ق ر ض

Root entry · 19 derived lemmas

The root ق ر ض (q-r-ḍ) fundamentally signifies 'to cut'. This core meaning extends to various applications, including cutting through fabric, making loans, traversing land, composing poetry, and reciprocating actions. It also encompasses concepts of death and judgment.

Derived headwords

قَرَضَverb

1.
to cutboth
The primary meaning of the root, referring to the act of cutting something.
2.
to lendboth
To give money or goods with the expectation of repayment.
3.
to traverseboth
To travel through or across a region.
4.
to compose poetryboth
To create or write poetry.
5.
to reciprocateboth
To repay or return an action, whether good or bad.
6.
to dieclassical
To pass away or cease to live.

قرضه يقرضه قرضا: قطعه — He cut it, he cuts it, a cutting.

قرض الشعر قرضا: قاله — He composed poetry, a composition.

إن قارضت الناس قارضوك — If you reciprocate with people, they will reciprocate with you.

قرض الرجل: مات — The man died.

قَرْضnoun

1.
loanboth
Money or goods lent to someone.
2.
cuttingboth
The act or result of cutting.
3.
reciprocationboth
The act of returning a favor or an injury.
4.
poetryclassical
Composed verses or poems.

هو ما سلفت من إساءة أو إحسان — It is what you have advanced of bad or good.

القرض: ما تعطيه من المال لتقضاه — The loan: what you give of money to be repaid.

الشعر قريض، فعيل بمعنى مفعول — Poetry is qariḍ, a passive participle form.

قَارَضَverb

1.
to reciprocateboth
To act in return for what someone else has done.
2.
to lend to each otherboth
To engage in mutual lending.

قارضه مقارضة — He reciprocated with him, a reciprocation.

مُقَارَضَةnoun

1.
reciprocationboth
The act of mutual exchange or return.
2.
partnershipclassical
A business arrangement where profits and losses are shared.

المقارضة: المضاربة — Partnership: profit-sharing.

قَرَاضnoun

1.
partnershipclassical
A business arrangement, specifically profit-sharing.
2.
cuttingclassical
The act of cutting.

القراض: المضاربة — Partnership: profit-sharing.

القراض: القطع — Cutting.

قِرَاضَةnoun

1.
scrapboth
A small piece cut off from something.
2.
filingsboth
Small particles shaved off from metal.

القراضة: ما سقط بالقرض — The scrap: what falls off by cutting.

مِقْرَاضnoun

1.
shearsboth
A cutting tool, like scissors or clippers.

شفرتا مقراض — The two blades of shears.

قَرَضَverb

1.
to cutboth
To sever or divide by cutting.
2.
to dieclassical
To pass away.

قرضت الشيء أقرضه بالكسر قرضا: قطعته — I cut the thing, I cut it with kasra, a cutting: I cut it.

قَرَضَverb

1.
to deviateboth
To turn aside from a course or direction.

قرض المكان يقرضه قرضا: عدل عنه وتنكبه — He deviated from the place, he deviates from it, a deviation: he turned aside from it and avoided it.

قَرَضَverb

1.
to moveclassical
To shift from one state or place to another.

قرض الرجل، كسمع: زال من شيء إلى شيء — The man moved, as in samiaʿ: he ceased from one thing to another.

جَرِيضnoun

1.
chokingclassical
The sensation of something stuck in the throat.

حال الجريض دون القريض — Choking prevented the poetry.

قَرِيضnoun

1.
poetryclassical
Composed verses.
2.
cudclassical
The food regurgitated by a ruminant.

القريض: ما يرده البعير من جرته — The qariḍ: what the camel returns from its cud.

القريض: الشعر — The qariḍ: poetry.

انْقَرَضَverb

1.
to become extinctboth
To cease to exist; to die out completely.
2.
to pass awayboth
To die, especially in large numbers.

انقرضوا: درجوا كلهم — They became extinct: all of them passed away.

اقْتَرَضَverb

1.
to borrowboth
To take and use something with the intention of returning it.
2.
to slanderclassical
To speak damagingly of someone's reputation.

اقترض منه، أي أخذ القرض — He borrowed from him, i.e., took the loan.

اقترض عرضه: اغتابه — He slandered his honor: he backbit him.

تَقْرِيضnoun

1.
praiseboth
The act of commending or lauding someone.
2.
criticismboth
The act of finding fault or judging.

التقريض: المدح أو الذم — Taqrīḍ: praise or dispraise.

مُقَارِضnoun

1.
small amount of cropsclassical
A limited quantity of cultivated plants.
2.
water sourceclassical
A place from which water is drawn.
3.
large jarsclassical
Big earthenware vessels.

المقارض: الزرع القليل — Al-muqāriḍ: a small amount of crops.

أَقْرَضَverb

1.
to lendboth
To give something, especially money, as a loan.
2.
to cut a piececlassical
To sever a portion from something.

أقرضه المال وغيره: أعطاه إياه قرضا — He lent him money and other things: he gave it to him as a loan.

أقرضه: قطع له قطعة يجازي عليها — He cut him a piece to be rewarded for.

يَتَقَارَضَانverb

1.
to exchange praiseclassical
To mutually praise each other.
2.
to exchange glancesclassical
To look at each other, often with animosity.

يتقارضان المدح — They exchange praise.

القرنان يتقارضان النظر — The two horns exchange glances.

قَرَضَةnoun

1.
a biteclassical
The act of biting or a mark left by biting.

قرضة الفأر — A mouse's bite.

Parallel reading

قطعه، هذا هو الأصل فيه، ثم استعمل في قطع الفأر والسلف والسير، والشعر، والمجازاة

It means to cut it, and this is the origin of the word, then it was used for a mouse's cutting, loans, traversing, poetry, and reciprocation.

ويقال: قرضه قرضا جازاه كقارضه مقارضة

And it is said: he qaraḍa-hu qarḍan means he reciprocated him, like his qāraḍa-hu muqāraḍatan.

إن قارضت الناس قارضوك، وإن تركتهم لم يتركوك، وإن هربت منهم أدركوك

If you reciprocate with people, they will reciprocate with you; if you leave them, they will not leave you; and if you flee from them, they will catch you.

ذهب به إلى القول فيهم والطعن عليهم، وهذا من القطع

He took it to mean speaking ill of them and attacking them, and this is from cutting.

وقرض الشعر قرضا: قاله خاصة

And composing poetry (qarḍa al-shiʿr) means to say it, specifically.

فإن القرض أصله في القطع، ثم تفرع عليه المعاني كلها بحسب المراتب

For the root meaning of qard is cutting, and all the other meanings branched off from it according to levels.

والتركيب يدل على القطع

And the root itself indicates cutting.

فإذا شبه الشعر بالثوب، وجعل الشاعر كأنه يقرضه، أي يقطعه ويفصله ويجزئه، فأي بعد فيه فتأمل

So if poetry is likened to a garment, and the poet is considered as if he is cutting it, meaning he cuts it, separates it, and divides it, then what is the far-fetchedness in that? Reflect.

والذي ذكره أئمة الأدب، كحازم وغيره أن قرض الشعر هو نقده ومعرفة جيده من رديئه قولا ونظرا

And what the literary masters, like Ḥāzim and others, mentioned is that qard al-shiʿr means critiquing it and knowing its good from its bad, verbally and by observation.

ومن المجاز: جاءنا وقد قرض رباطه

And from the figurative speech: He came to us, and his bond was cut.

والرباط: رباط القلب، ومن قطع رباط قلبه فقد هلك

And the bond: the bond of the heart; whoever cuts the bond of his heart has perished.

وقرض في سيره يقرض قرضا: عدل يمنة ويسرة

And he qaraḍa in his journey, he qariḍu, qarḍan: he deviated right and left.

يقول الرجل لصاحبه: هل مررت بمكان كذا وكذا، فيقول المسؤول: قرضته ذات اليمين ليلا

A man says to his companion: Did you pass by such-and-such a place? And the one asked replies: I passed it to the right at night.

يقال: قرض المكان يقرضه قرضا: عدل عنه وتنكبه

It is said: qaraḍa al-makān, he qariḍu-hu, qarḍan: he deviated from it and avoided it.

حال الجريض دون القريض

Choking prevented the poetry.

والقريض: ما يرده البعير من جرته، كما نقله الجوهري

And al-qariḍ: what the camel returns from its cud, as narrated by Al-Jawhari.

والقراضة: بالضم: ما سقط بالقرض، أي بقرض الفأر من خبز، أو ثوب، أو غيرهما

And al-qirāḍah (with dammah): what falls off by cutting, i.e., by a mouse's cutting of bread, or cloth, or other things.

والمقراض: واحد المقاريض

And al-miqrāḍ: the singular of miqāriḍ (shears).

والقرض، بالفتح كما هو المشهور، ويكسر، وهذه حكاها الكسائي

And al-qarḍ, with fatha as is famous, and with kasra, which Al-Kisa'i narrated.

هو ما يتجازى به الناس بينهم ويتقاضونه، وجمعه قروض

It is what people reciprocate with among themselves and demand from each other, and its plural is qurūḍ.

هو ما سلفت من إساءة أو إحسان، وهو مجاز على التشبيه

It is what you have advanced of bad or good, and it is figurative by way of analogy.

كل امرئ سوف يجزى قرضه حسنا أو سيئا أو مدينا مثل ما دانا

Every person will be repaid for his deeds, good or bad, or be indebted like what he has lent.

إذا أسدي إليك معروف فكافئ عليه

If a favor is done for you, then repay it.

هو ما يعطيه الرجل أو يفعله ليجازى عليه

It is what a man gives or does to be rewarded for.

يقرض أي يفعل فعلا حسنا في اتباع أمر الله وطاعته

He qariḍu means he does a good deed in following God's command and obeying Him.

إذا اقترض عرضك رجل فلا تجازه ولكن استبق أجره موفورا لك قرضا في ذمته منه يوم حاجتك إليه

If a man slanders your honor, do not retaliate, but rather keep its reward abundant for you as a loan in his debt for the day you need it.

أي تخلفهم شمالا، وتجاوزهم وتقطعهم وتتركهم على شمالها

Meaning, leaving them to the north, passing them by, cutting them off, and leaving them to their left.

اقترض عرضه: اغتابه لأن المغتاب كأنه يقطع من عرض أخيه

He slandered his honor: he backbit him, because the backbiter is as if he is cutting from his brother's honor.

المقارضة: المضاربة

Al-muqāraḍah: partnership (profit-sharing).

أن يدفع إليه مالا ليتجر فيه، والربح بينهما على ما يشترطان، والوضيعة على المال

That he gives him money to trade with, and the profit is between them as they stipulate, and the loss is on the capital.

هما يتقارضان الخير والشر

They exchange good and evil with each other.

هما يتقارضان الثناء بينهم، أي يتجازيان

They exchange praise among themselves, meaning they reciprocate.

يتقارضان النظر، أي ينظر كل منهما إلى صاحبه شزرا

They exchange glances, meaning each of them looks at his companion askance.

ويتقارضون، وهو من القريض للشعر أي يقولون القريض وينشدونه

And they exchanged verses, and it is from qariḍ for poetry, meaning they recite poetry and chant it.

فمعناه أنهم كانوا متآلفين يتزاورون ويتعاطون الجميل

So its meaning is that they were affectionate, visiting each other and exchanging favors.