منذ

Root entry · 6 derived lemmas

This entry discusses the Arabic particles 'مذ' (muth) and 'منذ' (mundhu), primarily functioning as prepositions or adverbs indicating the beginning of a past period of time. It delves into their grammatical behavior, including case government of subsequent nouns, their etymology, and variations in pronunciation and usage among different Arab tribes and grammarians.

Derived headwords

مذparticle

1.
since, fromboth
A particle used to indicate the starting point of a past period of time, often functioning as a preposition or adverb.

منذparticle

1.
since, fromboth
A particle similar to 'مذ', indicating the beginning of a past period. It is often considered to have an original 'نون' (nun) and is frequently used with a following noun in the genitive case.

يومانnoun

1.
two daysboth
The dual form of 'يوم' (yawm), meaning day. In the context of 'مذ' and 'منذ', it can refer to a duration of two days.

حينئذadverb

1.
then, at that timeboth
An adverb indicating a specific point in time, often referring to the time previously mentioned or implied. It can function as a subject with a predicate following.

مفذother

1.
a specific termclassical
A term mentioned in relation to 'مذ' and 'يومان', possibly referring to a specific grammatical construction or a less common usage.

منيذother

1.
diminutive formclassical
A diminutive form of 'مذ', possibly used in specific contexts or as a theoretical construct by grammarians.

Parallel reading

فبعضهم يخفض بمذ ما مضى وما لم يمض، وبعضهم يرفع بمنذ ما مضى وما لم يمض.

Some lower [the case] with 'muth' for what has passed and what has not passed, and some raise [the case] with 'mundhu' for what has passed and what has not passed.

والكلام أن يخفض بمذ ما لم يمض.

And the statement is that [one] lowers [the case] with 'muth' for what has not passed.

ويرفع ما مضى، ويخفض بمنذ ما لم يمض وما مضى، وهو المجمع عليه.

And [one] raises what has passed, and lowers with 'mundhu' what has not passed and what has passed, and this is what is agreed upon.

كمفذ يومان، وحينئذ مبتدآن، ما بعدهما خبر، ومعناهما الأمد في الحاضر، والمعدود، وأول المدة في الماضي

Like 'mafath' two days, and 'hin'idhin' are subjects, what comes after them is the predicate, and their meaning is the duration in the present, the counted, and the beginning of the period in the past.

ما رأيته مذ يوم الجمعة

I did not see him since Friday.

ما رأته مذ سنة

She did not see him for a year.

أأمد ذالك سنة

Or the duration of that is a year.

لقيته منذ يومان

I met him two days ago.

ما زال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره

He has not ceased since his hands tied his loincloth.

وما زلت أبغي المال مذأنا يافع

And I have not ceased seeking wealth since I was a young man.

هما ظرفان مضافان إلى الجملة أو إلى زمان مضاف إليها

They are two adverbs added to the sentence or to a time added to it.

أصلهما من الجارة وذو بمعنى الذي

Their origin is from 'min' (preposition) and 'dhu' meaning 'who/which'.

فالتقى ساكنان فضم الذال

So two quiescent letters met, and the 'dhal' was vocalized with a damma.

ما رأيته مذ عام الأول

I did not see him since last year.