جلد

Root entry · 26 derived lemmas

The root 'جلد' primarily relates to skin, hide, or leather. It extends to concepts of striking, enduring hardship, and the physical body or person. Derived meanings also include the act of flaying, covering, and even the earth's surface.

Derived headwords

الجِلْدnoun

1.
skin, hide, leatherboth
The outer covering of an animal's body, or material made from it.
2.
body, personboth
Referring to the entirety of a person's physical being.
3.
hard groundboth
A description of the earth's surface as being firm and solid.
4.
a sheep whose lamb diedclassical
A ewe that has lost its offspring at birth.
5.
infertile camelsclassical
Camels that are not pregnant or nursing.

ظاهر بشرته — its outer skin

جماعة شخصه، أو جسمه — the entirety of his person, or his body

الأرض الصلبة — the hard ground

الشاة يموت ولدها حين تضعه — a sheep whose lamb dies when she gives birth

الكبار من الإبل التي لا صغار فيها — mature camels that have no young ones

جلودnoun

1.
skins, hides, leathersboth
The plural form of 'jild', referring to multiple instances of skin or hide.

جلدةnoun

1.
a piece of skinboth
A specific portion or piece of skin or hide.
2.
eye membraneclassical
A thin layer covering the eye.

جلدة العين — the membrane of the eye

أجلادnoun

1.
bodies, personsboth
Plural of 'ajlad', referring to multiple physical bodies or individuals.
2.
hard groundsboth
Plural of 'jild' when referring to the earth's surface.

الأجسام والأشخاص — bodies and persons

الأرض الصلبة — the hard ground

تجاليدnoun

1.
bodies, personsboth
Plural of 'tajalid', referring to the physical form of individuals.

جسمه وبدنه — his body and his physique

مُجَلَّدadjective

1.
skin and boneboth
Describing a body reduced to little more than bone and skin.

لم يبق عليه إلا الجلد — nothing remained of him but skin and bone

تجليدnoun

1.
flayingboth
The act of skinning an animal, particularly a camel.

نزع جلدها — removing its skin

جلدverb

1.
to whip, to lashboth
To strike someone or something with a whip.
2.
to be whippedboth
To be subjected to whipping.
3.
to strike (as punishment)both
To inflict a physical blow, often as a legal punishment.
4.
to force, to compelboth
To coerce someone into doing something against their will.
5.
to have intercourseclassical
To engage in sexual intercourse with a female.
6.
to bite (snake)classical
The act of a snake biting, especially a black snake with its tail.

جلده بالسوط — he whipped him with a whip

امرأة مجلودة — a woman who has been whipped

جلده الحد — he was subjected to the legal punishment (lashing)

جلده على الأمر — he forced him to do the thing

جلدها — he had intercourse with her

جلدت الحية — the snake bit

مجلودnoun

1.
whipped personboth
A person who has been whipped or punished.

جليدnoun

1.
ice, frostboth
Frozen water that falls from the sky or forms on the ground.

ما يسقط من السماء على الأرض من الندى فيجمد — what falls from the sky onto the ground as dew and freezes

أجلدadjective

1.
hardy, toughboth
Possessing great physical strength and endurance.

عظيم الأجلاد والتجاليد — possessing great strength and a robust body

جلادةnoun

1.
toughness, fortitudeboth
The quality of being strong, resilient, and able to endure hardship.

جلد وجليد — tough and hardy

تجلدverb

1.
to endure, to be patientboth
To show patience and fortitude, especially in the face of adversity or mockery.
2.
to feign enduranceclassical
To pretend to be strong or patient when one is not.

تكلفه — to exert oneself (to show endurance)

تجلد الرجل للشامتين — the man showed fortitude to the mockers

جلادnoun

1.
tough date palmsclassical
Large, resilient date palm trees, capable of withstanding drought.
2.
high-yielding camelsclassical
Camels that produce abundant milk.
3.
camels without milk or offspringclassical
Camels that are not producing milk or have no young.

الصلاب الكبار من النخل — the tough, large date palms

الغزيرات اللبن — abundant in milk

ما لا لبن لها ولا نتاج — that have no milk and no offspring

مِجْلَدnoun

1.
leather pad for strikingclassical
A piece of leather held by a mourner to strike her face and cheeks.

قطعة من جلد تمسكها النائحة بيدها وتلطم بها وجهها وخدها — a piece of leather that the mourner holds in her hand and strikes her face and cheek with

جالدverb

1.
to fight with swordsboth
To engage in combat using swords.
2.
to be accused of lyingclassical
To be suspected or accused of falsehood.

تضاربوا بالسيف — they struck each other with swords

كان مجالد يجلد — Mujalid was accused of lying

مجالدةnoun

1.
fighting with swordsboth
The act of engaging in sword combat.

تجاالدverb

1.
to fight with swordsboth
To engage in combat using swords, mutually.

اجتلدverb

1.
to fight with swordsboth
To engage in combat using swords, mutually.
2.
to drink completelyclassical
To consume all the liquid in a container.

تضاربوا بالسيف — they struck each other with swords

شربه كله — he drank all of it

مَجْلُودnoun

1.
fallen from sleepclassical
One who has collapsed due to extreme sleepiness.

سقط إلى الأرض من شدة النوم — he fell to the ground from the intensity of sleep

أجلدهverb

1.
to drive to, to force toclassical
To compel or drive someone towards a certain state or action.

ألجأه وأحوجه — he made him resort to and need

مُجَلِّدnoun

1.
bookbindermodern
A person whose profession is binding books.

مِجْلَدnoun

1.
measure of loadclassical
A specific, known quantity of a load by measure or weight.

مقدار من الحمل معلوم الكيل والوزن — an amount of load known by measure and weight

مُجَلَّدadjective

1.
unflinching (horse)classical
A horse that does not shy away or become frightened, especially from the whip.

لا يفزع من الضرب — does not fear being struck

جلودname

1.
village nameclassical
A place name, possibly a village in Andalusia or Ifriqiya.

الجلوديname

1.
nisba nameboth
A surname or nisba, often referring to someone from the 'Julud' area or family.

Parallel reading

إذا تجاوب نوح قامتا معه ضربا أليما بسبت يلعج الجلدا

When the cooing of doves responded, they rose with him, striking a painful blow with a whip that scorched the skin.

المسك، بالفتح، من كل حيوان

Al-misk, with fatha, from any animal.

والجلدة أخص من الجلد

And 'jaldah' is more specific than 'jild'.

الجلد من الحيوان: ظاهر بشرته

The skin of an animal: its outer surface.

وأجلاد الإنسان وتجاليده: جماعة شخصه، أو جسمه وبدنه، لأن الجلد محيط بهما

And the 'ajlad' and 'tajalid' of a person: the entirety of his person, or his body and physique, because the skin surrounds them.

ويقال: فلان عظيم الأجلاد والتجاليد، إذا كان ضخما قوي الأعضاء والجسم

And it is said: So-and-so is great in 'ajlad' and 'tajalid', if he is large and strong in limbs and body.

ردوا الأيمان على أجالدهم

Return the oaths upon their persons.

كان أبو مسعود تشبه تجاليده تجاليد عمر

Abu Mas'ud's physique resembled Umar's physique.

لم يبق منها غير عظم مجلد

Nothing remained of it but skin and bone.

التجليد للإبل بمنزلة السلخ للشاء

The flaying of camels is like the skinning of sheep.

نزع جلدها

Removing its skin.

جلده يجلده جلدا، من حد ضرب: ضربه بالسوط

He whipped him, he whips him, a whipping, from the category of striking: he struck him with a whip.

امرأة جليد وجليدة، كلتاهما عن اللحياني، أي مجلودة من نسوة جلدى وجلائد

A woman who is 'jalid' and 'jalidah', both from Al-Lihyani, meaning whipped among women who are 'jilda' and 'jala'id'.

جلده الحد جلدا، أي ضربه

He subjected him to the legal punishment (lashing), a lashing, meaning he struck him.

جلده على الأمر: أكرهه عليه

He forced him to do the thing: he compelled him to it.

جلد جاريته: جامعها

He had intercourse with his female slave: he joined her.

جلدت الحية: لدغت

The snake bit: it struck.

والجلد، محركة: أن يسلخ جلد البعير أو غيره من الدواب فيلبسه غيره من الدواب

And 'al-jild', with harakah: is to flay the skin of a camel or other beast and dress another beast with it.

كأنه في جلد مرفل

As if he were in a draped hide.

والجلد: جلد البو يحشى ثماما ويخيل به للناقة فترأم بذالك غير ولدها

And 'al-jild': the hide of a bullock stuffed with grass and presented to a she-camel so that she may nurse another's offspring.

أو جلد حوار يسلخ ويلبس حوارا آخر لترأمنه أم المسلوخة

Or the hide of a camel calf, skinned and dressed onto another calf so that the mother of the skinned one may nurse it.

وحل بي فرسي وإني لفي جلد من الأرض

And my horse stumbled, and I was on hard ground.

والجلد: الشاة يموت ولدها حين تضعه كالجلدة، محركة فيهما

And 'al-jild': a sheep whose lamb dies when she gives birth, like 'al-jaldah', with movement in both.

والجلد: الكبار من الإبل التي لا صغار فيها، الواحدة بهاء

And 'al-jild': mature camels that have no young ones, the singular is with haa'.

والجلد من الغنم والإبل: ما لا أولاد لها ولا ألبان

And 'al-jild' from sheep and camels: that which has no offspring and no milk.

والجلد: الشدة والقوة والصبر والصلابة

And 'al-jild': severity, strength, patience, and firmness.

وهو جلد وجليد

And he is tough and hardy.

وقد جلد، ككرم، جلادة، بالفتح، وجلودة، بالضم، وجلدا، محركة، ومجلودا، مصدر مثل المحلوف والمعقول

And he became, like karuma, 'jaladah', with fatha, and 'juludah', with damma, and 'jaladan', with movement, and 'majludan', a مصدر like 'mahluf' and 'ma'qul'.

وتجلد الرجل للشامتين: تكلفه

And the man showed fortitude to the mockers: he exerted himself (to show endurance).

وكيف تجلد الأقوام عنه ولم يقتل به الثأر المنيم

And how can you endure the people turning away from it, when the avenging blood has not been shed for him?

والجلاد: الصلاب الكبار من النخل

And 'al-jilad': the tough, large date palms.

والجلاد من الإبل: الغزيرات اللبن

And 'al-jilad' from camels: the abundant in milk.

أو الجلاد من الإبل: ما لا لبن لها ولا نتاج

Or 'al-jilad' from camels: that which has no milk and no offspring.

والمجلد: قطعة من جلد تمسكها النائحة بيدها وتلدم، أي تلطم بها وجهها وخدها

And 'al-mijlad': a piece of leather that the mourner holds in her hand and strikes, meaning strikes her face and cheek with it.

وجالدوا بالسيف: تضاربوا

And they fought with swords: they struck each other.

وكذا تجالدوا واجتلدوا

And likewise they fought each other and they fought each other.

والجليد: ما يسقط من السماء على الأرض من الندى فيجمد

And 'al-jalid': what falls from the sky onto the ground as dew and freezes.

حسن الخلق يذيب الخطايا كما تذيب الشمس الجليد

Good character melts away sins just as the sun melts away ice.

والأرض مجلودة: أصابها الجليد

And the land is 'majladah': ice has afflicted it.

وجلدت الأرض، كفرح، وأجلدت

And the land experienced 'jald', like faraha, and 'ajlad'.

والقوم أجلدوا، على ما لم يسم فاعله: أصابهم الجليد

And the people were afflicted with 'jalid', with an unknown subject: ice has afflicted them.

إنه ليجلد بكل خير

He is thought to be capable of every good.

كان مجالد يجلد، أي يكذب

Mujalid used to lie, meaning he was accused of lying.

جلد به، كعني. سقط إلى الأرض من شدة النوم

He collapsed from it, like 'ani. He fell to the ground from the intensity of sleep.

أن رجلا طلب إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلمأن يصلي معه بالليل فأطال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الصلاة فجلد بالرجل نوما

A man asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, to pray with him at night, so the Prophet, peace be upon him, prolonged the prayer, and the man collapsed from sleep.

كنت أتشدد فيجلد بي

I would exert myself, and sleep would overcome me.

واجتلد ما في الإناء: شربه كله

And he drank all that was in the container: he drank all of it.

صرحت بجلدان، بكسر الجيم، وجلداء، ممدودا بمعنى جداء

I declared openly with 'juldani', with kasra on the jim, and 'jaldā', with madd, meaning 'judaa'.

صرحت بجلدان أي بجد

I declared openly with 'juldani', meaning with earnestness.

وبنو جلد، بفتح فسكون: حي من سعد العشيرة

And Banu Jild, with fatha then sukun: a tribe from Sa'd al-'Ashirah.

وجلود، كقبول: ة بالأندلس

And Julud, like qubul: a village in Andalusia.

حفص بن عاصم الجلودي

Hafs bin Asim Al-Juludi.

فبالضم لا غير

And it is with damma, and nothing else.

نسبة إلى الجلود جمع جلد

A nisba to Al-Julud, the plural of jild.

وقال الرشاطي: هو بالفتح على الصحيح وكذا وقع في رواية أبي علي المطري

And Al-Rasshati said: It is with fatha, correctly, and thus it occurred in the narration of Abu Ali Al-Matari.

فالحق أن راوي مسلم منسوب إلى سكة الجلود بنيسابور فهو بالضم

The truth is that the narrator of Muslim is attributed to the street of Al-Julud in Nishapur, so it is with damma.

وقال أبو عبيد البكري: جلود، بفتح أوله، على وزن فعول قرية من قرى إفريقية، يقال فلان الجلودي، ولا يقال بالضم إلا أن ينسب إلى الجلود

And Abu Ubaid Al-Bakri said: Julud, with fatha at the beginning, on the pattern of 'fu'ul', is a village in Ifriqiya. It is said 'So-and-so is Al-Juludi', and it is not said with damma unless attributed to Al-Julud.

وقال الجوهري في (الصحاح): فلان الجلودي، بفتح الجيم، قال الفراء: هو منسوب إلى جلود قرية من قرى إفريقية، ولا يقال بالضم

And Al-Jawhari said in (Al-Sihah): So-and-so is Al-Juludi, with fatha on the jim. Al-Farra' said: He is attributed to Julud, a village in Ifriqiya, and it is not said with damma.

وقال: وهاذا إنما يتم إذا غلبت وصارت بالاسم نحو الأنصار والشعوب

And he said: And this is only valid if it becomes dominant and is used as a proper name, like Al-Ansar and Al-Shu'ub.

وقالوا لجلودهم لم شهدتم علينا

And they said to their skins, 'Why did you bear witness against us?'

قيل: كنايات عن فروجهم

It is said: Euphemisms for their private parts.

وعندي أن الجلود هنا مسوكهم التي تباشر المعاصي

And I am of the opinion that 'al-julud' here refers to their skins that were involved in sins.

وأجلده إليه، أي ألجأه وأحوجه

And he drove him to it, meaning he made him resort to it and need it.

وقد نسب إليه جماعة من الرواة، منهم شيخ مشايخنا الوجيه عبد الرحمان بن أحمد السليمي الحنفي الدمشقي المعمر ولد سنة 1046 وحدث عن الشيخ عبد الباقي البعلي الأثري وغيره وتوفي بدمشق سنة 1140

And a group of narrators have been attributed to him, among them the shaykh of our shaykhs, the esteemed Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad Al-Sulaymi Al-Hanafi Al-Dimashqi, the long-lived, born in 1046, narrated from Shaykh Abd Al-Baqi Al-Ba'li Al-Athari and others, and died in Damascus in 1140.

مقدار من الحمل معلوم الكيل والوزن

An amount of load known by measure and weight.

وفرس مجلد: لا يفزع

And a 'mujallad' horse: does not shy away.

من الضرب أي من ضرب السوط

From being struck, meaning from the striking of a whip.