ف ل س

Root entry · 15 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of financial ruin, bankruptcy, and the associated legal and social implications. It also extends to meanings related to coins, taxation, and even a specific idol from pre-Islamic times.

Derived headwords

الفِلْسnoun

1.
coinboth
A known coin, plural for a small number is 'aflus' and for a large number is 'fulus'. Its seller is called 'fallas'.
2.
tax stampclassical
The stamp of taxation placed on the neck.
3.
bundleclassical
A bundle, though this is considered an error.

أَفْلَسَverb

1.
to go bankruptboth
To become bankrupt, meaning to have no money left, as if one's dirhams have turned into worthless or counterfeit fulus.
2.
to become destituteclassical
To reach a state where it can be said one has nothing left, similar to being humiliated or made weak.

فَلَسَverb

1.
to fail to obtainclassical
Lack of attainment or success.

مُفْلِسadjective

1.
bankruptboth
One who is bankrupt, having no money.
2.
destituteboth
Lacking money or resources.

تَفْلِيسnoun

1.
bankruptcy declarationboth
The act of a judge or ruler declaring someone bankrupt.
2.
city nameclassical
A city in Georgia, mentioned as the capital of a region, conquered during the caliphate of Uthman.

فَلَّسَهُverb

1.
to declare bankruptboth
A judge or ruler declared him bankrupt, or announced his bankruptcy.

مَفاليسnoun

1.
city nameclassical
A city in Yemen, located on the road to Aden.

مُفَلَّسadjective

1.
having a shiny colorclassical
A color that has a sheen or luster, like that of coins.

الفِلْسname

1.
idol nameclassical
An idol that belonged to the tribe of Tayy in the pre-Islamic era.

فُلُوسnoun

1.
coinsboth
Plural of 'fils', referring to coins.

فَلَّاسnoun

1.
seller of coinsclassical
A seller of coins.
2.
name of a scholarclassical
A title or name associated with Abu Hafs Amr bin Ali Al-Sairafi, a حافظ (hadith scholar).

مُفاليسnoun

1.
group of bankrupt peopleclassical
A collective noun for a group of bankrupt individuals.

مُفيلسadjective

1.
having very little moneyclassical
Someone who has almost no money, possessing only 'afilass'.

أَفيلسnoun

1.
very small amount of moneyclassical
A diminutive or extremely small amount of money.

مُفْلاسnoun

1.
very poor personclassical
A person who is extremely poor or destitute.

Parallel reading

والفلس: خاتم الجزية في الحلق، ونص التكملة: في العنق.

And 'al-fils' is the stamp of taxation on the throat; the text of Al-Takmilah says: on the neck.

وقال ابن دريد: الفلس، وبالكسر: صنم كان لطيء في الجاهلية، فبعث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله تعالى عنه، فهدمه وأخذ السيفين اللذين كان الحارث بن أبي شمر أهداهما إليه، وهما مخذم ورسوب.

Ibn Duraid said: 'Al-Fils', and with kasra: an idol that belonged to Tayy in the Jahiliyyah. The Prophet, peace be upon him, sent Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, who demolished it and took the two swords that Al-Harith bin Abi Shamir had gifted him, which were Makhdham and Rasub.

والفلس، بالتحريك: عدم النيل، وبه فسر أبو عمر وقول أبي قلابة الطابخي: (يا حب ما حب القتول وحبها ... فلس فلا ينصبك حب مفلس)

And 'al-fils', with harakat: lack of attainment. Abu Amr interpreted the saying of Abu Qilabah Al-Tabakhi with this: (How I love the slain and her love... lack of attainment, so let the love of a bankrupt not trouble you).

مأخوذ من أفلس، أي صار ذا فلوس بعد أن كان ذا دراهم، وفي الحديث: من أدرك ماله عند رجل قد أفلس فهو أحق به

Derived from 'aflasa', meaning to become possessed of fulus after having dirhams. And in the hadith: Whoever finds his wealth with a man who has gone bankrupt, he has more right to it.

أفلس الرجل، إذا لم يبق له مال، كأنما صارت دراهمه فلوسا وزيوفا، كما يقال: أخبث الرجل، إذا صار أصحابه خبثاء، وأقطف: صارت دابته قطوفا.

A man 'aflasa' if he has no money left, as if his dirhams have become fulus and counterfeit. As it is said: A man 'akhbath' if his companions become wicked, and 'aqtafa': his mount became swift.

أو يراد بالحديث: أنه صار إلى حال بحيث يقال فيها: ليس معه فلس، كما يقال: أقهر الرجل: صار إلى حال يقهر عليها، وأذل الرجل: صار إلى حال يذل فيها.

Or the hadith means: he reached a state where it is said about him: he has no 'fils' (money). Just as it is said: A man 'aqhara': he reached a state where he is overpowered, and a man 'adhalla': he reached a state where he is humiliated.

وفلسه القاضي، وفي التهذيب: الحاكم، تفليسا: حكم بإفلاسه، وفي التهذيب والأساس: نادى عليه أنه أفلس.

And the judge 'falsahu', and in Al-Tahdhib: the ruler, 'taflisan': ruled his bankruptcy, and in Al-Tahdhib and Al-Asas: he announced that he was bankrupt.

ومفاليس، هكذا بصيغة الجمع: د، باليمن، نقله الصاغاني، وقال في العباب: وقد وردته. قلت: هو في طريق عدن.

And 'Mafalis', thus in the plural form: a city in Yemen, narrated by Al-Sagani, who said in Al-Abab: I have visited it. I say: it is on the road to Aden.

وتفليس، بالفتح وقد تكسر، فيكون على وزن فعليل، وتجعل التاء أصلية، لأن الكلمة جرجية وإن وافقت أوزان العربية، ومن فتح التاء جعل الكلمة عربية، ويكون عنده على وزن تفعيل، نقله الصاغاني، وقد ذكره المصنف رحمه الله أولا، ونسب الكسر إلى العامة: د، وسبق له أنه قصبة كرجستان، بينه وسبق له أنه قصبة كرجستان، بينه وبين قاليقلا ثلاثون فرسخا، افتتح في خلافة أمير المؤمنين عثمان رضي الله تعالى عنه، وسبق للمصنف أن عليها سورين، وحماماتها تنبع ماء حارا بغير نار، منه عمر بن بندار التفليسي الفقيه، وأبو أحمد حامد بن يوسف بن الحسين التغلبي المحدث.

And 'Tiflis', with fatha, and it may be with kasra, so it would be on the pattern 'fa'alil', and the ta' is made original, because the word is Georgian although it conforms to Arabic patterns. Whoever makes the ta' with fatha considers the word Arabic, and for him it is on the pattern 'taf'il'. Narrated by Al-Sagani. The author, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned it first, and attributed the kasra to the common people: a city, and it was previously mentioned that it is the capital of Kurdistan, thirty farsakhs between it and Qaliqala, conquered during the caliphate of the Commander of the Faithful Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him. It was previously mentioned by the author that it has two walls, and its baths emit hot water without fire. Among them is Umar bin Bundar Al-Tiflisi the jurist, and Abu Ahmad Hamid bin Yusuf bin Al-Husayn Al-Taghlabi the traditionist.

ويقال: شيء مفلس اللون، كمعظم، إذا كان على جلده لمع كالفلوس.

And it is said: a thing of 'mufallas' color, like 'mu'azzam', if its skin has a sheen like coins.

أفلست الرجل، إذا طلبته فأخطأت موضعه، وهو الفلس، والإفلاس، قاله أبو عمر و.

'Aflastu al-rajul', if you sought him and missed his location, and this is 'al-fils' and 'al-iflas', said Abu Amr.

وقوم مفاليس: اسم جمع مفلس، كمفاطير جمع مفطر، أو جمع مفلاس، قاله الزمخشري.

And 'qawm mafalis': a collective noun for 'muflis', like 'mafafir' is the plural of 'mufattir', or a plural of 'miflas', said Al-Zamakhshari.

ولقد أبدع الحريري حيث قال: صليت المغرب في تفليس، مع زمرة مفاليس.

And Al-Hariri excelled when he said: I prayed Maghrib in Tiflis, with a group of bankrupt people.

وفلان فلس من كل خير.

And so-and-so is 'fils' (devoid) of all good.

وهو مفيلس، ماله إلا أفيلس.

And he is 'mufaylis', his wealth is only 'afilass'.