاوحة، وهو شبيه بالمظاظ: يقال: عاظه وماظه عظاظا ومظاظا: إذا لاحاه ولاجه، وهو المشقة والشدة في الحرب، كالعظة والمعاظة.

And 'al-'aẓāẓ', with kasra: the intensity of contention, and it is similar to 'al-maẓāẓ': it is said: 'āẓahu wa māẓahu 'aẓāẓan wa maẓāẓan': if he argued with him and provoked him, which is hardship and severity in war, like 'al-'aẓẓah' and 'al-mu'āẓah'.

ومن الأمثال السائرة قولهم: لا تعظيني - وتعظعظي، أي لا توصيني وأوصي نفسك.

And among the circulating proverbs is their saying: 'Lā ta'uẓẓi'īnī - wa ta'aẓ'aẓī', meaning 'Do not advise me, and advise yourself.'

وأنا أظنه: وتعظعظى، بضم التاء، أي لا يكن منك أمر بالصلاح وأن تفسدي أنت في نفسك، كما قال المتوكل الليثي.

And I think it is: 'wa ta'aẓ'aẓā', with damma on the 't', meaning 'Let there not be an order from you for righteousness while you yourself corrupt yourself', as Al-Mutawakkil Al-Laythi said.

قال: فيكون من عظعظ السهم: إذا التوى واعوج. يقول: كيف تأمرينني بالاستقامة وأنت تتعوجين.

He said: So it would be from 'uẓ'uẓaẓa' the arrow: when it swerved and became crooked. He says: How do you order me to be upright when you yourself are crooked?

قول الجوهري على ما فسره خطأ، لأن تعظعظي المضموم التاء على ما ظنه وفسره خبر يلزمه النون، كما قال: أنت تتعوجين، فجاء بالنون لما كان خبرا، وإنما النون محذوفة من تعظعظ المفتوحة التاء، لأنه أمر، ومعناه: كفي وارتدعي عن وعظك إياي.

Al-Jawhari's statement, as he interpreted it, is an error, because 'ta'aẓ'aẓī' with damma on the 't' is, as he thought and interpreted, a predicate that requires the 'nūn', as in: 'anta tata'awwajīn', so the 'nūn' came because it was a predicate, and the 'nūn' is only omitted from 'ta'aẓ'aẓ' with fatha on the 't', because it is an imperative, and its meaning is: desist and refrain from your advising me.

والذي رواه أبو عبيد هو الصحيح، لأنه قد روى المثل: تعظعظي ثم عظي، وهذا يدل على صحة قوله.

And what Abu Ubayd narrated is correct, because he narrated the proverb: 'Ta'aẓ'aẓī thumma 'uẓī', and this indicates the correctness of his statement.

ومنهم من جعل تعظعظي بمعنى اتعظي أنت، أي فهو أمر من الوعظ، وهذا القول شاذ، لأن العرب إنما تفعل هذا في المضاعف فتبدل من أحد الحرفين كراهية لاجتماعهما، فيقولون: تحلحل وأصله تحلل، ولو كان تعظعظي من الوعظ لقيل منه: توعظي، فتأمل.

And some of them made 'ta'aẓ'aẓī' mean 'take heed yourself', meaning it is an imperative from 'al-wa'ẓ', and this saying is anomalous, because Arabs only do this with doubled roots, replacing one of the letters out of dislike for their combination, so they say: 'taḥalḥala' and its origin is 'taḥallala', and if 'ta'aẓ'aẓī' were from 'al-wa'ẓ', it would be said from it: 'tuwa'aẓẓī', so ponder.

أعظه الله تعالى: جعله ذا عظاظ.

Allah Almighty made him 'mu'aẓẓan': He made him possess intensity.

والعظعاظ، بالفتح: مصدر عظعظ السهم، عن كراع، وهي نادرة.

And 'al-'uẓ'uẓāẓ', with fatha: the مصدر (verbal noun) of 'uẓ'uẓaẓa' the arrow, according to Kra'ah, and it is rare.

والعظعظة: النكوص عن الصيد.

And 'al-'uẓ'uẓaẓah': retreating from hunting.

وما يعظعظه شيء، أي ما يستفزه ولا يزيله.

And nothing 'yu'uẓ'uẓuhu', meaning it does not provoke him nor remove him.

وأعظ الرجل، إذا اغتاب غيبة قبيحة.

And the man 'a'aẓẓa', if he slandered with an ugly slander.