ش م س

Root entry · 24 derived lemmas

The root ش م س primarily relates to the sun and its light. It extends to concepts of heat, intensity, and brightness, and metaphorically to stubbornness, hostility, and pride. It also encompasses names of places, objects, and people, often derived from the sun or its attributes.

Derived headwords

الشَّمْسnoun

1.
the sunboth
The celestial body that provides light and heat to Earth, known and feminine.
2.
a type of combclassical
A specific kind of comb used by women in ancient times.
3.
a type of necklaceclassical
A type of necklace or the clasp of a necklace worn around the neck.
4.
an idolclassical
An ancient idol, named after the sun.
5.
a spring of waterclassical
A spring of water, specifically referred to as 'Ain Shams'.
6.
a tribal ancestorclassical
The name of an ancestor of an Arab tribe.

شُمُوسnoun

1.
plurals of sunclassical
Plural form of 'shams', used metaphorically for directions or aspects.
2.
stubbornnessboth
Stubbornness or recalcitrance, especially in a horse.
3.
wineclassical
A name for wine, metaphorically referring to its intoxicating effect.

الشَّمْسَةnoun

1.
a type of combclassical
A specific type of comb, synonymous with 'shams' in this context.

عَبْدُ شَمْسname

1.
name of a tribeclassical
A name of a tribe, possibly derived from worshipping the sun idol.

عَبْشَمِيّadjective

1.
نسب to Abd Shamsclassical
Relating to or belonging to the tribe of Abd Shams.

عَيْن شَمْسname

1.
city in Egyptboth
A city in Egypt, historically known for its balsam trees.

الشُّمُسْتَانnoun

1.
two water sourcesclassical
Two water sources located in a specific area in Najd.
2.
two gardensclassical
Two gardens situated opposite Al-Firdaws.

الشَّمَّاسnoun

1.
clericclassical
A high-ranking Christian cleric who shaves the middle of his head.
2.
a nameclassical
A name, possibly of non-Arabic origin for the Christian cleric.

شَمَّاسَةnoun

1.
a nameclassical
A proper name for a female.

شَمَسَverb

1.
to be sunnyboth
The day became sunny, having sunlight.
2.
to be hotclassical
The day was intensely hot.

يَشْمُسُverb

1.
to be sunnyboth
The day is sunny.
2.
to be hotclassical
The day is intensely hot.

أَشْمَسَverb

1.
to become sunnyboth
The day became sunny.

شُمُوسًاnoun

1.
stubbornnessboth
The act of being stubborn or recalcitrant, especially in a horse.
2.
running awayclassical
The act of a horse running away or becoming unmanageable.

شَامِسadjective

1.
sunnyboth
A day that is sunny and bright.
2.
hotclassical
Intensely hot, referring to a day.
3.
stubbornboth
Stubborn or unmanageable, used to describe a horse.

شَمُوسadjective

1.
stubbornboth
Stubborn, recalcitrant, or unmanageable, used for horses and sometimes camels.
2.
unapproachable womanclassical
A woman who is reserved and does not encourage advances.

تَشْمِيسnoun

1.
sunbathingmodern
The act of spreading something in the sun to dry.
2.
sun worshipclassical
The act of worshipping the sun.

مُتَشَمِّسadjective

1.
sun-exposedboth
Someone who sits in the sun or is exposed to it.
2.
strongclassical
Strong and robust in build or character.
3.
stingyclassical
Stingy or ungenerous, someone from whom no good can be obtained.

شَمَّسَverb

1.
to expose to sunmodern
To expose something to the sun, typically for drying.
2.
to worship the sunclassical
To worship the sun.

شَمَّسَverb

1.
to be stubbornboth
A horse becomes stubborn and unmanageable.

شَامَسَverb

1.
to be hostileboth
To show hostility or animosity towards someone.
2.
to opposeclassical
To oppose or contend with someone.

مُشَامَسَةnoun

1.
hostilityclassical
The act of showing hostility or opposition.

شُمَيْسَةnoun

1.
diminutive of sunclassical
A small sun; a diminutive form of 'shams'.

شَمِيسnoun

1.
a place nameclassical
A place name in Yemen.

شَمْسِيّadjective

1.
solarmodern
Relating to the sun.

Parallel reading

الشمس عين الضح، أراد أن الشمس هو العين التي في السماء تجري في الفلك، وأن الضح ضوؤه الذي يشرق على وجه الأرض

The sun is the eye of the daylight; he meant that the sun is the eye in the sky that moves in the orbit, and the daylight is its light that shines on the face of the earth.

ج شموس، كأنهم جعلوا كل ناحية منها شمسا، كما قالوا للمفرق: مفارق

Its plural is 'shumūs', as if they made each direction of it a 'shams', just as they said for the parting of hair: 'mafāriq'.

حمى الحديد عليهم فكأنه ... ومضان برق أو شعاع شموس

The iron protected them, as if it were... the gleam of lightning or the rays of suns.

والشمس: ضرب من المشط، كانت النساء في الدهر الأول يتمشطن به وهي الشمسة

And 'al-shams': a type of comb, which women in ancient times used to comb their hair with, and it is 'al-shamsah'.

فامتشطت النوفليا ... ت وعليت بشمس

And Al-Nawfaliyah combed her hair... and adorned herself with a 'shams'.

والشمس: ضرب من القلائد، وقيل: هو معلاق القلادة في العنق، والجمع شموس

And 'al-shams': a type of necklace, and it was said: it is the clasp of the necklace on the neck, and the plural is 'shumūs'.

وقال اللحياني: هو ضرب من الحلي، مذكر، وقال غيره، هو قلادة الكلب

And Al-Lahyani said: it is a type of jewelry, masculine, and others said, it is a dog's collar.

والشمس: صنم قديم، ذكره ابن الكلبي

And 'al-shams': an ancient idol, mentioned by Ibn Al-Kalbi.

والشمس: عين ماء، يقال له: عين شمس

And 'al-shams': a spring of water, called 'Ain Shams'.

وقد سمت عبد شمس وهو بطن من قريش، قيل: سموا بذلك الصنم، وأول من تسمى به سبأ بن يشجب

And they named themselves 'Abd Shams', which is a clan of Quraysh; it is said they were named after that idol, and the first to be named so was Saba' bin Yashjub.

أنت ابن معتلج الأباطح فافتخر ... من عبد شمس بذروة وصميم

You are the son of the one who traverses the plains, so boast... from 'Abd Shams with nobility and essence.

فإذا لا يحتاجإلى تأويل، وهو قول شيخنا: لعل المراد على جواز منعه

Then it does not need interpretation, and this is the saying of our Sheikh: perhaps the intention is the permissibility of its non-conjugation.

فالنسبة عبشمي، بالأخذ من الأول حرفين ومن الثاني حرفين، ورد الأسم إلى الرباعي

The attribution is 'Abshammi', taking two letters from the first and two from the second, and the name is returned to the quadriliteral.

وتضحك مني شيخة عبشمية ... كأن لم ترى قبلي أسيرا يمانيا

And a female 'Abshammi' laughs at me, as if she had never seen a captive from Yemen before me.

والشمستان: مويهتان في جوف غريض، كأمير، هكذا بالغين المعجمة في الن سخ، والصواب بالإهمال

And 'al-shammastān': two water sources in the heart of Gharid, as in 'amīr', thus with the dotted ghayn in the manuscripts, and the correct reading is without the dot.

والشماس، كشداد، من رؤوس النصارى: الذي يحلق وسط رأسه، لازما للبيعة، وهذا عمل عدولهم وثقاتهم، قاله الليث

And 'al-shammas', like 'shaddād', from the heads of Christians: he who shaves the middle of his head, adhering to the church, and this is the practice of their upright and trusted ones, said Al-Layth.

فأما شماس النصارى فليس بعربي محض

As for the Christian 'shammas', it is not purely Arabic.

وشمس يومنا يشمس ويشمس من حد نصر وضرب، شموسا، بالضم فيهما، وشمس، كسمع، يشمس، بالفتح على القياس، عن ابن دريد

And our day 'shamas' and 'yashmus' from the measure of nasara and daraba, 'shumūsan', with damma in both, and 'shamas', like sam'a, 'yashmus', with fatha according to analogy, from Ibn Duraid.

ويقال: يوم، شامس، وقد شمس شموسا، أي ذو ضح نهاره كله، وقيل: يوم شامس: واضح

And it is said: a 'shāmis' day, and it has 'shamas' 'shumūsan', meaning its entire day is bright, and it was said: a 'shāmis' day is clear.

وشمس الفرس يشمس شموسا، بالضم، وشماسا، بالكسر: شرد وجمح، ومنع ظهره عن الركوب لشدة شغبه وحدته، فهو لا يستقر، فهو شامس وشموس، كصبور، من خيل شمس، بالضم، وشمس، بضمتين

And a horse 'shamas' 'yashmus' 'shumūsan', with damma, and 'shamāsan', with kasra: it ran away and became unruly, preventing its back from being ridden due to its intense agitation and fierceness, so it does not settle, thus it is 'shāmis' and 'shumūs', like 'sabūr', from 'shumus' horses, with damma, and 'shumus', with two dammas.

ومن المجاز: شمس له، إذا أبدى عداوة وكاد يوقع، كذا في الأساس، وفي المحكم: شمس لي فلان، إذا بدت عداوته فلم يقدر على كتمها

And from metaphor: 'shamas' to him, if he showed hostility and almost caused harm, as in Al-Asas, and in Al-Muhkam: 'shamas' to me so-and-so, if his hostility appeared and he could not conceal it.

والتشميس: بسط الشيء في الشمس لييبس، وهو أيضا: عبادة الشمس، يقال: هو مشمس، إذا كان يعبدها، نقله الصاغاني

And 'al-tashmīs': spreading something in the sun to dry, and it is also: sun worship, it is said: he is 'mushammis', if he worships it, as narrated by Al-Saghani.

والمتشمس من الرجال: الذي يمنع ما وراء ظهره، وهو القوي الشديد القومية، هذا هو نص النضر، وقال الصاغاني: الشديد القوة

And 'al-mutashammis' among men: he who defends what is behind his back, and he is strong and of robust lineage, this is the text of Al-Nadr, and Al-Saghani said: strong in power.

والشموس من النساء التي لا تطالع الرجال ولا تطمعهم

And 'al-shumūs' among women is she who does not approach men nor tempt them.

وقد شمست، وقول أبي صخر الهذلي: قصار الخطا شم شموس عن الخنا ... خدال الشوى فتخ الأكف خراعب

And she became 'shamist', and the saying of Abu Sakhr Al-Hudhali: Short of stride, 'shamm' 'shumūs' from indecency... moving the skewers, making the hands like dolls.

ورجل شموس: صعب الخلق، ولا تقل: شموص

And a 'shamūs' man: difficult in disposition, and do not say: 'shamūṣ'.

ورجل شموس: عسر في عداوته شديد الخلاف على من عانده

And a 'shamūs' man: difficult in his enmity, strongly opposing whoever opposes him.

وشامسه مشامسة وشماسا: عانده وعاداه، أنشد ثعلب: قوم إذا شومسوا لج الشماس بهم ... ذات العناد وإن ياسرتهم يسروا

And 'shāmasahu' 'mushāmasatan' and 'shamāsan': he opposed and showed enmity towards him, Thaalab recited: A people, if they are opposed, stubbornness takes hold of them... with defiance, and if you are lenient with them, they become lenient.

وبنو الشموس: بطن

And Banu Al-Shumūs: a clan.

والشمس والشموس: بلد باليمن، قال الراعي: وأنا الذي سمعت مصانع مأرب ... وقرى الشموس وأهلهن هديري

And Al-Shams and Al-Shumūs: a city in Yemen, Al-Rā'ī said: And I am the one who heard the fortresses of Ma'rib... and the villages of Al-Shumūs and their people's calls.

ويروى: الشميس

And it is narrated: Al-Shumays.

والشموس: من أجود قصور اليمامة

And Al-Shumūs: among the finest palaces of Al-Yamamah.

وقالوا في عبشمس: عبشمس، وهو من نادر المدغم، حكاه الفارسي

And they said for 'Abd Shams': 'Abshams', and it is from rare assimilation, narrated by Al-Farsi.

وبنو شمس بن عمرو بن غنم بن غالب، من الأزد، بالضم، منهم محمد بن واسع الأزدي الشمسي، من التابعين

And Banu Shams bin Amr bin Ghanam bin Ghalib, from Al-Azd, with damma, among them is Muhammad bin Wasi' Al-Azdi Al-Shamsi, from the Successors.

وأبو الشموس البلوي: صحابي، وروي حديث سليم بن مطير، عن أبيه، عنه، ذكره المزي في الكنى

And Abu Al-Shumūs Al-Balawi: a companion, and the hadith of Salim bin Mutayr was narrated from his father, from him, mentioned by Al-Mizzi in the Kunyas.

وأبو شماس بن عمرو: صحابي، ذكره في العباب

And Abu Shammas bin Amr: a companion, mentioned in Al-'Abāb.

ومنية الشماس: قرية بجيزة مصر، وهي المعروفة بدير الشمع

And Minyat Al-Shammas: a village in Giza, Egypt, which is known as Dayr Al-Sham'.