ك ءس

Root entry · 17 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of a cup and its contents, specifically wine. It extends to encompass the idea of a drink, the act of drinking, and metaphorically, the experience of hardship, death, or intense emotions. The root also touches upon the idea of abundance and endurance.

Derived headwords

الكأسnoun

1.
Cupboth
A vessel from which one drinks, or the vessel while it contains a drink.
2.
Wineclassical
The drink itself, particularly wine.

بكأس من معين — with a cup of pure water

قدحnoun

1.
Cup (empty)classical
A cup when it does not contain any drink.

كأساتnoun

1.
Cupsclassical
Plural of 'kās', used without hamza.

أكؤسnoun

1.
Cupsboth
Plural of 'kās'.

كؤوسnoun

1.
Cupsboth
Plural of 'kās'.

كئاسnoun

1.
Cupsclassical
Plural of 'kās', with hamza.

خضل الكئاس إذا تثنى لم تكن — The cups, when they bend, were not...

كياسnoun

1.
Cupsclassical
A plural form of 'kās', possibly derived by analogy or metathesis.

كاسnoun

1.
Cupclassical
A cup, possibly a variant or simplified form.

كواسnoun

1.
Cupsclassical
The original plural form from which 'kiyās' might be derived.

كأسname

1.
Ka'sclassical
A female name, specifically Ka's bint al-Kulhabah.

وقلت لكأس ألجميها فإنما — And I said to Ka's, 'Hold her reins, for indeed...'

سقاه الكأس الأمرphrase

1.
He was given the cup of the matterclassical
Metaphorically means to be subjected to a severe ordeal or death.

سقاه الكأس الأمر — He was given the cup of the matter (i.e., faced death or a great ordeal).

كأس من الذلphrase

1.
Cup of humiliationclassical
A metaphorical expression for experiencing humiliation.

كأسا من الذل — a cup of humiliation

كأس من الحبphrase

1.
Cup of loveclassical
A metaphorical expression for experiencing intense love.

كأسا من الحب — a cup of love

كأس من الفرقةphrase

1.
Cup of separationclassical
A metaphorical expression for experiencing separation.

كأسا من الفرقة — a cup of separation

كأس من الموتphrase

1.
Cup of deathclassical
A metaphorical expression for facing death.

بكأس حلاق — with the cup of death

كاصverb

1.
To consume excessivelyclassical
To eat or drink a great deal of something.

كاص فلان من الطعام والشراب — So-and-so consumed a lot of food and drink.

كؤصاadjective

1.
Patient, enduringclassical
Describing someone who is patient and perseveres in their eating or drinking.

وجدت فلانا كؤصا — I found so-and-so to be patient and enduring.

Parallel reading

الإناء يشرب فيه، أو ما دام الشراب فيه، فإذا لم يكن فيه فهو قدح

The vessel from which one drinks, or the vessel as long as it contains a drink; if it contains nothing, it is a 'qadah'.

لا تسمى الكأس كأسا إلا وفيها الشراب

The cup is not called a 'kās' unless it contains a drink.

هو اسم لهما على الإنفراد والإجماع

It is a name for both individually and collectively.

وهي مؤنثة

And it is feminine.

بكأس من معين بيضاء مهموزة

with a cup of pure, white, hamzated water

هي الكأس والرأس والفأس، مهموزات

They are 'al-ka's', 'al-ra's', and 'al-fa's', all hamzated.

وقد يترك الهمز تخفيفا

And the hamza may be omitted for brevity.

الكأس: الشراب بعينه

The 'kās' is the drink itself.

ولذلك كان الأصمعي ينكر رواية من روى بيت أمية بن أبي الصلت

And for that reason, Al-Asma'i used to reject the narration of whoever recited the verse of Umayya ibn Abi al-Salt.

من لم يمت عبطة يمت هرما ... للموت كأس والمرء ذائقها

He who does not die young dies of old age... Death has a cup, and every person will taste it.

وكان يرويه الموت كأس ويقطع ألف الوصل، لأنها في أول النصف الثاني من البيت، وذلك جائز

And he used to recite it as 'al-mawt ka's' and omit the connecting alif, because it is at the beginning of the second half of the verse, which is permissible.

هذا الذي أنكره الأصمعي غير منكر

This which Al-Asma'i rejected is not objectionable.

وإستشهد على إضافة الكأس إلى الموت ببيت مهلهل

And he cited a verse by Muhalhil as evidence for attributing the cup to death.

ما أرجى بالعيش بعد ندامي ... قد أراهم سقوا! بكأس حلاق

What hope is there for life after my companions... I see them having been given a drink! With the cup of death.

حلاق: اسم للمنية

'Hallāq' is a name for death.

وقد أضاف الكأس إليها

And he attributed the cup to it.

فلم تدع واحدا منهن ذا رمق ... حتى سقته بكأس الموت فانجدلا

She left none of them with a breath... until it gave them the cup of death, and they fell.

الكأس: الخمر نفسها، اسم لها

The 'kās' is the wine itself, a name for it.

وكأس كعين الديك باكرت نحوها ... بفتيان صدق والنواقيس تضرب

And a cup like the eye of a rooster, I approached it... with truthful youths while the bells were ringing.

وكأس عزيز من الأعناب عتقها ... لبعض أربابها حانية حوم

And a precious cup of grapes, aged by some of its masters, tender and dark.

يعني أنها خمر تعز فينفس بها إلا على الملوك والأرباب

Meaning it is wine that is precious and drunk only by kings and masters.

المتعارف: كأس عزيز، بالإضافة

The common usage is 'kās 'azīz', by annexation.

خضل الكئاس إذا تثنى لم تكن ... خلفا مواعده كبرق الخلب

The cups, when they bend, were not... a substitute for its promises like the lightning of the mirage.

حكى أبو حنيفة رحمه الله: كياس، بغير همز

Abu Hanifa, may God have mercy on him, narrated: 'kiyās', without hamza.

فإن صح ذلك فهو على البدل، قلب الهمزة في كأس ألفا في نية الواو، فقال: كاس، كنار، ثم جمع كاسا على كياس، والأصل: كواس، فقلبت الواو ياء للكسرة التي قبلها

If that is correct, it is by substitution, changing the hamza in 'kās' to an alif with the intention of a waw, saying 'kās', like 'nār', then pluralizing 'kās' to 'kiyās', and the original is 'kawās', so the waw was changed to a ya due to the kasra before it.

وقلت لكأس ألجميها فإنما ... نزلنا الكثيب من زرود لنفزعا

And I said to Ka's, 'Hold her reins, for indeed... we descended the dune of Zarud to be frightened.'

سقاه الكأس الأمر: هو الموت

He was given the cup of the matter: it is death.

ويستعار الكأس في جميع ضروب المكاره

And the cup is used metaphorically for all kinds of hardships.

كقولهم: سقاه كأسا من الذل

Like their saying: 'He gave him a cup of humiliation'.

وكأسا من الحب، والفرقة، والموت

And a cup of love, separation, and death.

كاص فلان من الطعام والشراب، إذا أكثر منه

So-and-so consumed a lot of food and drink, if he consumed much of it.

وتقول: وجدت فلانا كؤصا، بضمتين، أي صبورا باقيا على شربه وأكله

And you say: 'I found so-and-so to be 'ku'ṣan', with two dammah, meaning patient and remaining steadfast in his drinking and eating.

وأحسب الكأس مأخوذا منه، لأن الصاد والسين يتعاقبان في حروف كثيرة لقرب مخرجيهما

And I think 'al-kās' is derived from it, because the sad and sin often alternate in many letters due to the proximity of their articulation points.